RU2334064C1 - Set of formwork - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to the sphere of construction. Set of formwork contains panels and links for their connection. On internal surfaces of panels on their sides there are at least two protrusions made in the shape of half of "dovetail" and widened to the bottom, which are installed on the same vertical line in their top and bottom parts. On front surface of panels along the edge in the top part and one lateral side there are slots arranged, and in bottom part and opposite lateral side there are protrusions arranged that correspond to slots. Links that have the form of parallelepiped, on the end surfaces of which there are protrusions made in the form of "dovetail". Set is additionally equipped with adapters in the form of parallelepiped, from one side of which through slot is arranged in the form of "dovetail", shape and dimensions of which correspond to protrusions on assembled panels, and from the opposite side there is blind slot arranged in the form of "dovetail", shape and dimensions of which correspond to protrusions in links.

EFFECT: simplification of formwork design, reduction of labour expenditures and cost of its production and installation.

6 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, namely to the construction of walls using formwork, and can be used in monolithic frame individual construction in the construction of residential, industrial and economic facilities.

A building block is known, consisting of two longitudinal walls interconnected by transverse bridges with hollow channels made of cast sand concrete mixtures in metal form (RF patent No. 2104374, IPC 6 EV 2/02, published on 02.10.1998).

Blocks are made in the factory. Then these plates, which are actually a set of fixed formwork, are delivered to the construction site, where they are installed. After their installation, the space between the plates is poured with heat-insulating material and only after it hardens do the finishing operations: plastering, whitewashing, painting, etc.

The design drawback is the presence in the blocks of the formwork of massive bulkheads made of concrete, i.e. material with relatively high thermal conductivity. As a result, the block of fixed formwork cannot serve as a reliable heat insulator and keep heat in the room due to the presence of heat-conducting elements (jumpers) in it. In addition, the possibility of varying the thickness of the walls constructed from the blocks due to the use of jumpers of various lengths is excluded.

Transportation of essentially hollow blocks from the factory to the construction site is fraught with the danger of damage to the blocks, as well as with an increase in construction costs.

The finishing work of the panels themselves at the construction site requires significant costs and increases the construction time of the facilities. Moreover, during the operation of the facilities, it is sometimes necessary to carry out cosmetic repairs due to the fact that over time the whitewash is crumbled, the paint is peeled off, the plaster lags behind the concrete slabs. All this negatively affects the operation of the building, structure.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a set of fixed formwork for erecting walls of a building, structure (RF patent No. 2270302, IPC Е04С 1/00, published 02.20.2006), including external and internal blocks molded from thermoplastic composite and plate jumpers for connection outdoor and indoor units among themselves. In this case, each outdoor and indoor unit is made with a dovetail protrusion vertically located on one of the end surfaces and accordingly with a mating dovetail groove to the other. The surfaces of the outer and inner blocks facing each other are made with vertically arranged rows of alternating grooves and protrusions in the form of a dovetail over the entire height of the block. On the upper surface of each block, cavities are made that are open at the top and limited by the side walls, respectively, of the internal and the internal and external on the external blocks. The depth of the cavities is made not less than the thickness of the lamellar bridges located in them. Lamellar jumpers have holes at the ends for vertically arranged protrusions formed on the cavity side. The height of the protrusions exceeds the depth of the cavity, and on the opposite, lower surface of each block, blind holes are aligned with it. The depth of the blind holes exceeds the height of the protrusions. On the front surface side, the outdoor units are made with a longitudinally chamfered face in its upper part and a longitudinally located protrusion in its lower part to overlap the joint plane below the placed block.

The well-known formwork kit allows you to reduce construction time, reduce the cost of construction, as well as simplify construction work, because a set of fixed formwork allows you to reduce significant costs for the finishing work of the walls of the building, structures after their construction. Moreover, after construction during the operation of the building, the structure will not be required to carry out cosmetic repairs. Considering that recycled material is used for the manufacture of polymer-sand blocks, this will dramatically reduce the cost and simplify the construction and operation of buildings and structures. In addition, the use of jumpers of different lengths allows you to vary the width of the walls being erected.

But, despite the advantages listed above, the set of fixed formwork described above, which is the prototype of the claimed invention, it has an important drawback. This disadvantage is that the inner and outer panels have a complex structure. Their production requires a complex mold, which affects the complexity and cost of formwork. The presence of cylindrical protrusions complicates the process of transporting blocks to the construction site, as there is a chance of damage.

The objective of the invention is to simplify the design of formwork.

The problem is achieved due to the fact that in the formwork kit containing panels and jumpers for their connection, at least two protrusions in the form of half dovetail extending downward, placed on one vertical in their upper and lower parts, on the front surface of the panels along the edge in the upper part and one side, grooves are made, and in the lower part and opposite side are protrusions corresponding to the grooves, jumpers are made in de parallelepiped, on the end surfaces of which protrusions are made in the form of a dovetail, the kit is additionally equipped with adapters made in the form of a parallelepiped, on one side of which there is a through groove in the form of a dovetail, the shape and dimensions of which correspond to the protrusions on the panels assembly, and with the opposite a blind groove is made in the form of a dovetail, the shape and dimensions of which correspond to protrusions on the jumpers.

At least two protrusions in the form of a dovetail, expanding downward, placed on one vertical line in the upper and lower parts of the panels, can be additionally made on the inner surfaces of the panels in their middle part.

Jumpers can be provided with through holes.

The kit can be additionally equipped with an outer corner panel, on the inner surface of which from the side of the side (end) surfaces in the upper and lower parts on the same vertical, at least two protrusions are made in the form of half a dovetail, corresponding in shape and size to the protrusions of the panels, and on the outer surface of the panel in its upper part and from the side of one of the side surfaces along the edge of the panel, a groove is made along the entire length, and in the lower part of the panel and from the side opposite the side surface along the edge of the panel, Full the entire length of the projection corresponding in size and shape to the grooves and ridges of the outer panel, and an angular adapter, the outer surfaces of which grooves are made through the dovetail, widening downwardly, the shape and dimensions of which correspond to the protrusions on the cover assembly.

In addition, the set of fixed formwork can be additionally equipped with a second angular adapter, on the outer surfaces of which grooves are made in the form of a dovetail, the shape and dimensions of which correspond to protrusions on the jumpers, and on the internal surfaces are made through grooves in the form of half a dovetail, corresponding to the dimensions and shaped ledges in panels.

Formwork elements can be made of thermoplastic composite.

The inventive set of fixed formwork for the erection of the walls of a building, structure is illustrated graphically, where

figure 1 shows the formwork assembly (axonometry),

figure 2 - panel formwork (views from the front and inner sides);

figure 3 - jumper;

figure 4 - adapter;

figure 5 - corner panel (views from the front and inner sides);

figure 6 - the first angular adapter;

in Fig.7 - the second corner adapter.

The formwork set consists of 2 panels - outer 1 and inner 2, jumpers 3, adapters 4, corner panels 5, corner adapters 6 and 7, made of polymer-sand composition. On the inner surface of each outer 1 and inner 2 panels are made: two protrusions 8 in the form of a dovetail, expanding downward and located in the middle of the panels on the same vertical line in the upper and lower parts of panels 1 and 2, and 2 protrusions 9 in the form of half a dovetail located at the edges of panels 1 and 2 on the same vertical line in the upper and lower parts of the panels, on the front surface of panels 1 and 2 along the edge in the upper part and one side, grooves 11 are made, and in the lower part and opposite side are made corresponding grooves 11 protrusions 10, which serve to overlap the joint plane between the panels during the installation of formwork.

The jumpers 3 are made in the form of a parallelepiped, on the end surfaces of which there are protrusions 12 in the form of a dovetail, and equipped with through holes 13.

To fasten the panels to each other, the set is equipped with adapters 4 having the shape of a parallelepiped, on one side of which a through groove 14 is made in the form of a dovetail, expanding downward, the shape and dimensions of which correspond to protrusions 8 and protrusions 9 on panels 1 and 2 assembly, and with on the opposite side there is a blind groove 15 in the form of a dovetail, the shape and dimensions of which correspond to the protrusions 12 on the jumpers 3.

To form the outer corner of the wall, the kit is equipped with an outer corner panel 5, on the inner surface of which from the side of the side (end) surfaces in the upper and lower parts, protrusions 16 are made on the same vertical as half a dovetail, and on the outer surface of the panel 5 in its upper part and from the side of one of the side surfaces, a groove 17 is made along the entire length, and a protrusion 18 is made along the entire length of the panel and from the side of the opposite side surface, corresponding in size and shape to the protrusions 10 and the grooves 11 panels 1 and 2, and an angular adapter 6, on the outer surfaces of which are made through grooves 19 in the form of a dovetail, expanding downwards, in size and shape corresponding to the protrusions 9 and protrusions 16 on the panels 2 and 5 in the assembly.

For fastening the inner panels 1, located at an angle to each other, the kit is equipped with a second corner adapter 7, on the inside of which there are made through grooves 20 in the form of half a dovetail, expanding downward, corresponding to the size and shape of the protrusions 9 of the panels 1 and 2, and outer surfaces - blind grooves 21 in the form of a dovetail, the shape and dimensions of which correspond to the protrusions 12 on the jumpers 3.

All elements of the kit can be molded not only from a thermoplastic composite, for example a polymer-sand mass, but from any polymer mass, where materials such as sand, ash from thermal power plants, bricks of brick, glass, sawdust, wood, straw are used as filler , fruit pits, crushed expanded clay, etc.

The method of erecting the walls of a building, structure using the above formwork kit is as follows. First, according to generally accepted technology, the foundation is poured. Fittings are installed and fixed into the flooded foundation, in particular vertical pins. Then, after the foundation has hardened, the outer panels 1 are installed and fastened together using a dovetail adapter, putting adapters 4 on the protrusions 9 of the first and second outer panels 1, and then on the protrusions 9 of the second and third outer panels 1 and so on to the first row external panels 1 formwork. The outer corner of the wall is formed using the corner element 5, connecting it to the outer panels 1 using an adapter in the form of a dovetail, putting the adapter 6 on the protrusions 9 of the panels 1 and the protrusions 16 of the corner panel 5.

After that, at a predetermined distance from the outer panels 1, the first row of already inner panels 2 is installed and fastened to each other also with the help of dovetail adapters. The fastening is carried out in the same way as the fastening of the first row of the outer panels 1, putting the adapters 4 on the tabs 9 of the previous and next panels and so on until the last block, limiting the length of the wall. The fixing of the inner panels 2 in the place of their connection at an angle is carried out using an angular adapter 7, putting on the grooves 20 of the adapter 7 on the protrusions 9 of the inner panels 2.

After that, each first row of the outer 1 and inner 2 panels is fastened together by a jumper 3 with holes 12. In this case, the protrusions 12 of the jumper 3 are installed in the grooves 15 of the adapters 4 and the grooves 21 of the adapters 7.

After that, the second row is installed and fastened to the first row of external panels 1 with the help of adapters in the form of a dovetail by analogy with the first. In this case, the outer panels 1 of the second row are simultaneously fixed using dovetail adapters with the outer panels 1 of the first row, putting adapters 4 on the protrusions 8 and 9 of the panels 1 and adapters 6 on the protrusions 9 and 16 of the panels 1 and 5, respectively. Then, on the first row of already inner panels 2, they are installed and fastened with adapters in the form of a dovetail, their second row is similar to the first, putting adapters 4 on the protrusions 8 and 9 of panels 2. Next, the second row of outer 1 and inner 2 polymer-sand panels are fastened between each other with jumpers 3.

After that, similar to installing the second row of external 1 and internal 2 panels, as well as fixing them with each other by jumpers 3, install the external 1 and internal 2 panels of the third, fourth and so on rows, until the specified wall height is reached

After installing each row, the interior space between the panels is poured either with concrete or foam concrete, and then the proposed formwork design will be a fixed formwork, or the interior space between the panels is filled with sand, expanded clay and other bulk material. In this case, the erected building will be a collapsible structure, which will allow using the formwork kit repeatedly.

The proposed set of formwork will reduce labor costs and the cost of its production and installation at the construction site, simplify the actual installation, and use unskilled labor in the construction. The erection of the walls of a building, structure using a formwork kit made of thermoplastic composite will reduce significant costs for the finishing work of the walls themselves both inside and outside the building, structures after their construction. Moreover, after construction, during the operation of the building, the building will not be required to carry out cosmetic repairs due to the fact that over time the whitewash has crumbled, the paint is peeled off, the polymer plaster lags behind the blocks and, thus, all this will not adversely affect the operation of the building, facilities. Considering that recycled material is used for the manufacture of formwork from thermoplastic composite, this will make it possible to drastically reduce the cost of both construction and operation of buildings and structures. In addition, the manufacture of formwork elements from thermoplastic composite allows the use of formwork in the construction of structures in aggressive environments. The proposed formwork design helps reduce the cost of transporting the formwork by eliminating the transport of “empty air”, as well as saving building materials due to the possibility of reusing the formwork kit (if the space between the panels is filled with bulk material). All this ultimately significantly reduces and reduces the cost of the process of building buildings.

Claims (6)

1. A set of formwork containing panels and jumpers for their connection, characterized in that on the inner surfaces of the panels on the sides of the panels are made of at least two protrusions in the form of half dovetail, expanding downward, placed on one vertical in their upper and the lower parts, on the front surface of the panels along the edge in the upper part and one side, grooves are made, and in the lower part and opposite side are protrusions corresponding to the grooves, the jumpers are parallelepiped-shaped, on the end the surfaces of which are made dovetail protrusions, the kit is additionally equipped with adapters made in the form of a parallelepiped, on one side of which there is a through groove in the form of a dovetail, the shape and dimensions of which correspond to the protrusions on the panels assembly, and on the opposite side there is a blind groove in the form of a dovetail, the shape and dimensions of which correspond to protrusions on the jumpers. 2. The formwork kit according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two protrusions in the form of a dovetail, expanding downward, placed on one vertical in the upper and lower parts of the panels, are additionally made on the inner surfaces of the panels in their middle part. 3. The formwork kit according to claim 1, characterized in that the jumpers are provided with through holes. 4. The formwork kit according to claim 1, characterized in that it is further provided with an outer corner panel, on the inner surface of which at least two protrusions in the form of half a dovetail are made on the side of the side surfaces in the upper and lower parts on the same vertical corresponding in shape and size to the protrusions of the panels, and on the outer surface of the panel in its upper part and on the side of one of the side surfaces, grooves are made along the entire length, and in the lower part of the panel and on the side opposite the side surface, enes on the entire length of projections corresponding in size and shape of the grooves and ridges of the outer panel, and an angular adapter, the outer surfaces of which grooves are made through the dovetail, widening downwardly, the shape and dimensions of which correspond to the protrusions on the cover assembly. 5. The formwork kit according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a second angular adapter, on the outer surfaces of which grooves are made in the form of a dovetail, the shape and dimensions of which correspond to protrusions on the jumpers, and on the inner surfaces are made through grooves in the form of half dovetail. 6. The formwork kit according to claim 1, characterized in that the formwork elements are made of thermoplastic composite.

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