RU130332U1 - BLOCK FORMWORK FOR CONSTRUCTION OF WALLS OF BUILDINGS AND FOUNDATIONS - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Block fixed formwork for the construction of walls of buildings and foundations, containing two opposite panels, made of porous insulating material, fastened with plastic lintels and forming a space between them for mounting reinforcement and filling with concrete mixture, characterized in that the plastic lintels are installed in two rows in the lower and upper zones of the outer and inner panels, and in the lower zone are installed in smaller steps than in the upper, along the upper and lower end faces in the body of the outer and the inner panels are made vertical T-shaped slots, and the slots on the outer and inner panels are strictly opposite to each other, through the slots in the inside of the block, the ends of the outer and inner panels have protrusions (ridges) of rectangular cross section, and on the opposite side there are recesses (grooves corresponding to them) ) for tight connection in the "castle" with adjacent panels, with protrusions (ridges) provided with the upper ends of the outer and inner panels, and recesses (grooves) provided with the lower ends, the side ends of the outer and Cored oil panels, and with one side provided with a crest, and on the opposite side of the corresponding rectangular groove secheniya.2. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that the plastic jumper consists of end plates located perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, interconnected by a plastic partition in which structural holes are made, the inner end plate on one side has a radial surface for the most tight connection with the inner surface panels, and on the contour of the upper belt with reb

Description

The utility model relates to ground construction and can be used in the construction of insulated reinforced concrete walls of residential and civil buildings using fixed formwork.

Recently, new technologies have come to the construction industry. And one of them is the use of fixed formwork made of polystyrene foam. According to this technology, the walls are assembled from hollow blocks, the material for which is lightweight, waterproof polystyrene foam. Blocks are joined together like designer parts, after which they are reinforced from the inside and poured with concrete, like a regular formwork. But unlike metal or plywood formwork, polystyrene foam blocks are not dismantled after concreting, but remain as an integral element of the wall structure. Expanded polystyrene formwork has a very low thermal conductivity, that is, it can serve as an excellent insulation.

Fixed formwork made of expanded polystyrene allows you to save both building materials and labor of workers - because the number of necessary technological processes is reduced. Firstly, it is not necessary to dismantle the formwork after setting concrete, and secondly, it is not necessary to additionally mount the insulation. Fixed formwork also has other positive qualities:

- The total cost and construction time of buildings is reduced.

- Two to three times lower costs for heating and air conditioning of the building.

- The useful area of the premises is increasing by reducing the thickness of the outer walls.

- Ready-to-finish heat and sound insulation for exterior walls.

- The possibility of winter construction, without additional costs for heating concrete.

- Reducing the cost of installing lightweight foundations by reducing the weight of lightweight load-bearing walls.

- Expanded polystyrene is an environmentally friendly material, it is not radioactive and does not contain carcinogens.

- Expanded polystyrene does not cause allergies, it is not susceptible to decay and does not contribute to the multiplication of microorganisms.

- There is no need to dismantle the wall formwork, simplified maintenance of concrete.

- The ability to build buildings without the use of expensive and heavy construction equipment.

- The possibility of building buildings in the cramped conditions of the existing dense urban development.

- Ease of finishing work on finished and smooth wall surfaces.

- Simplicity of design, allows you to build a cottage or garage with your own hands, without the involvement of a specialized organization.

- Possibility of use in the reconstruction of old buildings and for the superstructure of attic floors.

- The risk of serious injuries when working with fixed polystyrene foam formwork is reduced.

- The simplicity of processing expanded polystyrene makes it possible to conveniently lay internal engineering communications in the walls of buildings.

- The invariability of the properties and form of polystyrene foam for the entire period of operation of the building does not swell, does not sit, does not change in size.

- Resistance to aging, durability of the constructed buildings.

- Construction technology protects nature, allows you to limit the consumption of forest and natural resources.

The range of applications for fixed formwork is wide enough. If the traditional technology for building buildings from reinforced concrete gives maximum profitability in the construction of multi-storey buildings, as well as other large objects (for example, factory shops), then the technology using expanded polystyrene fixed formwork can seriously compete in low-rise construction - in the construction of cottages, rural houses, cottages, garages, shops, pools, insulated warehouses and the like.

The thermal insulation properties of polystyrene blocks are such that the heating costs in a building constructed in this way are reduced by two to three times compared with the same brick building. And for the external and internal decoration of such buildings, any cladding materials are suitable, both traditional and new - from artificial stone and cladding brick to siding and decorative decoration. Foreign experience shows that the technology of fixed formwork is beneficial in terms of maintaining a comfortable temperature inside the building in all climatic zones. In cold weather, it allows you to reduce heating costs, and in the heat - to spend less energy on air conditioning. This technology is especially relevant for our country, in a significant part of the territory of which there is a continental climate with cold winters and hot summers.

A known block of fixed formwork (RU 2293162 C1, IPC Е04В 2/86, 2007), containing two panels in the form of plates of polymer insulating porous material, which is used as polystyrene foam, installed opposite each other and interconnected by jumpers. The jumpers are made of polypropylene in the form of loops fixed on opposite panels with fingers passing through the holes of the intermediate elements, each of which is connected to the hinges of one panel on one side and the second panel on the other. Thus, the panels located on opposite sides describe the opposite sides of the rectangular parallelepiped of a fixed formwork block. The panels of each block are interconnected by several jumpers. The jumper loops on the outside have wide caps to prevent the destruction of polystyrene panels. The rods of paired blocks can be used to fix the position of the blocks relative to each other.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the high labor costs in the manufacture of panels and the installation of blocks, due to the complex hinged design of the jumper, the need to very carefully install the panels, which is very laborious and inconvenient.

The closest technical solution is the design of fixed formwork (RF patent No. 58572, IPC EV 04/28, publ. 11/27/2006). Fixed formwork, made in the form of a block containing two opposed plates made of porous insulating material, fastened with jumpers and forming a space between themselves for mounting the reinforcement and filling it with hardening fluid material.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the unreliability of the connection of the panels, due to the design of the bridge, the presence of through vertical slots in the panels, which can lead to leakage of cement milk during concreting, as well as the high height of the bridge with a solid cross section and the inconvenience of mounting the unit.

The technical task of the utility model is to reduce labor costs during installation, eliminate heat losses in the wall, increase the reliability and uniformity of the block of fixed formwork.

The technical result obtained in solving the problem is expressed in simplifying the manufacturing process of formwork elements, the strength of the connection of individual panels along horizontal and vertical surfaces, reducing labor costs when installing blocks, reducing heat loss, using a unified block of fixed formwork.

The problem is solved in that the proposed design of the block of fixed formwork consists of two opposite panels (external and internal) made of porous heat-insulating material (polystyrene foam, extruded polystyrene foam, NEOPOR or others) and fastened together by plastic jumpers installed in two row, in the lower and upper zones of the panels with a certain step, providing structural rigidity and geometric immutability of the block and forming between the panels of spaces Mounting of fittings and concreting. At the same time, plastic jumpers are installed in the lower zone of the panels with a smaller step than the upper zone. This is due to the fact that in the lower part of the block the load from the concrete mixture during its laying and compaction is higher than in the upper part of the block.

The outer and inner panels of the fixed formwork block are made by molding or by contour cutting with a heated string. The thickness of the outer panel depends on the climatic region at the place of construction of the building and is determined by the heat engineering calculation. The distance between the outer and inner panels is 150 mm, this is the thickness of the future monolithic reinforced concrete wall of the building.

Vertical T-shaped slots are made along the upper and lower end faces in the body of the outer and inner panels, with a depth equal to the height of the outer end plate of the plastic bridge, and the slots on the outer and inner panels are strictly opposite to each other, through the slots into the inside of the block.

The ends of the outer and inner panels have protrusions (ridges) of a rectangular cross section, and on the opposite side, recesses (grooves) corresponding to them, for tight connection to the “lock” with adjacent panels, and the upper ends of the outer and inner panels are provided with protrusions (ridges), and recesses (grooves) are provided with lower ends. The lateral ends of the outer and inner panels are also provided on one side with a protrusion (ridge), and on the opposite side with a recess (groove) of the corresponding rectangular section.

The plastic jumper is made of plastic (polypropylene, polyethylene, low pressure polyethylene or other materials) by plastic pressing.

The design of the plastic bridge consists of end plates located perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, which are designed to tightly fix the bridge in the body of the panel. The inner end plate on one side has a radial surface for the most tight connection with the inner surface of the panels. Plastic jumpers are inserted into the T-shaped slots "in tightness", due to the radial surface on the inner end plate.

The design of the plastic bridge provides slots for laying horizontal reinforcement, which provide the necessary protective layer of concrete around the horizontal reinforcement.

The plastic bridge is made in such a way that all its elements located in concrete do not cut the block into separate parts, but contribute to ensuring the specified strength and solidity of the wall, due to structural holes in the plastic bridge itself and its reinforcement with stiffeners along the upper and lower zones.

The outer end plates of the plastic jumpers are recessed in the body of the outer and inner panels and do not protrude from the outside, they are always covered by a layer of insulation and do not significantly affect the thermal conductivity of the block of fixed formwork as a whole.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 - shows a General view of a block of fixed formwork with plastic jumpers, where:

1. The outer panel.

2. The inner panel.

3. Plastic jumper.

Figure 2 - block fixed formwork, top view, where:

4. T-shaped slot.

5. The protrusion (comb).

6. Deepening (groove).

Figure 3 - block fixed formwork, section 1-1, where:

7. The inner end plate (radial).

8. The outer end plate.

9. Sockets for fittings.

Figure 4 - is a mounting diagram of a block of fixed formwork, for subsequent concreting of a building wall, where:

10. Horizontal reinforcement.

11. Vertical reinforcement.

Figure 5 - shows the design of the plastic jumper, top view and side view, where:

12. Stiffening ribs.

13. Structural holes.

6 is a diagram of the device of the outer corner of the building (vertical and horizontal reinforcement conventionally not shown), where:

14. Perforated corner.

15. Metal retainer (nail).

7 - shows the design of a collapsible plastic jumper, top view and side view:

16. Collapsible plastic jumper.

17. The connecting strip.

18. Rectangular protrusions.

19. Rectangular openings.

Fig - shows a General view of a block of fixed formwork with collapsible plastic jumpers.

The fixed formwork block consists of two opposite panels of outer 1 and inner 2, made of porous insulating material, fastened together by plastic jumpers 3, installed in two rows, in the lower and upper zones, outer 1 and inner 2 panels. On the upper and lower end faces in the body of the outer 1 and inner 2 panels, vertical T-slots 4 are made, with a depth equal to the height of the outer end plate 8 of the plastic jumper 3, and the T-shaped slots 4 on the outer and inner panels are strictly opposite to each other, through slots into the inside of the block. The ends of the outer 1 and inner 2 panels have protrusions (ridges) 5 of rectangular cross section, and on the opposite side the corresponding recesses (grooves) 6, for tight connection in the "castle" with adjacent panels, moreover, protrusions (ridges) 5 are provided with upper ends of the outer 1 and internal 2 panels, and the recesses (grooves) 6 are provided with corresponding lower ends. The lateral ends of the outer 1 and inner 2 panels are also provided on one side with a protrusion (ridge) 5, and on the opposite side with a recess (groove) 6 of the corresponding rectangular section.

The plastic jumper 3 consists of outer 8 and inner 7 end plates located perpendicular to its longitudinal axis, which are designed to tightly fix the plastic jumper 3 in the body of panels 1 and 2. The inner end plate 7 on one side has a radial surface for the most tight connection with the inner the surface of the panels 1 and 2. The outer and inner end plates are interconnected by a plastic partition in which there are structural holes. Plastic jumpers 3 are inserted into the T-shaped slots 4 "tight", due to the radial surface on the inner end plate 7.

The design of the plastic bridge provides slots 9 for laying horizontal reinforcement 10, which provide the necessary protective layer of concrete around the horizontal reinforcement 10. Subsequently, the horizontal reinforcement 10 is connected to the vertical reinforcement 11 by a knitting wire (the wire is not indicated on the drawings).

The plastic jumper is made in such a way that all its elements located in concrete do not cut the block into separate parts, but contribute to ensuring the specified strength and solidity of the wall, due to structural holes 13 in the plastic jumper 3 itself and stiffeners 12.

The construction of the wall of the building from the blocks of fixed formwork is as follows.

On a previously prepared foundation, the corner of the building is assembled from two pre-assembled blocks of fixed formwork. On both blocks, the outer 1 and inner 2 panels are cut off from the edges with a hacksaw, so that the trimmed ends of the panels are in the same plane with the corresponding surfaces of the panels (the outer end in the same plane as the outer surface of the panel, and the inner end in the same plane with the inner surface of the panel 2). Next, horizontally install along the perimeter of the building the first row of blocks, tightly connected in one line to each other by the ends, using locks of the type (groove - comb). Similarly to the first corner, the remaining corners of the building are formed.

Outside, on the corner of each row of blocks, in order to avoid its disclosure during concreting, two perforated corners 14 are laid and fixed with metal rods (like a nail) 15 to the outer panels 1. After that, they are laid in slots 9 on plastic jumpers 3 horizontal reinforcement 10 and fasten it with the releases of vertical reinforcement 11 with knitting wire. Then, similarly to the first row, the second row of blocks is installed, starting from the corner of the building, staggering vertical joints, while the upper row of blocks is connected to the lower row using a horizontal type lock (groove - comb), and neighboring blocks are connected using a similar vertical lock.

The density of the connection between the blocks of fixed formwork is ensured by vertical and horizontal type locks (groove - comb)

and fastening with a knitting wire of horizontal reinforcement 10 lying on the upper plastic jumpers 3 of each row of blocks, with outlets of vertical reinforcement 11 concreted in the lower rows of blocks.

After installing and reinforcing two rows of blocks, layer-by-layer laying of concrete mixture is performed. As the hardening of concrete from the outer corners of the building, remove the metal retainers (nails) 15 and rearrange the perforated corners 14 to the higher outer corners prepared for concreting the formwork.

It is recommended to install and concrete fixed formwork for building walls with plastic jumpers in 2-3 rows of blocks, not more than 70-80 cm high.

For multi-storey construction in fixed formwork or when building foundations and grillages with a wall thickness of more than 15 cm, it is necessary to use collapsible plastic lintels with a variable concrete wall thickness.

The collapsible plastic jumper 16 exactly repeats the attachment point of the plastic jumper 3 with the outer and inner end plates in the body of the heat-insulating panels. The main difference is that the collapsible plastic jumper 16 consists of two separate mirrored parts that are connected to each other using a connecting strip 17.

In the design of a collapsible plastic jumper 16, its attachment point to panels 1, 2 and the contour of the upper belt with stiffeners and a socket for laying reinforcement remained unchanged. On the left and right parts of the jumper 16 there are two projections 18 of rectangular cross section, with a vertex in the form of a pyramid, the distance between the vertices of the pyramids is 50 mm. The assembly of two separate mirrored parts of the collapsible plastic jumper 16 is due to the plastic connecting strip 17. The plastic connecting strip 17 is a strip of 500 mm in size, with stiffeners in the upper and lower parts, between which there are holes 19 of rectangular cross section, identical in size to two protrusions 18 located on a collapsible plastic jumper. The holes 19 are located on the bar with a pitch of 50 mm. Depending on the thickness of the concrete wall of the building, foundation or grillage, the plastic connecting strip 17 is cut to the required length and fixed “tightly” on two rectangular protrusions of each of the two parts of the collapsible plastic jumper 16. The result is a jumper of the required length, calculated for the thickness of the concrete walls from 200 mm to 500 mm, with a gradation of 50 mm.

The assembly of fixed formwork blocks with collapsible plastic jumpers 16, their installation, reinforcement and concreting with a concrete wall thickness of up to 200 mm, is carried out in the same way as with the plastic jumper 3. With a concrete wall thickness of more than 200 mm, it is recommended to concrete one row of fixed blocks formwork with collapsible plastic jumpers 16.

Claims (3)

1. Block fixed formwork for the construction of walls of buildings and foundations, containing two opposite panels, made of porous insulating material, fastened with plastic lintels and forming a space between them for mounting reinforcement and filling with concrete mixture, characterized in that the plastic lintels are installed in two rows in the lower and upper zones of the outer and inner panels, and in the lower zone are installed in smaller steps than in the upper, along the upper and lower end faces in the body of the outer and the inner panels are made vertical T-shaped slots, and the slots on the outer and inner panels are strictly opposite to each other, through the slots in the inside of the block, the ends of the outer and inner panels have protrusions (ridges) of rectangular cross section, and on the opposite side there are recesses (grooves corresponding to them) ) for tight connection in the "castle" with adjacent panels, with protrusions (ridges) provided with the upper ends of the outer and inner panels, and recesses (grooves) provided with the lower ends, the side ends of the outer and Cored oil panels, and with one side provided with a crest, and on the opposite side of the corresponding rectangular groove. 2. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that the plastic jumper consists of end plates located perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, interconnected by a plastic partition in which structural holes are made, the inner end plate on one side has a radial surface for the most tight connection the inner surface of the panels, and on the contour of the upper belt with stiffening ribs of the plastic bridge, sockets for horizontal reinforcement are made. 3. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that the plastic jumper is collapsible, consisting of two separate mirror-mounted parts connected to each other using a connecting strip, each of which consists of end plates located perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and connected by a plastic a partition in which structural holes are made, the inner end plate having a radial surface on one side, and slots for burning ontalnoy fittings.

Images