RU138593U1 - SELF-ORIENTING BUILDING MODULE WITH "LEGKOSTROY" SUPPORT INSERTS - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A building module having, on the bed planes of the block, two protrusions and two recesses respectively with through vertical voids symmetrically inscribed in the base of the recesses, characterized in that the protrusions and recesses are formed by inserts mounted in the body of the block with a height shift relative to the bed planes, while the liners are made of supporting building material, the block body is made of heat-insulating material, and along the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the block body from at least one of the bed planes formed a longitudinal groove for laying armatury.2. The building module according to claim 1, characterized in that the liners are hollow with a round, rectangular, triangular or other cross-sectional shape. A building module according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that as a supporting building material from which the liners are made, a material with high strength properties is used, for example sand cement, sand polymer, fine-grained concrete, steel, fiberglass. 4. A building module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that as a heat-insulating material from which the block body is made, a mortar with fillers is used, having the properties of low heat conductivity and preservation of the original volume until the product gains strength, for example lightweight foam concrete.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of ground construction, namely to building elements in the form of blocks, and can be used for laying bearing and self-supporting walls of buildings and structures.

Building blocks are known having through voids of various shapes and sizes in which elements (inserts) of heat-insulating material are located.

For example, a building wall block is known, consisting of a foam concrete casing in the form of a rectangular hollow prism, in which a foam polystyrene insert is placed before forming the block (see patent RU 84035, IPC E04C 1/40, published on June 27, 2009). Such a building block increases the strength and heat-shielding characteristics of the product, reduces the complexity in manufacturing.

A building block is also known, which comprises a block body with at least one through hole and a heat-insulating element located in this hole made of a foam polymer. The body of the block is made of clay-based material and corresponds in strength (i.e., in bearing capacity), size and recommended shape, standard products according to GOST 530-2007 (see patent RU 92884, IPC E04C 1/41, publ. 10.04 .2010). The manufacture of the block body from durable material increases the bearing capacity of the building block, and the manufacturability of the formation of the insulating element ensures the strength of its connection with the surface of the hole of the block body and simplifies the manufacturing process.

Known building blocks when used in the process of laying walls require the use of wet processes (mortar), which entails a significant consumption of mortar and limits the production of work in the cold season. In addition, due to the application of traditional masonry technology, there is a need for vertical control of the wall, in attracting skilled labor.

A well-known building lock block has on the bed planes, respectively, two recesses and two protrusions for docking and through vertical voids symmetrically inscribed in the base of the recesses (see, for example, the sites of the companies Block Lock (http://blokzamok.ru/cgi-bin /blokzamok/index.pl?text=page&i=9, “Kanon Stroy” http://www.kanonstroy.ru/content/3/). This building block is taken as the closest analogue of the proposed utility model. The presence of protrusions and recesses, designed to be combined during masonry walls, allows you to accurately orient the blocks relative to each other, effort It increases the rigidity of the joints, increases the workability. The implementation of the block with two protrusions and recesses makes it possible to lay walls not only in a straightforward, but also in a complex curvilinear configuration. The high accuracy of the blocks achieved in their manufacture allows you to do without mortar, using construction adhesives and Foam sealants, which eliminates wet processes. Sealed closed air cavities formed by the voids of all rows of blocks that are compatible when laying walls, can be filled with effective heat-insulating materials, which sets high soundproof and frost-resistant parameters. Or, in the voids, monolithic reinforced concrete cores mating with monolithic seismic belts can be organized, which makes it possible to achieve seismic stability of buildings up to 10 on the Richter scale. Among the advantages are also the exclusion of external finishing work and the minimum consumption of materials when finishing internal surfaces; tightness of external building envelopes and high soundproof and frost-resistant parameters.

However, the well-known building castle block, along with the above advantages, is not without drawbacks, which include the need for additional work to give the walls properties that are not inherent to the block initially. So, to strengthen the thermal insulation, work is required to fill the voids with insulation materials, and to give the walls additional bearing capacity - pouring concrete mixture and installing reinforcement in the through vertical void channels to form supporting columns. In addition, when using known blocks there is no possibility of horizontal reinforcement of masonry.

The objective of the utility model is to create a self-orientating building module that has the combination of advantages of the closest analogue and at the same time devoid of its shortcomings.

The technical result achieved by using the utility model is to provide the building module with a combination of low thermal conductivity and high load-bearing properties. The exception is also achieved load on the body of the block, which makes it possible to use lightweight insulation; the creation of lightweight foundations by reducing the total mass of the walls without reducing the strength; saving of building materials due to the possibility of creating the most lightweight block design. In addition, it becomes possible to conduct construction using local raw materials.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the building castle block, on the bed planes, respectively, two protrusions and two recesses and through vertical voids symmetrically inscribed in the base of the recesses, according to the proposed utility model, the protrusions and recesses are formed by inserts mounted in the body of the block with a shift in height from the bed planes, while the liners are made of supporting building material, the block body is made of heat-insulating material, and along the longitudinal axis with mmetrov block body from outside, at least one of the bedding planes, a longitudinal groove for laying reinforcement. The liners are hollow, for example, in the form of hollow cylinders. The supporting building material from which the liners are made can be a material with high strength properties, for example, sand cement, sand copolymer, fine-grained concrete, steel, fiberglass. The heat-insulating material from which the block body is made can be a mortar with fillers that has low thermal conductivity and is able to maintain the original volume without significant shrinkage until the product gains strength, for example, lightweight foam concrete.

The presence of liners mounted in the through vertical voids of the building module, which are made of high-strength material, in combination with the execution of the block body from heat-insulating material, sets the building module to have both high bearing capacity and low thermal conductivity. The proposed design is, in fact, a block made of light and fragile heat and noise insulation, reinforced with inserts that absorb vertical load. Using the proposed design of the building module allows, while maintaining high heat and moisture protection properties to increase its bearing capacity.

Due to the fact that the module acquires the ability to absorb the vertical load and transfer it to the foundation through the inserts, it becomes suitable for the construction of load-bearing walls. This eliminates the need for concreting monolithic reinforced concrete inner columns to give rigidity to the structure; it becomes possible to use the most effective, lightweight insulation due to the lack of load on the module body; thanks to the lightest body of the module, building materials are saved; by reducing the total weight of the walls, without reducing the strength, the foundations are lightweight.

Performing a longitudinal groove along the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the module body with one of the bed planes is required for laying reinforcement, which serves to increase the strength of the masonry.

The implementation of the hollow liners, for example, in the form of rings in cross section, works to reduce the weight of the building module, reduce material consumption and increase the heat resistance of the module.

Materials for the manufacture of liners can be various load-bearing building materials having indicators of high strength. Materials for the manufacture of the body of the block can also be various solutions with heat-moisture protective properties and the ability to maintain the original volume (without significant shrinkage) until the moment the module strength is set.

As a result of the selection and application of one or another material of the liners and the body of the block at the output, a building module is obtained that has certain design characteristics and is intended for use in certain required conditions. For example, in the case when it is necessary to ensure compliance with the fire resistance requirements of a structure, the foamed shell of the block body acts as a heat insulator for a metal column composed of steel inserts.

The proposed building module is structurally simple, and its manufacture does not require complex equipment and shapes.

The design of the self-orienting building module is shown in the drawings, which show: in FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section AA of a building module, FIG. 2 is a plan view of a building module.

The building module (Fig. 1) consists of the body of block 1 having the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped with geometric dimensions L × B × H. In the body of block 1, two through vertical voids are made. In the voids of block 1, reinforcing hollow liners 2 are located, made in cross section in the form of rings with diameters of the inner d and outer D. The liners 2 are mounted in the vertical voids of block 1 with a shift in height relative to the bed planes by h, with the formation of ledges 3 and depressions 4. Along the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the body of block 1 from the side of one of the bed planes, a longitudinal groove 5 is made with a depth of ΔH and a width of b.

The proposed building module is made as follows.

To make the body of block 1, the components of the heat-insulating material are mixed into a homogeneous mixture and closed with water in a mixer. In the case of using foam concrete, gypsum, pozzolan and surfactant additives are mixed and foamed in a turbulent ejector installation under a pressure of 3 atm. As a result, a finely dispersed mixture with air particles of a few microns is created, due to which the relative mass of the body of block 1 is reduced without losing its strength. Such an aggregate state leads the material to a light strong state with a simultaneous decrease in the coefficient of thermal conductivity.

Separately make liners 2 (reinforcing cores). Based on the fact that they serve as a tool for increasing vertically directed power, they choose a material that depends on the purpose of the block. So, for house building up to three floors, strength up to 10-20 MPa is enough; for the construction of multi-storey buildings - at least 30-40 MPa. The cross-sectional shape of the liners 2 may be different, for example, round, triangular, rectangular, however, to reduce the cost of the block, the liners 2 should be made hollow.

Ready-made liners 2 are installed in a shape having geometric dimensions corresponding to the required dimensions of block 1. At the same time, liners 2 are mounted in a height-shifted form to form docking locks in the upper and lower parts of the block in the form of protrusions 3 and depressions 4 according to the type of constructor " LEGO. " The previously prepared foamed mixture is poured into the mold until the entire volume of the mold is filled. After cooling, the mixture tightly sets with the outer surface of the liners 2, thereby ensuring the strength of the connection.

In the described manner, a heat-insulating building block 1 is formed while ensuring the strength of its connection with reinforcing high-strength liners 2.

The parameters of the building module can have the following relationships, based on experimental developments. The ratio of the inner and outer diameters of the liner 2 is d = 0.5 ... 0.95D. The magnitude of the protrusion 3 is selected from the ratio h = 0.05 ... 0.75H. The depth ΔH of the groove 5 in the body of the block 1, as well as its width b, are selected depending on the size of the fittings laid in the groove 5.

Use the proposed utility model as follows.

In the process of masonry walls with dressing each of the modules of each of the subsequent rows overlap two adjacent modules of the laid row. In this case, both protrusions 3 of the newly stacked module are combined with the recesses 4 of two adjacent modules of the lower row, both for linear masonry of walls and for laying corners of a building. Due to the presence of protrusions 3, recesses 4 and the exact geometry obtained in the manufacturing process of blocks 1 with inserts 2, the modules are self-orienting and securely fixed, which eliminates the need for moorings and vertical control of the wall being erected. Fittings are laid in grooves 5 and adhesive is applied, after which the next row of modules is laid, which covers groove 5 with the fittings laid in it.

Subsequently, the cycle repeats.

Claims (4)

1. A building module having, on the bed planes of the block, two protrusions and two recesses respectively with through vertical voids symmetrically inscribed in the base of the recesses, characterized in that the protrusions and recesses are formed by inserts mounted in the body of the block with a height shift relative to the bed planes, while the liners are made of supporting building material, the block body is made of heat-insulating material, and along the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the block body from at least one of the bed planes formed a longitudinal groove for laying reinforcement. 2. The building module according to claim 1, characterized in that the liners are hollow with a round, rectangular, triangular or other cross-sectional shape. 3. The building module according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that as a supporting building material from which the liners are made, a material with high strength properties is used, for example sand cement, sand polymer, fine-grained concrete, steel, fiberglass. 4. The building module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that as a heat-insulating material from which the block body is made, a mortar with fillers is used that has the properties of low thermal conductivity and preservation of the initial volume until the product strength is set, for example light gypsum concrete.

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