RU175404U1 - FIXED FORMWORK FOR FOUNDATIONS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to foundation engineering. The inventive system serves as an insulated or non-insulated polymer mold for pouring concrete mixture into it and obtaining foundations of low-rise buildings. The technical task of the claimed utility model is to create a fixed formwork for the construction of foundations with waterproofing. The technical result of the claimed utility model is the simplicity of the construction of a permanent formwork that provides waterproofing The technical result is achieved by the fact that the fixed formwork for the construction of the foundation contains a casing for filling with hardening material, formed from interconnected U-shaped polymer sections, with fittings placed in it, the fittings include a metal transverse reinforcement and longitudinal reinforcement fixed with it, and the transverse reinforcement is formed by a part of a rectangular open profile and a U-shaped part shape and secured to the U-shaped section using mounting clips. 1 n and 4 z.p. f-ly, 2 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to foundation engineering. The inventive system serves as an insulated or non-insulated polymer mold for pouring concrete mixture into it, and obtaining the foundations of low-rise buildings.

Formwork is a building envelope that gives concrete products a form.

One of the traditional methods of forming the foundation is to pour concrete into a mold formed by sheets of plywood, moisture-resistant chipboard, and wooden boards. These forms are held in place by props, scaffolding or similar means of attachment.

The disadvantage of this type of formwork is the long time it takes to assemble, install, strengthen the structure.

An alternative embodiment of the formwork is the use of metal sheets for its shaping. The main disadvantages of this type of formwork is its high cost and high specific gravity.

It is known to manufacture fixed formwork from expanded polystyrene. Polystyrene formwork consists of two sheets of high density polystyrene foam, which are fixed in a certain position with iron brackets and struts. Two nodes are connected to each other by means of notches and protrusions formed on the ends - an ordinary tongue-and-groove lock. The inner surface also has protrusions - for better adhesion to concrete. After solidification, a single monolithic structure of high strength is formed.

A known design of a block of fixed formwork for the construction of walls of buildings and foundations (RF patent for utility model No. 130332, priority date 03/05/2013, publication date 07/20/2013, IPC Е04С 1/00, Е04В 2/86), consisting of two opposite panels (external and internal) made of porous insulating material and fastened together by plastic jumpers installed in two rows in the lower and upper zones of the panels with a certain step, while in the lower zone of the panels the plastic jumpers are installed in smaller steps, h eat the upper zone. On the upper and lower end faces in the body of the outer and inner panels, vertical T-shaped slots are made, and the slots on the outer and inner panels are strictly opposite to each other, through the slots into the inside of the unit, into which plastic jumpers are inserted “tightly” forming between paneled space for mounting reinforcement and laying concrete mix. The ends of the outer and inner panels have protrusions (ridges) of rectangular cross-section, and on the opposite side, recesses (grooves) corresponding to them, for tight connection to the “lock” with neighboring panels.

However, the foundation obtained by this technology also has several disadvantages. The process of complete assembly of the formwork takes place directly at the construction site, which leads to an increase in the duration of work due to binding to possible adverse weather conditions. Over time, the performance of such formwork decreases. The durability of expanded polystyrene is an average of 20 years. After this period, a new thermal and waterproofing will be required. In addition, with this type of formwork, the thermal and waterproofing of the sole of the foundation is not provided. Also, technologies include many foreign bodies in the foundation body in the form of through polymer jumpers. Styrene, which has the ability to evaporate, is also a danger, especially in warm conditions.

It is known to use polypropylene sheets to form a fixed formwork. This type of formwork additionally serves as hydro and thermal insulation.

Known formwork according to patent EP 0866196, publ. 09/23/1998, in the form of pre-corrugated U-shaped panels that are laid in a trench for subsequent pouring concrete into them. Also, they can accommodate a reinforcing cage.

Known composite formwork for pouring concrete (international application No. WO 2016181136, published date 17.11.2016), comprising a structural rigid polymer moisture and gas impermeable panel and a bonding layer, which is a fastening structure that can be embedded inside concrete poured onto the specified layer into wherein the structural panel has inner and outer sides, and where the bonding layer extends over most or all of the inner side of the structural panel, such that, when used, the bonding layer is rotated NOSTA formwork, which is a cavity into which concrete is poured, and serves to complete adhesion formwork with cast concrete. In this case, the panel can be made of polyethylene or polypropylene, and the bonding layer in the form of a polymer network, or geotextile polymer fabric (selected as a prototype).

The disadvantages of the known technical solutions are the lack of waterproofing, insulation, the complexity of the bundle of the reinforcing cage, a large amount of backfill.

The technical task of the claimed utility model is the creation of a fixed formwork for the construction of foundations with waterproofing.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is the simplicity of the design of fixed formwork, providing waterproofing of the foundation.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the fixed formwork for the construction of the foundation, contains a housing for filling with hardening material, formed from interconnected U-shaped polymer sections with reinforcement placed in it, while the reinforcement includes metal transverse reinforcement and longitudinal reinforcement fixed with it, and the transverse reinforcement is formed by a part of a rectangular open profile and a part of a U-shaped and fixed to the U-shaped section using mounting clips.

The inventive utility model is shown in the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a General view of a block of fixed formwork,

FIG. 2 is a general view of a block of fixed formwork with a film.

The system consists of four main parts: U-shaped section 1, casing pile 2, transverse reinforcement 3 and mounting clip 4.

The U-shaped section can be made of HDPE sheets (low-pressure polyethylene) or PP sheets (polypropylene), for example, by hot bending to fit the grillage or foundation plate of any section. The sheet thickness is at least 1 mm.

U-shaped section can be made in several versions.

In regions where foundation insulation is a necessary norm, the device of the U-shaped polymer section provides for the outside of section 5 with a heater 6 made of polymer heat-insulating material fixed to it. As a heater, polystyrene foam or other alternative insulation can be used.

For regions with a warm, stable climate, when there is no need to insulate the foundation, as well as for internal load-bearing walls, the U-shaped section is performed without insulation and carries only the function of waterproofing.

The casing pipe 2 consists of two parts - the details of the base 7 and the neck portion 8. The base 7 is a polymer pipe of the desired diameter with a bottom. The length of the base part 7 must be greater than the freezing depth of the soil at a distance according to building codes. Also, in the manufacture of finished pipe 2 can be inserted and fixed ready reinforcing cage in compliance with the protective layer.

The throat portion 8 of the pile pipe 2 is a through section of a pipe with a length of 300-500 mm, the outer diameter of which is equal to the inner diameter of the base part 7 and at one end of which a mounting skirt 9 is provided.

During installation, the neck portion 8 is inserted into the base part 7. The neck portion 8 with the mounting skirt 9 is fixed to the U-shaped section 1, snug against it, from its inner lower side (inserted into the cut hole), and the base 7 is completely in hole.

In some cases, the casing pipe 2 can be made as a whole in the aggregate of the two above parts - the base 7 and the neck portion 8 and is attached to the U-shaped section in the same manner as described above.

Transverse reinforcement 3 consists of a part of a rectangular open profile 10 and a part of a U-shaped shape 11 and is made of metal reinforcement with a diameter of 6 mm or more. Part 10 has the shape of a square or rectangular, incomplete closed loop with a gap in the center in its upper part, about 100 mm. Part 11 has a U-shaped shape and in cross section corresponds to the size of part 10. At both ends of part 11, hooks 12 are bent at an angle of about 45 degrees to allow longitudinal reinforcement of the upper row 13 to be placed in them. Since the whips of longitudinal reinforcement 13 are most often quite long parts , hooks 12 make it possible to perform this stacking operation by one person. The fixture of the transverse reinforcement 3 in the U-shaped section 1 is made on six mounting clips 4.

Mounting clips 4 are mainly cast from recycled polymers and allow the transverse reinforcement 3 to be fixed in the U-shaped section 1 with a gap of 30-70 mm from its walls, thereby ensuring the formation of a uniform, protective concrete layer to the reinforcement. Mounting clips 4 are fixed to the inner walls of the U-shaped section 1 using a harpoon lock and a polymer washer, which allows you to increase the area of the holding field. The diameter of the seats in the clip for reinforcement is from 6 mm. It is also possible to use other methods of fastening, for example, threaded. The length of the mounting clip depends on the thickness of the polymer sheet and the thickness of the insulation according to the norms of insulation in the region.

To connect the outer and inner corners of the U-shaped section, plastic corners can be used. Due to the area of the isosceles corner walls equal to 20-40 mm, it becomes possible to block the errors in the joint of the U-shaped sections 1.

Also, with errors in the joining of sections, a plastic strip with a width of 20-40 mm can be used.

For the purpose of fixing the film, which serves to create favorable conditions for the hardening of the laid concrete and to protect it from the appearance of shrinkage cracks, a U-shaped strip installed on a U-shaped section can be used in the design of fixed formwork 1. The length of the U-shaped strip is equal to the length of P- shaped section 1 and allows you to fix the segments of the plastic film on its inner wall, which subsequently simplifies the process of sheltering concrete. Also, the U-shaped strip is an additional stiffener and makes it possible to adjust the horizontal level error from 30 mm. The U-shaped strip has through holes with a pitch of 150-200 mm. During adjustment, the strip is fixed to the U-shaped section with self-tapping screws. After pouring, the concrete is covered with a film.

Method of implementation

A polymer sheet with a thickness of 1 mm or more is folded into a U-shape 1 according to predetermined dimensions. Then, sheets of insulation 6 are fixed on the outside of the U-shaped section 1 using mounting clips 4 by 104 mm. (taking into account the thickness of the insulation 100 mm. If necessary, polymer glue is additionally used to fix the insulation 6 on the outside of the U-shaped section 1. For the optimal location of mounting clips 4 with a spacing of about 30-40 mm from the top edge and the inner corners, on one axis , make two through holes in the side walls and two holes in the bottom of the U-shaped section 1 with a diameter of 10 mm, Mounting clips 4 by 4 mm are installed on the inside of the U-shaped section 1, as well as on its bottom. outer washer mounting clip 4 is latched, thereby ensuring reliable coupling of parts.In complex watery soils, in order to prevent the ingress of ground water through the holes immediately before installation, the mounting clip 4 can be additionally welded.This operation is repeated according to the calculated step of the transverse reinforcement.

The base 7 of the casing 2 is made of a polymer sheet by forming it in the form of a pipe of the desired diameter with subsequent welding of the seam. Then, a plug is applied to the bottom of the pipe (not shown in FIG.), And the parts are also welded. The throat portion 8 of the casing 2 is made in a similar way, is a through part and a polymer edging is welded at one end of it in the form of a fringing with a width of 20-30 mm (mounting skirt).

Details of the transverse reinforcement are made using a mechanical or manual machine according to the specified dimensions. The reinforcing rods for part 10 are bent at an angle of 90 degrees into an incomplete closed circuit with a gap in the center of its upper part of about 100 mm. Part 11 is made in the form of the letter P, on the side legs of which hooks are bent at an angle of about 45 °.

In order to avoid deformation of the section during transportation, the details of the transverse reinforcement 10 and 11 are installed in the U-shaped sections 1 and are fixed in the mounting clips 4 already assembled. To reduce the weight of the section during transportation, the transverse reinforcement can be installed in increments of one or more. Since for the subsequent installation of longitudinal reinforcement the upper part of the transverse reinforcement will need to be removed, the preliminary assembly of the transverse reinforcement part is carried out using four quick-detachable plastic rings, the inner diameter of which is equal to two diameters of the transverse reinforcement bar.

System installation steps:

1. Development of the foundation trench. The width of the trench should correspond to the outer size of the formwork or be 60-100 mm wider. The depth of the trench should correspond to the height of the grillage, the elevation of the building and the correct horizontal level. Or, after installing the casing pipes in the holes, the horizontal level of the trench is leveled by traditional methods (bedding and tamping). Proper preparation of this stage greatly simplifies the subsequent assembly process.

2. During the construction of low-rise buildings, drilling of pile holes with the installation of bases 7 of casing 2 with a margin in height above the level of the hole to prevent excess soil from entering the pipe during excavation. Then they clean the trench from excess soil that appeared during drilling.

During the construction of low-rise buildings with a basement or basement, the foundation is installed on the ground with the necessary bearing capacity, and U-shaped sections will be installed without using piles.

3. The towering ends of the bases 7 above the lower level of the trench are cut according to horizontal marks so that the neck of the pipes does not interfere with the full fit of the U-shaped sections to the bottom of the trench. Then, the formwork sections are mounted, cutting holes in the bottom of the sections according to the location of the drilled holes and corresponding to the outer diameter of the pile pipes in order to completely penetrate the concrete mixture into the holes. Along the way, set the neck 8 of the casing 2 and fasten to the sections (self-tapping screws, etc.), which is provided for waterproofing concrete poured into the formwork section.

U-shaped sections at the joints are fixed or boiled together in any suitable way, ensuring reliable coupling of the parts. Joints of insulation can be foamed sequentially during assembly.

4. Insert the transverse reinforcement 3 into the clips 4, fixing through the holes in the clip with a knitting wire, removing the upper part 11 with hooks 12. In order to prevent the formwork from deforming when pouring concrete, reinforcement 3 is fixed to the clip 4 through the technological hole in the clip using nylon clamps or knitting wire. The longitudinal reinforcement 13 is cut taking into account the L-shaped bends at the corners of the foundation, then the longitudinal reinforcement of the lower row is lowered through the upper gap in the transverse reinforcement 3 and fixed, after which the longitudinal reinforcement 13 of the upper row is lowered. Next, the upper part 11 of the transverse reinforcement 3 is installed in its place and securely fastened to the lower part 10. Then, the longitudinal reinforcement 13 of the upper row is fixed. The fittings are joined along the length according to building codes.

5. When the foundation is buried below ground level, the formwork walls are reinforced by backfilling into the gap between the trench and the formwork. In the event that the tape rises above ground level, retaining strips, jibs and stakes are used.

6. Pour concrete. In this case, the transverse reinforcement is fixed in the U-shaped section 1 with a certain gap from its walls and when pouring concrete completely surrounds the reinforcement, thereby ensuring the formation of a uniform, protective layer of concrete to the reinforcement to prevent corrosion of the reinforcement.

The advantages of the proposed technical solution

The system protects the foundation from excessive soil moisture, which therefore increases the frost resistance of concrete.

Due to the smooth, outer surface of the sections and casing pile pipes, the tangential resistance to the structure during frost heaving is minimized.

The technology allows you to preserve the structure of the native soil, eliminates the need for backfilling and ramming the soil.

Sufficiently light parts of the system can save on labor costs, and ease of assembly will significantly reduce the time required to complete the work.

The system of fixed formwork allows you to get a completely monolithic, insulated foundation with the organization of thermal waterproofing in one step of pouring concrete.

Since the whips of the longitudinal reinforcement 13 are most often quite long parts, the hooks 12 make it possible to perform this laying operation by one person. The fasteners of this part in the section are made on six mounting clips.

Claims (5)

1. Fixed formwork for the construction of a foundation, comprising a housing for filling with hardening material, formed from interconnected U-shaped polymer sections, with reinforcement placed in it, characterized in that the reinforcement includes metal transverse reinforcement and longitudinal reinforcement fixed with it, while the transverse reinforcement is formed by a part of a rectangular open profile and a part of a U-shaped and fixed to the U-shaped section using mounting clips. 2. Fixed formwork for the construction of a foundation according to claim 1, characterized in that the U-shaped polymer section is made of a low pressure polyethylene sheet or a polypropylene sheet by hot bending. 3. Fixed formwork for the construction of a foundation according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer wall of the U-shaped section contains a layer of heat-insulating material. 4. Fixed formwork for the construction of the foundation according to claim 1, characterized in that the part of the transverse reinforcement of the U-shape is made with hooks for placing the upper row of longitudinal reinforcement in them. 5. Fixed formwork for the construction of a foundation according to claim 1, characterized in that the U-shaped section contains a U-shaped strip equal to the length of the U-shaped section to fix the plastic film to its inner wall.

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