RU2492299C1 - Hollow construction block - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of monolithic construction of industrial and civil objects erected from the proposed hollow blocks comprising a single universal reinforcement base. The hollow construction block comprises outer and inner walls connected by links, and reinforcement elements, at the same time the walls are made from construction material, and the hollow block is made as capable of formation of the construction object by means of placement of multiple hollow blocks, external peripheral surfaces of outer and inner walls of which are in contact with similar surfaces of adjacent blocks. Reinforcement elements are placed inside the outer and inner walls and form the first frame in every of them, and links are made of reinforcement elements that fix the first frames of the outer and inner walls and in combination with reinforcement elements of the first frames that form the spatial reinforcement frame of the block, having reinforcement fixators, made as capable of connection of spatial reinforcement frames of adjacent blocks to form a single reinforced structure of the construction object, having a single cavity for simultaneous filling with construction material.

EFFECT: possibility to create proposed blocks of different spatial shape, which provides for the possibility to create construction objects of different shape, having a monolithic homogeneous strong and stiff structure, with increased speed of object construction and improvement of its aseismic stability.

30 cl, 22 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the field of monolithic construction of industrial and civil facilities, and more specifically to a hollow building block.

The present invention can be used for the construction without formwork of the walls of buildings and structures for various purposes, for example, for the construction of pillows foundations, strip foundations, basements, basement floors, the construction of load-bearing walls and internal partitions, the formation of external and internal (direct, sharp, dull) corners of walls, supporting columns, ceilings between floors, the construction of fences, pools, decorative arched bridges, the formation of the end surfaces of the above structures, as well as the formation of Ania wall openings for the installation of window and door designs. In addition, the present invention can be used for the construction of vaulted and arched structures, as well as sphere-shaped hollow structures.

In connection with the growing need to increase the number of housing, there is currently a problem of increasing the speed of construction of quality housing, as well as buildings and structures for other purposes.

A well-known hollow building block is described in the application RU 2009126444 and configured to form a building object by placing a plurality of blocks, the outer peripheral surfaces of the outer and inner walls of which are placed in contact with similar surfaces of adjacent blocks. This building hollow block contains a hollow frame having an outer and inner wall connected by jumpers. In this case, the walls and jumpers are made of self-hardening building material. The jumpers can be made integral integral, integral removable and may contain reinforcement elements arbitrarily located in the building self-hardening material of the jumpers.

This hollow building block is designed to form a reinforced concrete frame inside a fixed formwork formed from the external and internal walls of many blocks during the construction of a building. In this case, reinforced horizontal belts are successively formed, made by the method of randomly placing reinforcement elements in the free space between the external and internal walls of the blocks at the same horizontal level and filling this space with self-hardening material. And they also consistently form vertical reinforced columns by arbitrary placement of reinforcing elements in the space between the outer and inner walls of the set of blocks located one above the other with their subsequent filling with self-hardening material.

Using these hollow building blocks allows you to step by step erect a building in rows, providing first the formation of individual horizontal zones, and then the formation of individual vertical columns. This leads to the need for a gradual filling of these individual elements. In this case, the formation of the next row requires hardening of the previous row, which leads to the formation of seams and significantly increases the speed of construction of the object.

Moreover, the arbitrary placement of the reinforcement inside the reinforced concrete lintels and in the space between the external and internal walls does not ensure the fixation of the blocks, as well as the rows of blocks between themselves. The result is a cellular, non-monolithic structure having low strength. In addition, the lack of fixation of blocks and rows and the implementation of jumpers from building self-hardening material reduces the rigidity of the structure as a whole. At the same time, the possibility of creating monolithic construction objects of various shapes, including those with earthquake resistance, is excluded.

In addition, the implementation of the jumpers from the building material, hardened before the start of the construction project, leads to the fact that, after successively filling the cavities of its blocks, for example, with a building mixture, the material of these jumpers is included in this mixture. This leads to heterogeneity of the structure of the construction object. As a result, “cold bridges” and air gaps appear in the blocks of the construction object, which increases heat loss, reduces the heat-insulating properties of the object and its strength.

The basis of the invention is the task of creating a building hollow block with such design features that would allow creating a single universal reinforcing block base, providing the ability to create the proposed blocks of various spatial shapes, which allows the creation of various shapes of construction objects having a monolithic uniform, strong and rigid a design that exactly matches the specified dimensions, with an increase in the speed of construction of the object and improvement of its about earthquake resistance.

This problem was solved by creating a hollow building block containing external and internal walls connected by jumpers and reinforcing elements, while the walls are made of building material, and the hollow block is made with the possibility of forming a building object by placing many hollow blocks, the outer peripheral surfaces of the external and internal the walls of which are placed in contact with similar surfaces of adjacent blocks, while, according to the invention, the reinforcement elements are placed inside in the external and internal walls and form the first frame in each of them, and the jumpers are made of reinforcing elements fastening the first frames of the external and internal walls and in combination with the first frame reinforcing elements forming a spatial reinforcing block frame having reinforcing latches made with the possibility of connecting spatial reinforcing cages of adjacent blocks with the formation of a single reinforced structure of a construction object having a single cavity for simultaneous filling with building material.

The technical result of the invention is the creation of a universal reinforcing base of a block having a different spatial shape and providing the possibility of creating various in shape construction objects having a monolithic homogeneous, strong and rigid structure that exactly corresponds to the given dimensions. Moreover, due to the versatility of the reinforcing base, the faces of the block can have a different shape in the plane, as a result of which the block can have a different shape in space. This allows you to create arched (vertically located), radial (horizontally located), spherical and other monolithic objects that have, including concave or convex surfaces.

Moreover, as a result of the fact that the spatial reinforcing frames of the blocks are fastened with reinforcing bridges made of reinforcing elements, these blocks in a building object form a single reinforced power structure with formed external and internal walls, having a single cavity designed for simultaneous filling or pouring with building mixtures or solutions . This, in turn, allows the building object to be mounted and filled with building materials not in rows, but in a much larger volume, for example, on the floor, which ensures monolithic homogeneity, strength and rigidity of the construction object as a whole, eliminates its cellularity and lamination, eliminates the formation of bridges of cold ”, which reduces the thermal conductivity of the object and increases the thermal insulation properties of the object, and also significantly increases the speed of construction.

At the same time, the ability to mount and fill a building object with building materials not in rows, but in a much larger volume ensures the absence of joints in hardened building materials, which makes it possible to use the invention in the construction of swimming pools and other construction objects that are in contact with the aquatic environment.

In addition, these design features of the proposed block increase the seismic stability of the construction site as a whole, which allows the use of the proposed blocks for the construction of facilities in earthquake-prone areas.

To increase the rigidity of the walls, it is advisable that each first frame has the shape of a rectangle and is placed along the corresponding wall.

For a good fixation of the reinforcing cage in space, it is desirable that the spatial reinforcing cage of the block has two pairs of upper and lower jumpers that are fixed in the corresponding corners of the first frames, each pair of these jumpers with the corresponding two vertical parts of the first frames form two second frames, and two upper or two lower jumpers with the corresponding two horizontal parts of the first frames form two third frames.

To give rigidity to the frame of blocks having large overall dimensions, it is convenient that the spatial reinforcing frame of the block has additional jumpers made of reinforcing elements and connecting parts of these frames.

To simplify the installation of the reinforced structure of a building object, it is advantageous for each reinforcing fixture to contain a tubular or rod, or triangular, or tape reinforcing element and connecting means configured to connect the reinforcing elements of the reinforcing latches of adjacent blocks.

To comply with the specified dimensions of the construction object, it is possible that the upper and lower jumpers in each pair are essentially parallel to each other, and the plane in which the first pair of jumpers lies is essentially parallel to the plane in which the second pair of jumpers lies.

To create construction objects of various complex shapes, it is useful that the plane in which the first pair of jumpers lies is placed at an angle to the plane in which the second pair of jumpers lies.

To ensure smooth installation of blocks during the construction of a building object, to exclude the possibility of penetration of building materials into the gap between the walls of adjacent blocks and to increase the bearing capacity of the block, it is preferable that each wall at least on one face has a lock connection made with the possibility of connection with the corresponding wall adjacent block.

To simplify the manufacture of walls with frames located inside, it is advisable that each wall consist of two panels interconnected by adjacent surfaces, offset from one another with the formation of at least one face of this wall of the castle connection.

To create construction objects of complex spatial shape and create interfloor ceilings, it is desirable that the outer and inner walls have different overall dimensions.

To create the upper, lower or lateral blocks of a building object, it is favorable that the hollow block has at least one additional wall.

To create beams, openings for installing windows and doors, it is possible that at least one additional wall has at least one overall dimension larger than the corresponding overall dimension of the block.

To create spherical construction objects, it is preferable that the edges of at least one wall be made beveled.

To stiffen the frames of the upper, lower or side blocks, it is useful that additional reinforcing elements forming the fourth frame are placed inside the additional wall, and also that the fourth frame has reinforcing clips that fasten this frame to the spatial reinforcing block of the block.

To reduce the weight of the reinforcement in large blocks, it is desirable that within the at least one wall additional elements of the reinforcement are placed, forming at least one first additional part of the corresponding frame located outside it.

For uniform connection of the blocks in a checkerboard pattern, it is favorable that the first additional part of the corresponding frame has a length substantially equal to half the length of this frame.

To strengthen the spatial reinforcement cage of the block, it is possible that the first additional parts of the opposite frames of the corresponding walls are fastened together by jumpers made of reinforcement elements.

To simplify the construction of corner construction objects, it is useful that the outer and inner walls have different overall dimensions, while the wall with a smaller overall dimension has a second additional part of the first frame located outside this wall and fastened to the first frame of the wall with large overall dimensions by jumpers made from reinforcement elements.

To strengthen the spatial reinforcement cage of the block when connecting the blocks at an angle, it is advisable that the outer and inner walls have corresponding second additional parts of the first frames, placed outside the corresponding walls and fastened with jumpers made of reinforcement elements.

For uniform connection of the blocks in a checkerboard pattern, it is desirable that the second additional parts of the respective frames have a length substantially equal to half the length of these frames.

In order to connect the internal walls and load-bearing partitions in a building object, it is advantageous for the inner wall to be made along the length of two panels located at a distance, each of which contains the first frame, while the first frames of the two panels are fastened by additional reinforcement elements placed outside the panels.

To improve the mounting properties of the block, it is possible that the reinforcement elements and additional reinforcement elements are elements selected from the group: rods, tubes, profiles.

To expand the range of hollow blocks, it is useful that the reinforcement elements and additional reinforcement elements are made of a material selected from the group: metal, polymeric material, material of wood origin.

To facilitate transportation and storage of the blocks, it is preferable that the reinforcement elements and additional reinforcement elements are removable.

To facilitate the installation of the reinforcing cage of the construction object, it is possible that the reinforcement elements and additional reinforcement elements are prefabricated.

To increase the strength and rigidity of a building object, it is advisable that the reinforcement elements and additional reinforcement elements have reinforcing reinforcement.

For the construction of arched, radial, spherical and other monolithic construction objects having curved surfaces, it is desirable that the outer peripheral surfaces of the outer and inner walls are convex or concave.

For insulation, sound insulation or decoration of a building object, it is favorable that a coating is made on the outer peripheral surface of the outer and / or inner walls.

Thus, the use of the invention allows to create a universal reinforcing cage of a block having a different spatial shape and providing the ability to create different in form of building objects having a monolithic uniform, strong and rigid structure. Moreover, due to the versatility of the reinforcing cage, the faces of the block can have a different shape in the plane, as a result of which the block can have a different shape in space. This allows you to create arched (vertically located), radial (horizontally located), spherical and other monolithic objects that have, including concave or convex surfaces.

Moreover, as a result of the fact that the spatial reinforcing cages of the blocks are fastened with reinforcing bridges, these blocks in a building object form a single reinforced power structure with formed external and internal walls, having a single cavity designed for simultaneous filling or filling with construction mixtures or solutions. This, in turn, allows you to mount and fill the building object not in rows, but in a much larger volume, for example, on the floor, which ensures monolithic uniformity and strength of the construction object as a whole, eliminates its cellularity and lamination, and also significantly increases the speed construction.

In addition, these design features of the proposed block increase the seismic stability of the construction site as a whole, which allows the use of the proposed blocks for the construction of facilities in earthquake-prone areas.

For a better understanding of the invention, the following are specific examples of its implementation with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

figure 1 depicts a building hollow block made according to the invention, isometry;

figure 2 is a part of a building project made of several building hollow blocks, made according to the invention, isometry;

figure 3 - figure 20 - options for a hollow building block made according to the invention, isometry;

Fig - part of a construction site made of several building hollow blocks, made according to the invention, isometry;

Fig is an embodiment of a hollow building block made according to the invention, isometry.

Proposed, according to the invention, the building hollow block 1 (figure 1) contains the outer and inner walls 2, 3, connected by jumpers 4.

Block 1 is configured to form a building object (not shown in the drawing) by placing a plurality of hollow blocks 1, the outer peripheral surfaces 5, 6 of the outer and inner walls 2, 3 of which are placed in contact with similar surfaces of adjacent blocks (as shown in FIG. 2 )

The outer and inner walls 2, 3 are made of building, for example, self-hardening material. The following materials can be used as the building material of walls 2, 3: concrete, foam concrete, crumb of foam concrete with concrete, expanded clay concrete, concrete with fillers, cement-particle mixes, fiber concrete, polymeric materials, metal, wood, clay and the like materials.

Since the proposed block 1 in space can be placed in different positions, then to facilitate understanding of the present invention, we will further consider the proposed block 1 in the spatial position, which is shown in the accompanying drawings, where the position of the top and bottom of block 1 is determined. that wall 2 is an external wall, wall 3 is an internal wall, and the proposed block 1 has a length L, a width N, and a height N.

Inside the outer and inner walls 2, 3 there are elements 7 of the reinforcement, which form in each of them the first frame 8.

Each first frame 8, mainly, has the shape of a rectangle and is placed along the corresponding wall 2, 3, that is, along its length L.

The specified shape and location of the first frame 8 gives uniform rigidity and strength to the corresponding wall 2, 3.

In this case, the first frame 8 has two essentially horizontal parts 9 and two essentially vertical parts 10.

The horizontal parts 9 are longitudinal reinforcement that perceives tensile stresses. The vertical parts 10 are transverse reinforcement, which prevents the formation of cracks from the occurring shear stresses near the supports.

However, the first frame 8 may have a different shape, for example, the shape of a truncated trapezoid or triangle, or any other shape that provides the specified rigidity and strength required to create a building object.

The jumpers 4 are made of reinforcement elements 7, fastening the first frames 8 of the outer and inner walls 2, 3, and in combination with the reinforcement elements 7 of the first frames 8 forming the spatial reinforcing frame 11 of the block 1.

The frame 11 has reinforcing latches 12, made with the possibility of connecting the spatial reinforcing frames 11 of adjacent blocks with the formation of a single reinforced structure 13 of a building object having a single cavity 14 for simultaneous filling with building material (as shown in figure 2).

Reinforcement elements 7 can be rigid (profiles of any section shape, for example, rolling tees, I-beams, channels, angles, as well as plates with stiffeners) or flexible (individual rods of a smooth and periodic profile, pipes of any section shape, rods of any section shape, flat plates or strips, as well as welded or knitted nets and frames). Reinforcing bars can be made of metal, for example steel, plastic, for example fiberglass or wood-based material, for example, bamboo or any other material capable of giving rigidity and strength to hollow blocks 1.

In construction projects, in which the proposed building blocks 1 are used, reinforcing steel rods connected to each other are mainly used as reinforcement elements 7. The main ways of connecting the rods are electric welding, wire knitting. Instead of knitting with wire, special reinforcing clips made of steel can be used.

Thus, the spatial reinforcement cage 11 of block 1 is a set of interconnected reinforcement elements 7, which, when working with concrete in reinforced concrete building objects, perceive tensile stresses or are used to reinforce concrete in a compressed zone.

Figure 1 shows a block 1, in which the spatial reinforcing cage 11 has two pairs of 15 jumpers 7. Each pair 15 consists of an upper and lower jumpers 7, which are fixed in the corresponding corners of the first frames 8. Each pair 15 of jumpers 7 with the corresponding two vertical parts 10 of the first frames 8 form two second frames 16, and two upper or two lower jumpers 7 with the corresponding two horizontal parts 11 of the first frames 8 form two third frames 17.

The jumpers 7 can be connected to the first frames 8 detachably or indivisibly in any known manner suitable for similar purposes. For example, using welding, riveting, screw connections, threaded connections, tightening, gluing, compression, soldering and the like.

With a large height of the building object, the spatial reinforcement cage 11 (Fig. 3) of block 1 has additional pairs 15 of jumpers 7 made of reinforcement elements 7 and connecting the horizontal parts 9 of the first frames 8.

Additional jumpers 7 can be made similar to jumpers 7, fastening the first frame 8, and can be structurally different from them. This depends on the size, shape and mass of the unit 1. In this case, the first frames 8 may have additional vertical parts 10 connecting additional pairs 15 of jumpers 7 and forming additional second frames 16.

All the above-described frames 8, 16, 17 can have reinforcing latches 12, made with the possibility of connecting spatial reinforcing cages 9 of adjacent blocks 1.

Each reinforcing fixture 12 may contain a reinforcing element of various shapes, for example, tubular, rod, triangular, tape, in the form of a bar of various sections, in the form of a plate of various shapes (square, rhombus, etc.), in the form of a profile of various shapes (corner, channel , Taurus, I-beam), in the form of a pipe of various sections (circle, rectangle, square), in the form of a strip. The reinforcing elements of the clamps 12 can be made of a material selected from the group: metal, polymeric material, material of wood origin and the like.

Depending on the given shape of the building object, the reinforcing elements of the clamps 12 can be fixed on the frame 8, on the jumpers 4 or on the frame 8 and the jumpers 4 of the blocks 1. The ability to connect the spatial reinforcing cages 9 of the adjacent blocks 1 by means of reinforcing latches 12 can be performed using connecting means (for example, in the form of threaded rods, and nuts, or in the form of a wire) connecting the reinforcing elements of the reinforcing latches 12 of adjacent blocks 1 (not shown in the drawing). In addition, reinforcing clips 12 having any known construction for connecting adjacent blocks 1 can be used. The reinforcing element of the locking device 12 can be used as horizontal or vertical parts 9, 10 of the first frame 8.

Depending on the shape of the first frame 8, the upper and lower jumpers 7 in each pair 15 may have a different spatial arrangement. For example, they may be substantially parallel, but may not be parallel to each other. Moreover, the plane in which the first pair of 15 jumpers 7 lies, can be essentially parallel to the plane in which the second pair of 15 jumpers 7 lies (as shown in FIGS. 1, 2), or the plane in which the first pair of 15 jumpers 7 lies , can be placed at an angle to the plane in which lies the second pair of 15 jumpers 7 (as shown in figure 4).

To improve the docking and alignment of the blocks 1 during the installation of a building object, each wall 2, 3, at least on one face, has a castle connection 18, made with the possibility of connection with the corresponding wall 2, 3 of the adjacent block 1. These castle joints can be made any known design suitable for similar purposes. For example, figure 5 shows a block 1, which on two side faces has a lock connection 18 of the type "protrusion 19 - depression 20" for connection with the corresponding wall 2, 3 of an adjacent block 1 having a mating lock connection 18. Moreover, the same lock connection 18 may have upper and lower faces of the walls 2, 3.

In addition, in the walls 2, 3 can be additionally placed tubes for connecting adjacent blocks 1 using rods installed in these tubes (not shown).

To facilitate the installation of the frame 8 inside the corresponding wall 2, 3, this wall 2, 3 consists of two panels 21 connected to each other by adjacent surfaces, offset from one another with the formation of at least one face of this wall 2, 3 of the lock connection 18 of the type "protrusion 19 - cavity 20" for connection with the corresponding wall 2, 3 of an adjacent block 1 having a mating lock connection 18. Fig. 6 shows a block 1, which has lock joints on two lateral faces, on the upper edge and on the lower edge 18 type "ledge 19 - recess Ina 20 "for connection with the corresponding wall 2, 3 of an adjacent block 1 having mating lock connections 18.

To create different parts of the construction object, the outer and inner walls 2, 3 can have different overall dimensions. That is, the height H and / or the width N and / or the length L of the outer wall 2 can be in different combinations more or less than the same parameters of the inner wall 3. Fig. 7 shows a block 1, in which the outer wall 2 has a height H1, which greater than the height H2 of the inner wall 3. This version of block 1 is designed to improve waterproofing with a foundation pad when using such blocks 1 in the bottom row of the construction site.

To create the closed ends of the building object, the hollow block 1 has at least one additional wall 22. The additional wall 22 is a side wall 23 or an upper wall, or a lower wall or at least one additional wall (not shown ) If necessary, the block 1 may have at the same time the side, upper and lower additional walls 22, as well as several additional side walls forming a block having the shape of a polyhedron (not shown in the drawing). On Fig shows a block 1, which has one side wall 23.

If necessary, the side additional wall 22 can be integrally formed with the outer and inner walls 2, 3 of block 1. FIG. 9 shows a block 1 having a side wall 23 made integrally with the outer and inner walls 2, 3. This the block can be used, for example, when mounting a side monolith for columns.

To create beams, at least one additional wall 22 has at least one overall dimension larger than the corresponding overall dimension of the block. For example, figure 10 shows a block 1, in which the additional wall 22 (in this case, the lower wall) has a width N2 greater than the width N1 of block 1. Moreover, the additional wall 22 is made in one piece with the outer and inner walls 2, 3 block 1.

In various embodiments of the present invention, the design features described above can be used in various combinations. For example, when creating openings for installing windows and doors, as shown in Fig. 11, the length L1 of the outer wall 2 is greater than the length L2 of the inner wall 3 and there is an additional side wall 23, the length L3 of which is less than the width N of the block 1.

To create curved parts of construction objects or construction objects of a spherical shape, the faces of at least one wall are made beveled. In different embodiments of the present invention, one face can be chamfered at the outer or inner wall (side, top or bottom), two side faces 24 can be chamfered (as shown in Fig. 12), all faces can be chamfered (in the drawing not shown).

Inside the additional wall 22 (Fig. 8) (similarly to the outer and inner walls 2, 3), additional reinforcement elements 7 are placed that form the fourth frame 25. The fourth frame 25 has reinforcing latches 12 for fastening this frame 25 to the spatial reinforcing frame 11 block 1.

Inside the at least one wall 2, 3, 22, additional reinforcing elements 7 can be placed, forming at least one first additional part 26 of the corresponding frame 8, 25, located outside it, that is, side, top or bottom the corresponding frame 8, 25. The first additional part 26 of the first frame 8, 25 can be made of any known shape, which can be formed from additional elements 7 of the reinforcement. For example, in Fig. 11, a block 1 is shown, in which the first additional parts 26 are extensions of two horizontal parts 9 of the first frames 8, while extensions are placed on the outer wall 2 on both sides of the first frame 8, and extensions are located on the inner wall 3 with one side of the first frame 8. In Fig.12 shows a block 1, in which the first additional parts 26 are extensions of two horizontal parts 9 of the first frames 8, placed on the two sides of each first frame 8, while the free ends of each pair neny secured additional element 7 fitting.

For uniform placement of blocks 1 in a building object in a checkerboard pattern, the first additional part 26 of the corresponding frame 8, 25 has a length substantially equal to half the length of this frame 8, 25.

The first additional parts 26 of the opposite frames 8 of the corresponding walls 2, 3 are fastened together by jumpers 4 made of reinforcement elements 7. These jumpers 4 can be made similar to the above jumpers 4, fastening the first frame 8, and can be made to any other construction described above.

On Fig shows an embodiment of the proposed block 1, in which the outer and inner walls 2, 3 have different overall dimensions. In this embodiment, the outer wall 2 has a length L1 greater than the length L2 of the inner wall 3. In this case, the inner wall 3 (that is, the wall with a smaller overall dimension) has a second additional part 27 of the first frame 8, placed outside this wall 3 and fastened to the first frame 8 of the outer wall 2 (that is, walls with a large overall dimension) by jumpers 4 made of reinforcement elements 7. Moreover, the first frame 8 of the outer wall 2 (that is, the wall with a large overall dimension) may have a first additional part 26 of the first frame 8, located opposite the second additional part 27 of the first frame 8. In this case, the second additional part 27 of the first frame 8 is fastened with jumpers 4 s the first additional part 26 of the first frame 8.

A possible embodiment of the proposed block 1, shown in Fig. 14 (for simplicity of the drawing, latches 12 are not shown), in which the outer and inner walls 2, 3 have corresponding second additional parts 27 of the first frames 8, placed on the side of the first frames 8 outside the corresponding walls 2 , 3 and fastened by jumpers 4 made of reinforcement elements 7.

The second additional parts 27 of the first frames 8 can be placed laterally, above, below these frames 8 on the outside of the respective walls 2, 3 in various combinations. For example, in Fig.7 shows a second additional part 27 of the first frame 8, placed below the outside of the first frame 8.

Similar design features regarding the first additional parts 26 and the second additional parts 27 are also inherent in the fourth frames 25 of the additional walls 22.

The second additional parts 27 of the respective frames 8, 25 may have a length substantially equal to half the length of these frames 8, 25.

A possible embodiment of the proposed block 1, shown in Fig. 15, in which the inner wall 3 is made along the length of two spaced apart panels 28. Inside each panel 28 there is a first frame 8 with a first additional part 26, with the first additional parts 26 of the first frames 8 of two panels 28 are fastened by additional reinforcement elements 7 placed outside the panels 28. A variant is possible in which the first frame 8 is placed inside each panel 28 without the first additional part 26 (not shown in the drawing). In this case, the first frames 8 of two panels 28 are fastened by additional reinforcement elements 7 placed outside these panels 28.

Everything that has been described above with regard to reinforcement elements 7 also applies to additional reinforcement elements 7. In this case, the reinforcement elements 7 and additional reinforcement elements 7 can be made removable or prefabricated, or removable and prefabricated at the same time. For example, in FIG. 16. lintels 4 are shown made of removable reinforcement elements 7 made of tape. At the same time, on the first frame 8 is fixed means for fastening the removable elements of the reinforcement 7.

In various embodiments of the present invention, reinforcement elements 7 and additional reinforcement elements 7 have reinforcing reinforcement, which may be longitudinal, transverse, angled reinforcing ties or reinforcing mesh, as, for example, shown in Fig. 17. Reinforcing ties may be made of the above the reinforcing elements 7, and the reinforcing mesh is made of metal, polymer, fabric and the like.

To create building objects having curved surfaces, the outer peripheral surfaces 5, 6 of the outer and inner walls 2, 3 can be made convex or concave, as shown, for example, in Fig. 18.

While convex or concave, the outer peripheral surface 5, 6 of only one wall 2, 3 can be made (not shown in the drawing).

If it is necessary to create a foundation plate, the building material of the inner wall of block 1 can be removed and the function of this wall will be performed by the first frame 8, for example, with the first additional part 26 (as shown in Fig. 19).

If it is necessary to significantly reduce the height of the block, the first frame 8 can have such a small height that it will essentially be reinforcement elements 7 forming the horizontal part 9 of this frame 8.

On the outer peripheral surface 5 of the outer wall 2, a decorative or heat-insulating or protective coating 31 and the like can be made. In this case, the coating can perform several functions simultaneously. The decorative coating may be a coating of paints of various colors or at least one decorative element mounted on the outer peripheral surface of the outer wall 2 or made with it in one piece, and the like. Moreover, from the inside on the surface of the walls 2, 3, a coating 32 can be made, for example, protective (sound insulation, waterproofing, insulation) or any other.

In Fig.20 shows the proposed block 1, having a triangular wall 2, 3 and placed in them triangular first frame 8. In Fig.21 shows a portion of a building object assembled from the proposed blocks 1 having the shape of a truncated trapezoid. Everything that has been described for the rectangular proposed block 1 also applies to the triangular, trapezoidal and any other forms of the proposed blocks 1.

All elements 7 of the reinforcement and additional elements 7 of the reinforcement in different embodiments of the present invention, form different frames placed in different planes (horizontal, vertical, at an angle) and providing high rigidity and strength to the proposed building hollow block. In this case, the same element 7 can perform the function of the horizontal part 9 or vertical part 10 (Fig. 22) of the frame 8 and at the same time serve as the reinforcing element (for example, tubular) of the reinforcing fixture 12. In this case, the block 1 can contain only two jumpers 4 , for example, top.

The embodiments of the present invention described above are not exhaustive and are given only as examples characterizing the present invention. All described embodiments of the present invention can be used individually or in combination.

The proposed blocks 1 are collected as follows.

The first frames 8 of the outer and inner walls 2, 3 of block 1 are formed from the reinforcement elements 7. For this, horizontal and vertical reinforcement elements 7 are fastened together. Then the first frames 8 are placed one opposite the other and connected with each other using jumpers 4. If necessary, the first frames 8 and jumpers 4 are additionally connected using couplers 29. As a result, a spatial reinforcing frame 11 of block 1 is formed. On this frame 11, depending on the given construction of the building object, reinforcing elements a are fixed maturnyh latches 12 formed to couple spatial reinforcement cage 11 adjacent units 1 (e.g., via connection means) to form a unitary structure reinforced building object having a single cavity for simultaneously filling a building material. The frames 8 of the finished spatial reinforcing cage 11 are alternately placed in a mold filled with building material for manufacturing the outer and inner walls 2, 3. This is done so that the frames 8 of the outer and inner walls 2, 3 are placed inside the building material after it has hardened and created reinforced walls 2, 3 of block 1. Similarly, any additional walls 22 of block 1 are formed.

A construction object, for example, a wall of a building is mounted as follows.

Install the above-described blocks 1, having the outer and inner walls 2, 3, for example, in a checkerboard pattern and dock the adjacent (side, top and bottom) blocks 1. The spatial reinforcing frames 11 of the neighboring blocks 1 are connected using reinforcing latches 12 to form a single reinforced structure of the wall of the building having a single cavity 14 for simultaneous filling with building material. The ends of the extreme blocks 1 are closed with the corresponding additional walls 22 with the formation of a closed volume of a single cavity 14, which is simultaneously filled with a given building material. For the formation of door and window openings, as well as construction objects of various shapes, the corresponding blocks 1 described above are used.

A construction object, for example, a column is mounted as follows.

Install the above-described blocks 1, having the outer and inner walls 2, 3, one on top of the other and dock the adjacent (side, top and bottom) blocks 1. The spatial reinforcing frames 11 of the neighboring blocks 1 are connected using reinforcing latches 12 with the formation of a single reinforced column structure having a single cavity 14 for simultaneous filling with building material. The ends of the extreme blocks 1 are closed with the corresponding additional walls 22 with the formation of a closed volume of a single cavity 14, which is simultaneously filled with a given building material.

As a material for the simultaneous filling of the cavity 14 of a single reinforced structure 13 of a building object, concrete, foam concrete, expanded clay concrete, concrete with fillers, cement-particle mixes, fiber concrete, polymeric materials, foams, bulk fillers and the like materials can be used.

Thus, the present invention provides the creation of a universal spatial reinforcing cage 11 of block 1, having a different spatial shape and providing the ability to create different in form of construction objects having a monolithic homogeneous, strong and rigid structure. Moreover, due to the versatility of the reinforcing cage 11, the faces 24 of block 1 can have a different shape in the plane, as a result of which block 1 can have a different shape in space. This allows you to create arched (vertically located), radial (horizontally located), spherical and other monolithic objects that have, including concave or convex surfaces.

Moreover, as a result of the fact that the spatial reinforcing cages 11 of the blocks 1 are fastened with reinforcing bridges 4 made of reinforcement elements 7, these blocks 1 in a building object form a single reinforced power structure with formed external and internal walls, having a single cavity 14, designed for simultaneous filling or pouring mortar or mortar. This, in turn, allows you to mount and fill a building object with building materials not in rows, but in a much larger volume, for example, on the floor, which ensures monolithic uniformity, strength and rigidity of the construction object as a whole, eliminates its cellularity and lamination, and also reduces the number of seams, this eliminates the formation of "cold bridges", which reduces the thermal conductivity of the building object and increases its thermal insulation properties of the object, and also significantly increases the speed of building stva.

In addition, these design features of the proposed block 1 increase the seismic stability of the construction site as a whole, which allows the use of the proposed blocks 1 for the construction of objects in earthquake-prone areas.

Claims (30)

1. The hollow building block containing the outer and inner walls connected by jumpers and reinforcement elements, the walls are made of building material, and the hollow block is made with the possibility of forming a building object by placing a number of hollow blocks, the outer peripheral surfaces of the outer and inner walls of which placed in contact with similar surfaces of adjacent blocks, characterized in that the reinforcement elements are placed inside the outer and inner walls and form in each of them has a first frame, and the jumpers are made of reinforcing elements fastening the first frames of the outer and inner walls and in combination with reinforcing elements of the first frames forming a spatial reinforcing block frame having reinforcing latches made with the possibility of connecting spatial reinforcing frames of adjacent blocks to form a single reinforced structure of a construction object having a single cavity for simultaneous filling with building material. 2. The hollow building block according to claim 1, characterized in that each first frame has the shape of a rectangle and is placed along the corresponding wall. 3. The hollow building block according to claim 2, characterized in that the spatial reinforcing frame of the block has two pairs of upper and lower jumpers that are fixed in the corresponding corners of the first frames, each pair of these jumpers with the corresponding two vertical parts of the first frames form two second frames, and two upper or two lower jumpers with the corresponding two horizontal parts of the first frames form two third frames. 4. The hollow building block according to claim 3, characterized in that the spatial reinforcing frame of the block has additional jumpers made of reinforcing elements and connecting parts of these frames. 5. The hollow building block according to claim 1, characterized in that each reinforcing fixture comprises a tubular, or rod, or triangular, or tape reinforcing element and connecting means configured to connect reinforcing elements of the reinforcing latches of adjacent blocks. 6. The hollow building block according to claim 3, characterized in that the upper and lower jumpers in each pair are essentially parallel to each other. 7. The hollow building block according to claim 6, characterized in that the plane in which the first pair of jumpers lies is essentially parallel to the plane in which the second pair of jumpers lies. 8. The hollow building block according to claim 6, characterized in that the plane in which the first pair of jumpers lies is placed at an angle to the plane in which the second pair of jumpers lies. 9. The hollow building block according to claim 1, characterized in that each wall, at least on one face, has a castle connection made with the possibility of connection with the corresponding wall of an adjacent block. 10. The hollow building block according to claim 9, characterized in that each wall consists of two panels interconnected by adjacent surfaces displaced from one another with the formation of at least one face of this wall of the castle connection. 11. The hollow building block according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer and inner walls have different overall dimensions. 12. The construction hollow block according to claim 1, characterized in that the hollow block has at least one additional wall. 13. The hollow building block according to claim 12, characterized in that at least one additional wall has at least one overall dimension larger than the corresponding overall dimension of the block. 14. The hollow building block according to claim 12, characterized in that the faces of at least one wall are beveled. 15. The hollow building block according to claim 12, characterized in that additional reinforcing elements forming the fourth frame are placed inside the additional wall. 16. The hollow building block according to Claim 15, wherein the fourth frame has reinforcing latches fastening this frame to the spatial reinforcing block of the block. 17. The hollow building block according to claim 12, characterized in that additional elements of reinforcement are placed inside the at least one wall, forming at least one first additional part of the corresponding frame located outside it. 18. The hollow building block according to claim 17, characterized in that the first additional part of the corresponding frame has a length substantially equal to half the length of this frame. 19. The hollow building block according to claim 17, characterized in that the first additional parts of the opposite frames of the respective walls are fastened together by jumpers made of reinforcement elements. 20. The hollow building block according to claim 17, characterized in that the outer and inner walls have different overall dimensions, while the wall with a smaller overall dimension has a second additional part of the first frame located outside this wall and fastened to the first frame of the wall with a large overall size jumpers made of reinforcement elements. 21. The hollow building block according to claim 17, characterized in that the outer and inner walls have corresponding second additional parts of the first frames placed outside the respective walls and fastened with jumpers made of reinforcement elements. 22. The hollow building block according to item 21, wherein the second additional parts of the respective frames have a length substantially equal to half the length of these frames. 23. The hollow building block according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner wall is made along the length of two panels located at a distance, each of which contains the first frame, while the first frames of the two panels are fastened by additional reinforcement elements placed outside the panels. 24. The hollow building block according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the reinforcement elements and additional reinforcement elements are elements selected from the group: rods, tubes, profiles. 25. The hollow building block according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 23, characterized in that the reinforcing elements and additional reinforcing elements are made of a material selected from the group: metal, polymeric material, wood-based material. 26. The hollow building block according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 23, characterized in that the reinforcement elements and additional reinforcement elements are removable. 27. The hollow building block according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 23, characterized in that the reinforcement elements and additional reinforcement elements are prefabricated. 28. The hollow building block according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 23, characterized in that the reinforcement elements and additional reinforcement elements have reinforcing reinforcement. 29. The hollow building block according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer peripheral surfaces of the outer and inner walls are convex or concave. 30. The hollow building block according to claim 1 or 29, characterized in that a coating is made on the outer peripheral surface of the outer and / or inner wall.

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