RU107801U1 - TEAM BUILDING - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to housing and civil construction and can find application in the construction of low-rise buildings with the necessary operational characteristics for people to live. In a prefabricated building containing supporting external and internal wall panels, partition panels, floor and cover plates, a basement of base blocks, connecting fasteners and heat and sound insulation, supporting external, internal wall panels and partition panels are of the same height and made with ribs located along the contour of the panels, and floor slabs and coatings have the same width and are also made with ribs located along the contour of the slabs, while the base of the prefabricated building is covered with slabs of overlapping ribs up, the floor slabs are fixed to each other by connecting fasteners through coaxial holes made in their ribs, and along the outer perimeter of the building, the floor slabs are fixed to the base blocks of the socle by means of pins, the outer wall panels are fixed along the vertical edge through coaxial holes made in the ribs, connecting fasteners with laying between the sealant panels, and in the corners the outer wall panels are connected by means of a corner and a connecting fastener, outside The wall panels are mounted on the ribs of the floor slabs and fixed to them by means of plates and connecting fasteners, the internal wall panels are paired and installed by the ribs outward, and are fixed to each other through coaxial holes by the connecting fasteners, the coating plates are first installed on the internal wall panels along the middle span the prefabricated building, and along the perimeter of the prefabricated building, the coating plates are installed taking into account their function as cornice plates, which are installed at one end in interior wall panels, and the other on external wall panels, while stiffening ribs are made on the coating plates, which are installed with the release on the sides of the prefabricated building, and to exclude the "cold bridge" all the coating plates that perform the function of cornice plates are equipped with a sling and to ensure reliable connection of the coating plates to the outer wall panels, the fences are aligned with the holes in the ribs made in the outer wall panels, while the height of the edges of the coating plates and the height of the end and longitudinal edges of the corner p um floors are made with a smooth transition with the length of the release coating plates performing the function of eaves plates. The proposed design of external and internal wall panels and partitions of the same configuration and height, as well as floor slabs and coatings of the same width and with minor design changes, endowing some of the floor slabs with an additional constructive function of cornice slabs, reduces the product range during construction, simplifies the construction technology and , accordingly, reduce the cost of construction of a prefabricated building. It should be noted that the design of wall panels makes it possible to use any design thickness of the heat-insulating layer during the construction of the proposed construction of a prefabricated building in various climatic zones. A rigid connection of all elements of a prefabricated building allows you to create a stable spatial frame structure, which provides its increased seismic resistance, which is one of the important factors for the safety of living and operating a building. 1 sec 1 s clause of the utility model formula, 11 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to housing and civil construction and can find application in the construction of low-rise buildings with the necessary operational characteristics for people to live.

Known prefabricated building, including interconnected base elements made with the edges of the panel of the inner and outer walls, the latter of which have vertical protrusions on the outer side of the upper edge, floor slabs and coatings, supported on the edges of the panels, the base elements are made in the form of paired panels with edges interconnected by the walls, and floor slabs and coverings are ribbed, with the edges of the socle panels and walls and floor slabs being located along their perimeter, and the socle and wall panels and floor slabs and cover them have the same width, while the height of the edges of the socle and wall panels is equal to or less than 1/9 of their width, and the height of the edges of the coating and floor slabs is equal to or less than 1/6 of their width, and the coating plates are installed obliquely with the formation of a gable coating and made with ribs along the longitudinal and ridge faces, beveled respectively at an angle of 30 and 60 ° to the plane of the plate, and the ribs along the longitudinal sides are offset from the bottom of the plates by a distance ¼ of the width of the latter, while the distance from the inner surface of the panels of the outer walls to their vertically of the protrusion is equal to or less than 1/6 of the width of the panels, and the ribs of all panels and plates are made with through coaxial holes for connecting them to each other by means of bolts. (see USSR patent No. 1799965 "Prefabricated building", publ. 03.03.1993)

The main disadvantage of the known construction of the prefabricated building is the use of rather expensive both for the roof and for the basement of reinforced concrete ribbed thin-walled panels, which determine the rather high cost of a residential building.

A prefabricated building is known which contains modular load-bearing elements of external and internal walls, ceilings and coatings, heat and sound insulation of modular load-bearing elements having the form of trough-like thin-walled shells made of fiberglass concrete, connected by fasteners passed through the side walls. The shell cavities of the outer walls are facing the inside of the building, filled with heat insulation and covered with lids, and the shell cavities of the inner walls, filled with sound insulation and closed with lids, are turned alternately in opposite directions. Overlappings are formed of supporting elements in the form of thin-walled glass-fiber-reinforced concrete shells rectangular in plan, connected by side walls and supported by their ends on the end walls of wall-mounted shells. The outer walls consist of ordinary and angular, forming a floor fence and a frieze, with the side walls of the ordinary shells located normally to their bottom, and one or both longitudinal walls of the corner shells located to the bottom at an angle less than 90 °. The shells forming the overlap are made of a trough-like shape. (see the description of the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2035556 "Prefabricated building", publ. 05/20/1995)

One of the main disadvantages of the known prefabricated building is the high cost and technological complexity, which consists in the impossibility of reinforcing products with steel frames and nets. Fiberglass concrete slabs are self-supporting and not able to work under the loads required during the operation of a residential building. The known design of the prefabricated building does not allow you to adjust the thickness of the outer walls, which excludes the possibility of using heat-insulating materials with various heat-insulating properties, taking into account climatic conditions.

The technical task of the proposed utility model is the creation of a prefabricated building with comfortable living conditions and at the same time reducing material consumption, labor intensity, energy resources, increasing seismic resistance and durability.

The technical result of the proposed utility model is to reduce the cost of construction of a prefabricated building with improved operational characteristics and at the same time reduce material consumption, labor intensity, energy resources, increase seismic resistance and durability.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a prefabricated building containing supporting external and internal wall panels, partition walls, floor and cover plates, a basement of base blocks, connecting fasteners and heat and sound insulation, supporting external, internal wall panels and partition walls have the same height and are made with ribs located along the contour of the panels, and floor slabs and coatings have the same width and are made with ribs located along the contour of the plates, while the base of a building, it is covered with floor slabs with its edges facing upward, floor slabs are fixed to each other by connecting fasteners through coaxial holes made in their ribs, and along the outer perimeter of the building floor slabs are fixed to the basement blocks of the base with pins, external wall panels are fixed along the vertical edge through coaxial openings made in the ribs by connecting fasteners with laying between the sealant panels, and in the corners the outer wall panels are connected by a corner and a connecting fastener, the outer wall panels are mounted on the ribs of the floor slabs and fixed to them by means of plates and connecting fasteners, the inner wall panels are paired and installed by the ribs outward, and are fixed to each other through coaxial holes by the connecting fasteners, the coating plates are mounted first on the inner wall panels on the average span of the prefabricated building, and along the perimeter of the prefabricated building, the coating plates are installed taking into account their fulfillment of the eaves function slabs, which are installed on one of the inner wall panels with one end and on the outer wall panels with the other, while stiffening ribs are made on the coating plates, which are installed with the release on the sides of the prefabricated building, and for the exclusion of the "cold bridge" all the coating plates, performing the function of cornice slabs, equipped with a stub, and to ensure reliable connection of the coating plates to the outer wall panels, the strokes are combined with the holes in the ribs made in the outer wall panels, while the height of the ribs of the coating plates and cell end and longitudinal edges of the angular slabs made with a smooth transition with the length of the release coating plates performing the function of eaves plates.

The load-bearing outer, inner wall panels and partition walls have a height of 2.8 m, and the height of the ribs of the load-bearing outer, inner wall panels and partition walls is 160 mm, the floor and cover plates have a width of 1.5 m and the height of the ribs floor slabs and coatings are made equal to 200 mm, and the height of the ribs along the outer perimeter of the plates that perform the function of cornice plates is made equal to 100 mm.

The applicant does not know the design of the prefabricated building, which represents the totality of all the features that characterize the specified utility model, which indicates the novelty of the claimed object.

The proposed design of the utility model is illustrated by drawings, where:

figure 1 shows the proposed prefabricated building;

figure 2 shows the carrier (outer, inner) wall panel and the partition panel;

figure 3 - floor slab, coating plate;

4 is a coating plate (performing the function of a cornice plate);

5 is an angular coating plate (performing the function of a cornice plate);

6 - fastening of the corner of the outer wall panels;

Fig.7 - fastening of the outer wall panels to the floor slabs;

Fig - fastening the partition to the outer panel;

Fig.9 - mount plate cover to the inner wall panel;

figure 10 - fastening of the outer wall panel to the inner;

11 - wall panel with insulation.

The prefabricated building (Fig. 1) contains load-bearing outer 1 and inner 2 wall panels, partition panels 3, floor slabs 4 and floor slabs 5, floor slabs (cornice) 6, corner slabs (cornice) 7, a basement of foundation blocks 8.

Bearing outer 1, inner 2 wall panels and panel partitions 3 (figure 2) have the same height.

Bearing outer 1, inner 2 wall panels and partitions 3 panels are made with ribs located along the contour of the panels.

Plates of overlap 4 and plates of coatings 5 (Figs. 3, 4, 5) have the same width and are made with ribs located along the contour of the plates 2, 3, 4, 5.

The basement of the prefabricated building is covered with floor slabs 4 edges up. Plates of overlap 4 are fixed to each other by connecting fasteners through coaxial holes made in their ribs.

On the outer perimeter of the building, floor slabs 4 are fixed to the base blocks 8 of the base by means of pins.

The outer wall panels 1 are fixed along the vertical rib through coaxial holes made in the ribs, connecting fasteners with laying between the sealant panels 9 (Fig.6, 7, 8).

In the corners, the outer wall panels 1 are connected by means of a corner and a connecting fastener (Fig. 6).

The outer wall panels 1 are mounted on the edges of the floor slabs 4 and fixed to them by means of plates and connecting fasteners (Fig. 7).

The inner wall panels 2 are paired and mounted with the ribs out. The inner wall panels 2 are fixed to each other through coaxial holes by connecting fasteners.

Coating plates 5 are installed first on the inner wall panels 2 along the middle span of the prefabricated building (Fig. 1).

Along the perimeter of the prefabricated building, slabs 6 and 7 are installed taking into account their fulfillment of the function of cornice slabs (Fig. 1).

Coating plates 6 and 7 with one end face mounted on the inner wall panels 2, and the other on the outer wall panels 1.

In this case, stiffeners 10 are made on the cover plates 7, which are installed with the release on the sides of the prefabricated building.

To exclude the "cold bridge" all the slabs of the coating 6 and 7, performing the function of the cornice slabs, are equipped with a sling 11.

To ensure reliable connection of the coating plates 6 and 7 to the outer wall panels 1, the bars 11 are aligned with the holes in the ribs made in the ribs of the outer wall panels 1.

The height of the ribs of the coating plates 6 and the height of the end and longitudinal ribs of the corner plates of the coating 7 are made with a smooth transition taking into account the length of the release of the coating plates 6 and 7, which perform the function of cornice plates.

It should be noted that the supporting outer 1, inner 2 wall panels and partition wall panels 3 have a height of 2.8 m (Figs. 2, 11), and floor slabs 4 and cover plates 5, 6, 7 have a width of 1.5 m (figures 3, 4, 5)

The height of the ribs of the outer outer 1, inner 2 wall panels and partition wall panels 3 is made equal to 160 mm.

The height of the ribs of the floor slabs 4 and the coating slabs 5, 6, 7 is made equal to 200 mm, and the height of the ribs along the outer perimeter of the coating slabs 6, 7, which perform the function of cornice slabs, is made equal to 100 mm.

Installation of a prefabricated building is carried out in the following sequence.

The basement of the prefabricated building is mounted from typical foundation blocks 8 in a pit dug to the depth of freezing of the soil (Fig. 1). In the middle of two rows of foundation blocks along their axis of breaking with a perforator, grooves are made for the reinforcement (pin ⌀12) to a depth of 50 mm, taking into account two pins on one end of the floor slabs. The foundation is covered with floor slabs with the edges up, the height of which is 200 mm. After mounting the floor slabs, they are connected to each other through coaxial holes in the ribs with bolts, and along the outer axes of the prefabricated building - through pins. The result is a rigid, stable basement of the prefabricated building, connecting the foundation blocks and floor slabs.

On the assembled basement of the prefabricated building, external 1, internal 2 wall panels and 3 partition panels are mounted sequentially, so that a stable four-sided cell is obtained - a room. The assembly of the outer wall panels begins with corner elements (Fig. 6), which are connected by means of corners and bolts, and along the vertically rib through coaxial holes - by bolts, while a sealant 9, for example gerlen, is placed between the edges of the outer wall panels (Fig. 1, 6 , 7, 8). The use of sealant 9 eliminates blowing and leakage through the seams of the outer wall panels. The fastening of the outer wall panels to the floor slabs is done by two plates and three bolts (Fig. 7).

Simultaneously with the assembly of the outer wall panels, the paired inner wall panels are assembled with the ribs facing out and the partition panels (Figs. 8, 9, 10). The inner wall panels are fastened to each other through coaxial holes with bolts, and to the floor slabs with two plates and three bolts as in Fig.7. The connection of the partition walls to the outer and inner wall panels is done by means of a bracket with a nut and two bolts (Figs. 8, 10).

After the sequential assembly of all the room cells, which are provided for in the floor plan, i.e. the assembly of all the internal wall panels 2 and the partition walls 3 and, accordingly, their rigid connection between themselves and the floor slabs 4, proceed with the installation of the coating plates 5, 6, 7. Initially, the coating plates 5 are laid on two internal wall panels 2 according to the middle span prefabricated building (figure 1). Then, the cover plates 6, 7 are mounted so that one end of the plate rests on the inner wall panel 2, and the other end - on the outer wall panel 1 with the release of the line of their facade around the entire perimeter of the building. This installation of coating plates 6, 7 allows you to endow them with an additional constructive function, namely, cornice plates. In the coating plates 6, which are mounted with the outlet for the outer side wall panels 1, additionally, stiffeners 10 are provided in the middle of the plates. In all the coating plates, which function as cornice plates, shabby 11 are provided that exclude “cold bridges”. During the installation of the building, the grooves 11 are combined with the holes in the ribs of the outer wall panels 1, which makes it possible to ensure a reliable connection of the coating plates to the external wall panels 1. The height of the ribs of the coating plates 6, 7 protruding from the outer wall panels 1 is made equal to 100 mm. This constructive solution allowed to improve the appearance of the cornice and, accordingly, the entire building as a whole.

After installation of all the structures of the elements of the prefabricated building and their rigid connection between the fasteners, the roof is erected using the rafter system, and then the external wall panels are insulated (Fig. 11) and covered with sheet material. After that they carry out all the carpentry, finishing work, conduct engineering communications, and prepare for the turnkey delivery of the house.

The proposed design of the prefabricated building meets the patentability criterion of "industrial applicability", since its implementation is possible on the basis of well-known equipment, materials and manufacturing techniques for reinforced concrete products existing in the construction industry.

All elements of a prefabricated building are made at the factory in horizontal forms with the edges facing down. This technology of manufacturing elements of a prefabricated building allows to obtain the outer front surface of the elements without shells and roughnesses.

The proposed design of external and internal wall panels and partitions of the same configuration and height, as well as floor slabs and coatings of the same width and with minor design changes, endowing some of the floor slabs with an additional structural function of cornice slabs, reduces the product range during construction, simplifies the construction technology and , accordingly, reduce the cost of construction of a prefabricated building.

It should be noted that the design of wall panels makes it possible to use any design thickness of the heat-insulating layer during the construction of the proposed construction of a prefabricated building in various climatic zones.

A rigid connection of all elements of a prefabricated building allows you to create a stable spatial frame structure, which ensures its increased seismic resistance, which is one of the important factors for the safety of living and operating a building.

The weight of the structural elements that make up the prefabricated building is less than 1 ton, which allows the use of low-capacity cranes during installation and the delivery of structural elements by an affordable vehicle without the use of special vehicles - panel trucks. The construction of the proposed prefabricated building can be carried out in an area that does not have paved roads.

The proposed design of the prefabricated building has all the operational characteristics for a comfortable stay and allows to reduce material consumption, labor intensity and, accordingly, the cost of building a residential building, as well as to increase seismic resistance and its durability.

Claims (2)

1. A prefabricated building containing load-bearing external and internal wall panels, partition walls, floor slabs and coatings, a basement of base blocks, connecting fasteners and heat and sound insulation, characterized in that the load-bearing external, internal wall panels and partition walls have the same height and are made with ribs located along the contour of the panels, and floor slabs and coatings have the same width and are also made with ribs located along the contour of the plates, while the base of the prefabricated building is covered with pl the floor slabs up, the floor slabs are fixed to each other by connecting fasteners through coaxial holes made in their ribs, and along the outer perimeter of the building, the floor slabs are fixed to the base blocks of the socle by means of pins, the outer wall panels are fixed along the vertical edge through the coaxial holes made in ribs, connecting fasteners with laying between the sealant panels, and in the corners the outer wall panels are connected by a corner and a connecting crepe of the element, the outer wall panels are mounted on the ribs of the floor slabs and fixed to them by means of plates and connecting fasteners, the inner wall panels are paired and installed by the ribs outward, and are fixed to each other through coaxial holes by connecting fasteners, the coating plates are first installed on the inner wall panels along the average span of the prefabricated building, and along the perimeter of the prefabricated building, the coating plates are installed taking into account their fulfillment of the function of cornice plates, which are one t stiffeners are installed on the inner wall panels and the other on the outer wall panels, with stiffening ribs made on the cover plates, which are installed with the release on the sides of the prefabricated building, and for the exclusion of the “cold bridge”, all cover plates serving as curtain plates are equipped with a hinge, and to ensure a reliable connection of the coating plates to the outer wall panels, the fences are combined with holes in the ribs made in the outer wall panels, while the height of the edges of the coating plates and the height of the end and The flanged edges of the corner floor slabs are made with a smooth transition, taking into account the length of the release of the floor slabs that perform the function of cornice slabs. 2. The prefabricated building according to claim 1, characterized in that the supporting external, internal wall panels and partition walls have a height of 2.8 m, and the height of the ribs of the supporting external, internal wall panels and partition panels is made equal to 160 mm, floor slabs and coatings have a width of 1.5 m, and the height of the ribs of the floor slabs and coatings is 200 mm, and the height of the ribs along the outer perimeter of the slabs that perform the function of the cornice slabs is 100 mm.