RU2780989C1 - Method for forming nonlinear building structures from blocks and assembly of panels with curvature - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: buildings erection.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the erection of buildings from building blocks, providing high performance characteristics of the building with the possibility of mounting arched and domed structures. The rectilinear section of the building structure is formed from standard blocks made with a thermal structural part, to the longitudinal side wall of which jumpers are mounted, connecting the thermal structural part with the outer wall of the typical block and forming internal channels between the walls of the thermal structural part facing each other and the outer wall of the typical block. A curvilinear section of a building structure with a given curvature is formed in blocks for panels with curvature, made with a thermal structural part, where the base is a prism, to the small longitudinal side wall of which jumpers are mounted connecting the thermal structural part with the outer wall of the block and forming internal channels between the walls facing each other the heat-constructive part and the outer wall of the block. The joints of the straight sections of the building structure in the corners are formed by corner blocks connecting the straight sections formed from standard blocks. Corner blocks are made in the form of a monolithic block in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, equipped with a connecting groove having an L-shaped shape. Partitions inside the building structure are formed by partition blocks formed by two longitudinal, parallel external walls, interconnected by bridges, forming an internal channel of the panel between the said external walls. The blocks are interconnected by reinforcement laid in the internal channels of the panel and loops mounted on the reinforcement, with further filling of the internal channels with a hardened mixture to form a rigid frame.

EFFECT: providing the possibility of forming a stable supporting structure of buildings with a projected curvature of surfaces from building blocks.

4 cl, 13 dwg

Description

The method of forming non-linear building structures from blocks and mounting panels with curvature is intended for erecting buildings from building blocks that provide high performance characteristics of the building with the possibility of mounting arched and domed structures [E04C1/00, E04C1/40, E04B2/00].

A BUILDING MATERIAL [CA20203077533, 03/31/2020] is known from the prior art, which in one embodiment provides an environmentally friendly building material formed from a mixture of shredded paper, sawdust, including hemp dust, and glue. The building material can take any number of common forms such as tiles, tiles, blocks and bricks. In some embodiments, the building material further comprises a binder such as cement and/or a filler such as sand. The disadvantage of this prototype is that it does not address the issues of the physical characteristics of the resulting building material, as well as the stability of various building forms obtained from this material, to the effects of various natural and climatic factors.

Also known from the prior art are Blow molded plastic blocks for the construction of prefabricated walls and floors [BR202020001258 (U2), 08/03/2021] used for the construction of prefabricated walls and slabs. Blow molded plastic blocks for building prefabricated walls and slabs are hollow plastic parts made by plastic extrusion and formatted in blow molds, the walls are of variable thickness from 0.6 to 8mm or other sizes, easy to handle and use. Blow molded plastic blocks are filled with aggregates that are used in the construction of non-structural function walls and prefabricated truss slabs, replacing traditional cement blocks, ceramic tiles and ceramic blocks with great economic, temporal, environmental and structural benefits. Blow molded plastic blocks require no adhesive or special tools to assemble, so there is no need to wait for drying or curing. Their shape fits into concave and convex corner shapes to facilitate wall mounting and improve mechanical strength. External surfaces with corrugations and a thin layer of cement, mortar or sand applied during the production process provide greater adhesion of the mortar or concrete to the blown plastic blocks. Walls with blown plastic blocks are mounted on rebar with transverse support rods drilled for quick installation and assembly, made of sheet metal, fastened with rebar or wire with a diameter of more than 3.2 mm, parallel and equidistant. they cannot be used as structural walls or supports. The disadvantage of this prototype is that these blocks cannot be used as structural walls or supports, and the fastening of these blocks requires steel reinforcement.

The closest in technical essence is the MANUFACTURED WALL BLOCK WITH IMPROVED FALSE CONNECTION [US2021299918 (A1), 09/30/21], which includes a body having a first textured surface and a second textured surface, as well as a false connection separating the first and second textured surfaces . A false seam can have a depth divided by a width of more than two inches. The internal false articulation angle can be less than ten degrees. The system includes a plurality of retaining wall blocks and a first row of retaining wall blocks cooperating with a second row of retaining wall blocks below. Each block in the system contains a front surface having a first textured surface and a second textured surface, as well as a false connection separating the first and second textured surfaces. False seam can increase the specified depth of the third surface.

The technical problem of the prototype is that in this technical solution there are no channels for laying reinforcement and channels for laying communications.

The technical result of the invention is to provide the possibility of forming a stable supporting structure of buildings with a projected curvature of surfaces from building blocks.

The claimed technical result is achieved due to the fact that the method of forming non-linear building structures from blocks and mounting panels with curvature, characterized by the interconnection of building blocks made of composite materials having a thermal structural part, characterized in that a straight section of the building structure is formed from standard blocks made with a thermal structural part formed by longitudinal and transverse side walls in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped without upper and lower faces, jumpers are mounted to the longitudinal side wall, connecting the thermal structural part with the outer wall of the typical block and forming internal channels between the walls of the thermal structural part facing each other and the outer wall standard block, standard blocks are interconnected by reinforcement laid in the internal channels of the panel and loops mounted on the reinforcement, with further filling of the internal channels with a hardening mixture for formation of a rigid frame; a curvilinear section of a building structure with a given curvature is formed by blocks for panels with curvature, made with a heat-constructive part, where the base is a prism, while the angle of inclination of the sides of the prism to the bases is set by the projected curvature of the building in the horizontal plane, and the angle of inclination of the side faces of the prism to its base is set by the designed curvature of the building in the vertical plane, jumpers are mounted to the small longitudinal side wall of the prism, connecting the thermal structural part with the outer wall of the block and forming internal channels between the walls of the thermal structural part facing each other and the outer wall of the block, blocks for panels with curvature are interconnected by reinforcement , laid in the internal channels of the panel and loops mounted on the reinforcement, with further filling of the internal channels with a hardened mixture to form a rigid frame; the joints of the straight sections of the building structure in the corners are formed by corner blocks connecting the straight sections formed from standard blocks, while the mentioned corner blocks are made in the form of a monolithic block in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, equipped with a connecting groove having an L-shaped shape, the width of each of the sections of which coincides with the width of the internal channels of adjacent standard blocks, the corner blocks are connected with standard fittings of the panel laid in the internal channels and loops mounted on the fittings, with further filling of the internal channels with a hardened mixture to form a rigid frame; partitions inside the building structure are formed by partition blocks formed by two longitudinal, parallel outer walls, interconnected by jumpers, forming an internal channel of the panel between the mentioned outer walls, the partition blocks are connected by reinforcement laid in the internal channels and loops mounted on the reinforcement, with further filling of the internal channels with a hardened mixture to form a rigid frame.

In particular, the cavity inside the heat-constructive part is filled with a heat-insulating material.

In particular, the cavity inside the thermally structural part can be filled with a thermally insulating material used to form the panels.

In particular, engineering networks are laid in the internal channels of the panel.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of a typical block.

In FIG. 2 shows a general view of the block for panels with curvature.

In FIG. 3 shows a general view of the corner block.

In FIG. 4 shows a general view of the partition block.

In FIG. 5 shows the main elements of a typical block (front view and top view).

Figure 6 shows the main elements of the block for panels with curvature (front view and top view).

In FIG. 7 shows the main elements of the partition block (front view, top view).

In FIG. 8 shows the main elements of the mounted panel.

In FIG. 9 shows a general view of the fastening loop.

In FIG. 10 shows the main elements of the gasket inside the panel.

In FIG. 11 shows a variant of mounting blocks for panels with curvature in an arched structure.

In FIG. 12 shows a variant of mounting blocks for panels with curvature in a toroidal structure.

In FIG. 13 shows an embodiment of a building structure having both linear and non-linear building panels.

Figures 1-12 indicate: 1 - typical block, 2 - block for panels with curvature,
3 - corner block, 4 - partition block, 5 - heat construction part,
6 - jumpers, 7 - outer wall of the block, 8 - vertical angle of curvature,
9 - horizontal angle of curvature, 10 - internal channel, 11 - fastening loop,
12 - flexible plastic fittings, 13 - cable channels, 14 - pipeline, 15 - frame.

Implementation of the invention

The invention is intended for mounting panels used in the construction of buildings and structures, including arched and domed structures.

Panels are formed from standard blocks 1, blocks for panels with curvature 2, corner blocks 3 and partition blocks 4.

The rectilinear section of the building structure is formed from typical blocks 1, made with a heat-structural part 5, formed by longitudinal and transverse side walls in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped without upper and lower faces, jumpers 6 are mounted to the longitudinal side wall, connecting the heat-structural part 5 with the outer wall of the typical block 7 and forming internal channels 10 between the walls of the heat-structural part 5 facing each other and the outer wall of the typical block 7.

The curvilinear section of the building structure with a given curvature is formed by blocks for panels with a curvature 2, made with a heat-constructive part 5, where the base is a prism. In this case, the vertical angle of curvature 8 of the lateral faces of the prism to its base is set by the projected curvature of the building in the vertical plane, and the horizontal angle of curvature 9 of the sides of the prism to the bases is set by the projected curvature of the building in the horizontal plane, jumpers 6 are mounted to the small longitudinal side wall of the prism, connecting the heat-construction part 5 with the outer wall of the block 7 and forming internal channels 10 between the walls of the heat-structural part 5 facing each other and the outer wall of the block 7. Straight sections of the building structure and curved sections of the building structure, formed from standard blocks 1 and blocks for panels with curvature 2, respectively, interconnected by fastening loops 11, mounted on fittings 12, laid in the internal channels 10, cable channels 13 for laying electrical networks and pipelines 14, with further filling of the internal channels with a hardenable mixture to form a hard carcass asa 15. The joints of the rectilinear sections of the building structure in the corners are formed by corner blocks 3 connecting the rectilinear sections formed from standard blocks 1, while the mentioned corner blocks 3 are made in the form of a monolithic block in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, equipped with a joining groove having an L-shaped shape , the width of each of the sections of which coincides with the width of the internal channels of adjacent standard blocks 1, the corner blocks 3 are connected to other blocks with reinforcement 12, laid in the internal channels 10 of the panel and loops 11, mounted on the reinforcement, with further filling of the internal channels with a hardening mixture to form a rigid frame 15. Partitions inside the building structure are formed by partition blocks 4, formed by two longitudinal, parallel external walls 7, interconnected by jumpers 6, forming an internal channel 10 of the panel between the said external walls, the partition blocks are connected by reinforcement and 12, laid in the internal channels 10 and loops 11, mounted on the reinforcement 12, with further filling of the internal channels with a hardenable mixture to form a rigid frame 15.

The invention is used as follows

Construction panels are mounted either at the construction company or directly on the construction site using special molding equipment. Wood concrete is used as the main material for the formation of blocks. At the same time, for molding building panels I use four types of blocks. Typical block 1 (figure 1), block for panels with curvature 2 (figure 2), corner block 3 (figure 3) and partition block 4 (figure 4). The cavity inside the heat-constructive part 5 is filled with a heat-insulating material. Alternatively, the cavity inside the thermally structural part 5 can be filled with a thermally insulating material used to form the panels. The dimensions and configuration of the panel depend on the transport and load-handling capabilities of the construction equipment at the disposal of the construction company that installs the panels and the building as a whole. Installation of structures consists in building a block structure from standard blocks 1, filling, as an option, the heat-construction part 5 with heat-insulating material, laying in the internal channels of the panel formed by the walls of the heat-construction part 5 facing each other and jumpers 6, flexible plastic fittings 12, cable channels 13 for laying the electrical network, pipelines 14. The installation of the panel is completed by laying the fastening loops 11 and filling the vertical channels 10 with a hardening mixture to form a rigid frame 15.

When mounting the panel, the internal channels 10 inside the wall panel (Fig. 8) are formed by standard blocks 1 and partition blocks 4 placed one above the other. . Also, fastening loops 11 are used when fastening the panels that make up the wall. Building panels mounted from standard blocks 1 and partition blocks 4 contain vertical channels 10 and horizontal channels formed by the grooves of standard blocks 1 and partition blocks 4. Internal channels 10 are used for mounting flexible plastic fittings 12 (Fig.8, 10), mounting cable channels 13 in the panel for laying the electrical network and pipelines 14 that create an engineering network, as well as for filling with a hardenable mixture to form a rigid frame 15.

To create panels with curvature, blocks for panels with curvature 2 are used (figure 2). The panels are formed after preliminary calculations of the vertical angles of curvature 8 and horizontal angles of curvature 9, which take into account the overall dimensions of the building and the geometric dimensions of the building blocks. Accordingly, for the installation of panels with curvature for arched structures, blocks for panels with curvature 2 with only vertical angles of curvature 7 are used, and for the installation of dome structures, blocks for panels with curvature 2 with vertical angles of curvature 7 and with horizontal angles of curvature 8 are used.

As an example of the implementation of the invention, it is proposed to consider the construction of a structure having both linear and non-linear panels (see Fig. 13). This building structure can be called a high arch. Most often, such structures are used to create entrance portals in administrative and public buildings. It can be seen from the figure that this design consists of two parts. The lower part of the structure is formed from two parallel vertical walls, in the construction of which standard blocks 1 are used. The upper part of the structure is formed from blocks for panels with curvature 2. The parts of the structure are fastened using flexible plastic reinforcement 12 and a rigid frame 15.

This technical result is achieved due to the fact that special molding modes allow the formation of typical building blocks with specified vertical and horizontal angles of curvature, flexible plastic reinforcement provides the necessary stability of the structure, which allows mounting panels for arched and domed structures.

The technical result of using the invention is to provide the possibility of forming a stable supporting structure of buildings with a projected curvature of surfaces from building blocks, for the construction of buildings with arched and domed structures, which allows:

• expand architectural possibilities in the design of buildings;

• increase the comfort of living inside the building.

Claims (4)

1. A method for forming non-linear building structures from blocks and mounting panels with curvature, characterized by interconnecting building blocks made of composite materials having a thermal structural part, characterized in that the straight section of the building structure is formed from standard blocks made with a thermal structural part formed by longitudinal and transverse side walls in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped without upper and lower faces, jumpers are mounted to the longitudinal side wall, connecting the heat-structural part with the outer wall of the typical block and forming internal channels between the walls of the heat-structural part facing each other and the outer wall of the typical block, typical blocks are connected between a reinforcement laid in the internal channels of the panel and loops mounted on the reinforcement, with further filling of the internal channels with a hardened mixture to form a rigid frame; a curvilinear section of a building structure with a given curvature is formed by blocks for panels with curvature, made with a heat-constructive part, where the base is a prism, while the angle of inclination of the sides of the prism to the bases is set by the projected curvature of the building in the horizontal plane, and the angle of inclination of the side faces of the prism to its base is set by the designed curvature of the building in the vertical plane, jumpers are mounted to the small longitudinal side wall of the prism, connecting the thermal structural part with the outer wall of the block and forming internal channels between the walls of the thermal structural part facing each other and the outer wall of the block, blocks for panels with curvature are interconnected by reinforcement , laid in the internal channels of the panel and loops mounted on the reinforcement, with further filling of the internal channels with a hardened mixture to form a rigid frame; the joints of the straight sections of the building structure in the corners are formed by corner blocks connecting the straight sections formed from standard blocks, while the mentioned corner blocks are made in the form of a monolithic block in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, equipped with a connecting groove having an L-shaped shape, the width of each of the sections of which coincides with the width of the internal channels of the adjoining standard blocks, the corner blocks are connected to the standard blocks with reinforcement laid in the internal channels of the panel and loops mounted on the reinforcement, with further filling of the internal channels with a hardening mixture to form a rigid frame; partitions inside the building structure are formed by partition blocks formed by two longitudinal, parallel outer walls, interconnected by jumpers, forming an internal channel of the panel between the said outer walls, the partition blocks are connected by reinforcement laid in the internal channels of the panel and loops mounted on the reinforcement, with further filling the internal channels with a hardenable mixture to form a rigid frame. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cavity inside the heat-constructive part is filled with a heat-insulating material. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cavity inside the heat-constructive part is filled with a heat-insulating material used for molding panels. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that engineering networks are laid in the internal channels of the panel.

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