RU2495716C2 - Комбинированный способ получения порошка карбонила железа и углеводородов - Google Patents
Комбинированный способ получения порошка карбонила железа и углеводородов Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- RU2495716C2 RU2495716C2 RU2011113634/04A RU2011113634A RU2495716C2 RU 2495716 C2 RU2495716 C2 RU 2495716C2 RU 2011113634/04 A RU2011113634/04 A RU 2011113634/04A RU 2011113634 A RU2011113634 A RU 2011113634A RU 2495716 C2 RU2495716 C2 RU 2495716C2
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- Prior art keywords
- iron
- installation
- powder
- synthesis gas
- pentacarbonyl
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 229940087654 iron carbonyl Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 128
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 14
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical compound CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 150000001728 carbonyl compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008360 acrylonitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
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- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
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- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/78—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
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- C07C1/04—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
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- C07C1/0435—Catalysts; their physical properties characterised by the composition containing a metal of group 8 or a compound thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/20—C2-C4 olefins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
- C10J2300/1656—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals
- C10J2300/1659—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals to liquid hydrocarbons
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Compounds Of Iron (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08164085 | 2008-09-10 | ||
| EP08164085.6 | 2008-09-10 | ||
| PCT/EP2009/061343 WO2010028995A1 (de) | 2008-09-10 | 2009-09-02 | Integriertes verfahren zur herstellung von carbonyleisenpulver und von kohlenwasserstoffen |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| RU2011113634A RU2011113634A (ru) | 2012-10-20 |
| RU2495716C2 true RU2495716C2 (ru) | 2013-10-20 |
Family
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| RU2011113634/04A RU2495716C2 (ru) | 2008-09-10 | 2009-09-02 | Комбинированный способ получения порошка карбонила железа и углеводородов |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8608824B2 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP2326417A1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP5595401B2 (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR20110057218A (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN102149463B (enExample) |
| MY (1) | MY153783A (enExample) |
| RU (1) | RU2495716C2 (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2010028995A1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010028995A1 (de) | 2008-09-10 | 2010-03-18 | Basf Se | Integriertes verfahren zur herstellung von carbonyleisenpulver und von kohlenwasserstoffen |
| EP2496346A1 (de) | 2009-11-06 | 2012-09-12 | Basf Se | Eisen- und kupferhaltiger heterogenkatalysator und verfahren zur herstellung von olefinen durch umsetzung von kohlenmonoxid mit wasserstoff |
| EP2496347B1 (de) | 2009-11-06 | 2014-12-10 | Basf Se | Eisenhaltiger heterogenkatalysator und verfahren zur herstellung von olefinen durch umsetzung von kohlenmonoxid mit wasserstoff |
| CN102711991B (zh) | 2009-11-06 | 2015-01-21 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 含铁和锰的非均相催化剂和通过一氧化碳与氢气反应而制备烯烃的方法 |
| WO2011061183A1 (de) | 2009-11-19 | 2011-05-26 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur selektiven herstellung von leichten olefinen |
| US8940075B2 (en) | 2012-04-04 | 2015-01-27 | Taiwan Powder Technologies Co., Ltd. | Method for fabricating fine reduced iron powders |
| CN102718269A (zh) * | 2012-06-05 | 2012-10-10 | 金川集团股份有限公司 | 一种制备羰基铁的方法 |
| CN103128311B (zh) * | 2013-03-15 | 2015-08-12 | 金川集团股份有限公司 | 一种生产超细羰基铁粉的方法 |
| CN104551013A (zh) * | 2014-12-07 | 2015-04-29 | 金川集团股份有限公司 | 一种在分解过程中控制羰基铁粉中粒度的方法 |
| CN110844942B (zh) * | 2019-11-29 | 2022-02-18 | 山西金池科技开发有限公司 | 高压循环法合成羰基铁络合物的工艺 |
| CN115228470A (zh) * | 2022-07-01 | 2022-10-25 | 重庆工商大学 | 一种超疏水超亲油羰基铁负载纳米二氧化钛光催化剂的制备方法 |
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- 2009-09-02 WO PCT/EP2009/061343 patent/WO2010028995A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2009-09-02 US US13/063,321 patent/US8608824B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-09-02 EP EP09782512A patent/EP2326417A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-09-02 KR KR1020117008114A patent/KR20110057218A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2009-09-02 RU RU2011113634/04A patent/RU2495716C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-09-02 JP JP2011526467A patent/JP5595401B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| JPS59102441A (ja) * | 1982-12-03 | 1984-06-13 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | 合成ガスからの不飽和低級炭化水素合成用触媒の調製方法 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MY153783A (en) | 2015-03-13 |
| KR20110057218A (ko) | 2011-05-31 |
| RU2011113634A (ru) | 2012-10-20 |
| US8608824B2 (en) | 2013-12-17 |
| JP2012501840A (ja) | 2012-01-26 |
| JP5595401B2 (ja) | 2014-09-24 |
| EP2326417A1 (de) | 2011-06-01 |
| WO2010028995A1 (de) | 2010-03-18 |
| CN102149463A (zh) | 2011-08-10 |
| US20110162484A1 (en) | 2011-07-07 |
| CN102149463B (zh) | 2013-05-22 |
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