RU2140509C1 - Domestic house of the first mass series with attic floor of volumetric block-rooms, method for arrangement of attic floor and complex reconstruction of house - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: complex system of reconstruction of domestic houses of the first mass series, applicable in reconstruction of practically any used series of houses to five storeys and lower in various regions of Russia. SUBSTANCE: domestic house of the first mass series after reconstruction has the framework of the old house and a superstructure in the form of an attic floor of volumetric prefabricated block-rooms mounted on a prepared roofing-bed and staircases, lift assemblies mounted outside the house above the entrance plates on independent foundations, and warmth-keeping outside walls. EFFECT: changed appearance, solved economic and social problems. 6 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention can be used in the reconstruction of existing housing stock.

 Currently, from 10 to 20% of the total housing stock is residential development of the 50-60s with houses of five or less floors. These houses do not meet today's requirements for the comfort of living in them, operational efficiency, as well as architectural and aesthetic requirements. At the same time, the physical state of the structural systems allows them to operate for several decades, there is a well-developed engineering infrastructure, landscaped area, residents of the houses are accustomed to their area. All this, combined with a shortage of capital investments, makes reconstruction of these buildings relevant instead of demolition and new construction.

 A reconstructed multi-storey large-panel residential building is known, including external and internal wall panels, floor slabs, internal reinforcement racks installed in the panel junctions and connected to the panels by fasteners. The house is equipped with external reinforcement racks installed close to all external vertical seams of the house by means of fastening elements. Internal racks are installed close to all internal seams of the outer panels. In this case, floor slabs are supported on wall panels, and the internal racks are installed in a spacer with floor slabs (see patent RU N 2004742, class E 04 G 23/00, publ. 1993).

 There is also known a method of reconstruction of buildings, comprising removing between the outer walls of old roof structures, floors and partitions, floor-to-floor, from bottom to top, installing volumetric blocks of new structures of floors, partitions and roofs. Moreover, the flooring from thin-walled panels is preliminarily laid at the level of the basement, then they are installed with a gap relative to the last, external walls and between each other volume blocks, which are also assembled from thin-walled panels, after which all the gaps are gradually filled with pore-forming hardening mortar with the formation of a monolithic structure of the ceiling and partitions (see patent RU N 2056497, class E 04 G 23/00, publ. 1995).

 The closest technical solution to the invention is a residential building of the first mass series, containing the frame of an old multi-storey building, a superstructure installed on the cover of an old building, a roof, stairwells and unified or autonomous utilities in the form of heating, ventilation, hot and cold water supply, electricity etc. The method of reconstruction of this house includes disassembling and removing the roof and equipment above the roof of an old residential building while preserving the carpet and insulation, preparing the roof to ensure a horizontal level, creating holes in the roof for engineering communications and openings for stairwells, erecting a superstructure, butting joints between panels superstructures, the fine finish of its interior and the installation of a new roof (see the book by V. N. Kutukov, “Reconstruction of Buildings.” -M .: Higher School, 1981, Fig. 140a, p. 245).

The disadvantages of these solutions are:
1) the long duration of work under construction conditions without resettlement of residents, which negatively affects the social climate of the relationship between construction workers and residents;
2) the complexity, and in a number of regions, the impossibility of carrying out reconstruction work in the autumn-winter period;
3) the high complexity of the work performed in construction conditions;
4) a prerequisite for connecting all the attic engineering systems with the engineering systems of the house being reconstructed, which requires the installation of multiple openings in the roofing.

 These shortcomings are eliminated in the proposed solution.

 The purpose of the invention is the implementation of a comprehensive reconstruction of the houses of the first mass series in a short time with an increase in housing area by 20-40%, reducing the cost of heating the building, extending the life cycle of the reconstructed house for 50-70 years.

The purpose of the invention is achieved by the fact that they carry out a comprehensive reconstruction of residential buildings, consisting in the installation of an attic floor from volumetric block rooms, in additional insulation of external walls and window openings, facing facades and installing elevators. If necessary, change the engineering systems of buildings. As a result, more comfortable living conditions are created, reliable protection against negative environmental influences, the life cycle of houses is extended, an increase in the housing area is provided, while the architectural appearance of residential buildings and the development of neighborhoods are improved
The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:
in FIG. 1 shows a residential building in a perspective view;
in FIG. 2 - cross section of the house;
in FIG. 3 - a fragment of insulation of the outer wall of the house;
in FIG. 4 - volumetric block of the attic.

 Residential building 1 of the first mass series with an attic floor from volume block rooms contains a frame 2 of an old multi-storey building, a superstructure 3 installed on the cover 4 of the old building, a roof 5, stairwells 6 and engineering systems common to the whole house or autonomous for the attic floor, such as heating system, ventilation, hot and cold water supply, electricity (not shown in the drawing). The house also has elevator shafts 7 located above the access plates 8 and installed on independent foundations 9 with an exit 10 from the elevator to the stairwells 11. The number of elevators corresponds to the number of entrances. Above the elevator shaft, the machine room 12 of the elevator is installed under a common new roof 5. Outside, the house is equipped with a metal or metal wooden frame of vertical struts and horizontal diaphragms, a frame 13 with insulation from heat-insulating material and a lining 15 of the outer walls 2 of house 1. The new roof is made of metal-plastic tile 16. The superstructure is made of volume prefabricated block rooms 17 in the form of attics located along the length of the coating in two rows with window openings 18, which are located above the window openings 19 horn of the house and is an attic floor.

There are four options for the construction of a volume unit:
1. A metal-wood or metal frame, sheathed outside with cement-bonded particleboards, inside with gypsum plasterboards, between which effective insulation is placed (in floor, exterior walls and roof structures) or effective soundproof material (in structures that serve as interior or interroom partitions).

 2. A metal or metal-wooden frame, which is monolithic with polystyrene concrete in the plane of the floor, coating, external and internal walls. At the same time, the structures of the external walls, roof and floor are made thicker (according to the heat engineering calculation for each region) than the structures that serve as interior or apartment partitions.

 3. The metal or metal-wooden frame on which the thermo-structural panels are mounted, which are single-layer structures consisting of steel profiles, framing them along the contour, and the internal filling made of dispersively reinforced polystyrene foam integral with them.

 4. A metal frame on which both thermostructural panels and polystyrene concrete panels are mounted. At the same time, polystyrene concrete panels are used as floor structures, and thermostructural - as external wall structures, coatings and partitions.

 Volume blocks manufactured at the plant can be up to 7 m in length; up to 3.6 m - in width and height in the ridge - up to 3.0 m. They are provided with sufficient rigidity, which allows them to be transported and mounted without violating the strength characteristics.

The method of complex reconstruction of a residential building of the first mass series is as follows: first, full-scale surveys of existing structures of the house are performed, the roof is disassembled and removed alternately at the porches of the house if the roof is rafters. Then make a thorough preparation of the roofing and the upper part of the bearing walls of the existing house:
- provide a horizontal level of the base under the mounted blocks-rooms due to the installation of monolithic reinforced concrete belts or supporting walls made of bricks on top of the bearing walls without removing the rolled carpet and insulation. Supporting belts or walls are erected at the same level along the perimeter of the building and along the internal bearing longitudinal walls of the building, as well as along the walls of stairwells;
- when arranging engineering systems common to the existing house and the attic floor, they organize the installation of roof openings for the passage of ventilation shafts, sewer risers, heating risers, hot water supply and other engineering systems and devices that require their withdrawal to the attic floor, and some of them to its the roof, and then prepare the bed from the solution to the supporting walls under the mounted block rooms and carry out the installation of volumetric block rooms with wheels with a mobile crane with a telescopic boom. Then they fill the joints between the volumetric block rooms with a solution, and seal the joints with sealer, install the roof panels and cover the joints on the roof with one row of tiles, connect joints of engineering systems: ventilation, heating, sewage, hot and cold water, electric and low-current networks and cutting joints of internal premises (walls, ceilings and floors) and finishing of premises.

Facade insulation is carried out sequentially - first, the carcass device on the surface of the external walls, then the insulation is laid in the interframe space, the cladding device and the additional glazing or protective film in the window openings
On stairwells at the level of interfloor areas, windows are converted into doors for access to the elevator. Outside the house, elevator shafts are mounted on independent foundations above the drive-visors. An elevator engine room is arranged above the shaft. When reconstructing a dwelling house with an attic floor, the estimated cost is reduced by reducing the amount of general construction work (lack of costs for excavation work, installation of foundations, basement, laying of internal communications). This reduction can reach up to 25%. It should be noted that the introduction of additional space does not require land allotment for construction.

 The insulation of the external walls and the construction of elevator shafts can be carried out both simultaneously with the operations on the construction of the attic floor, and in turn.

 Insulation of building facades can reduce heat loss through building envelopes by 30-40% and thereby reduce the cost of heating buildings.

 The use of elevators allows us to solve an important social problem, which consists in providing more comfortable living conditions.

 Comprehensive reconstruction of residential buildings allows you to change their external architectural appearance and solve the necessary urban problems.

Claims (7)

 1. A residential building of the first mass series with an attic floor from three-dimensional block rooms, containing the frame of an old multi-storey building, a superstructure installed on the floor, a roof, stairwells and unified or autonomous engineering systems, characterized in that the superstructure is made in the form of an attic floor on volume prefabricated block rooms installed on the length of the coating in two rows with window openings in each block located above the window openings of the old house, it is equipped with elevator shafts located above the access plates E and mounted on separate foundations with access from the elevator landings on the intercommunication, the frame is also provided with a heater and lining the external walls of an old house, the roof of the loft and lift shafts made of elements with plastic tiles.  2. Residential building according to claim 1, characterized in that the three-dimensional block room is made of a metal or metal-wooden frame, sheathed on the outside with cement-bonded particleboards, inside - with gypsum-cardboard plates, between which an effective insulation is placed.  3. Residential building according to claim 1, characterized in that the external enclosure of the volumetric block room along the metal or metal frame is made of polystyrene concrete.  4. Residential building according to claim 1, characterized in that the external enclosure of the volumetric block room on a metal or wood frame is made of single-layer panels consisting of steel profiles framing them along the contour and the inner filling of dispersed reinforced polystyrene.  5. Residential building according to claim 1, characterized in that the floor structure in the volumetric block rooms uses polystyrene concrete panels, and the walls and coatings are made from dispersively reinforced polystyrene foam.  6. A method of attic floor installation and complex reconstruction of a residential building of the first mass series, including the development and removal of roofs and equipment under the roof of a residential building with preservation of carpet and insulation, preparation of the roof and load-bearing walls to ensure a horizontal level, the formation of openings in the roof for engineering communications and openings for stairwells, the construction of a superstructure from volumetric block rooms, the cutting of joints between the block rooms of the superstructure, the fine finish of the interior and the metal device a plastic roof, characterized in that the preparation of the roofing of the reconstructed house as the basis for the attic floor is carried out by installing supportive monolithic reinforced concrete belts or brick support walls around the perimeter of the outer walls, the inner longitudinal wall of the house and staircases and creating a bed from the solution on them, This construction of the superstructure in the form of an attic floor is carried out by installing volumetric prefabricated block rooms with a crane arrow on a bed of mortar, then fill the joints between do volume blocks with mortar and fill the joints with sealant, install a tiled roof, then connect the joints of utilities, and simultaneously with these operations or alternately warm the exterior walls of the apartment building and erect elevator shafts outside the house on independent foundations above the visors, and the windows in interfloor stairwells, they are converted into doorways for entering the elevator.  7. The method of attic floor installation and complex reconstruction of a residential building according to claim 6, characterized in that additional glazing is made or the windows of the whole house are protected with a film.

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