RU2490573C2 - Vortex evaporative-drying chamber with inert nozzle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: in vortex evaporative-drying chamber with an inert nozzle, which contains evaporative and drying chambers arranged in a common housing and provided with gas supply and discharge pipelines, as well as a filter - heat exchanger made in the form of a nozzle from a fluidised bed of inert media, above which a sprayer is located; the sprayer is made in the form of a header rotating in bearings and provided with a control throttle for supply of initial solution, and exhaust dusted gases are subject to preliminary acoustic treatment in an acoustic plant; after that, gas flow is supplied to a cyclone with a bunker, where the main part of dry material carried over with gases is extracted, and final cleaning of gases is performed in a sleeve filter with a bunker; at that, atomisers are made in the form of acoustic atomisers, a resonator is made in the form of at least one spherical cavity located in an end wall of the housing, which faces a distributing head; at that, the spherical cavity is connected through a calibrated hole to a gap between a vertical hole in the end wall of the housing and a bar of the distributing head. In the cross-section perpendicular to the bar axis the gap has an annular cross-section, and the distributing head is made in the form of a housing with a cover plate in the form of flattened cones connected with large bases; at that, in the housing there located is a header in the form of a cylindrical cavity, which is connected through an annular channel formed with outer cylindrical surface of a hollow bar and holes of similar diameter, which are coaxial to it and made in the cover plate and the distributing head housing with at least three solution outlet channels uniformly arranged in a circumferential direction and perpendicular to the bar axis; at that, the section of the holes is located on conical surface of the distributing head cover plate, an inclination angle of which is determined by a root angle of prayed solution flame. According to the invention, a sprayer atomiser consists of a cylindrical part with outer thread for connection to a nozzle of a distributing pipeline supplying the solution, a conical transient part and a cylindrical part with diametrical section of bigger size and with inner threaded surface, and coaxially to the housing in its lower part there fixed is a nozzle formed with a cylindrical surface with outer thread interacting with the cylindrical part of the housing; at that, cylindrical surface of the nozzle changes over to conical surface and ends with end surface perpendicular to the housing axis, a blind partition wall with a jet nozzle in its centre, which is axisymmetrical to the nozzle and consists of cylindrical and conical throttle holes, which are connected in series. Besides, larger diameter of the conical hole is located on the blind partition wall of the nozzle; at that, the housing and the nozzle form three inner cylindrical chambers coaxial to each other, and on the nozzle, on the side opposite to liquid supply, there is an additional row of jet nozzles, which are formed at least with three pairs of mutually perpendicular vertical channels for liquid passage and horizontal channels which cross on a conical side surface of the nozzle and form outlet holes of each jet nozzle; at that, paired channels are located at a right angle to each other in longitudinal planes of the housing.

EFFECT: improvement of drying efficiency.

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Description

The invention relates to techniques for drying solutions, floats, suspensions and obtaining granules of various substances and can be used in microbiological, food, chemical and other industries.

The closest technical solution to the claimed object is a dryer according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2328664, F26B 17/10, containing the evaporating and drying chambers and gas supply and exhaust pipelines located in a common housing, as well as a filter-heat exchanger made in the form of a nozzle from a fluidized bed of inert bodies over which the sprinkler is located (prototype).

The disadvantage of the prototype is the relatively low productivity of drying the final product due to the insufficiently high degree of spray solutions.

The technical result is an increase in drying performance.

This is achieved by the fact that in a vortex evaporation-drying chamber with an inert nozzle, containing an evaporation and drying chambers and gas supply and exhaust pipelines located in a common housing, as well as a filter-heat exchanger made in the form of a nozzle from a fluidized bed of inert bodies, above which an irrigator is located , the sprinkler is made in the form of a collector rotating in bearings with a control throttle for supplying the initial solution, and the exhaust dusty gases are subjected to preliminary acoustic treatment in acoustic installation, after which the gas flow is sent to the cyclone with the hopper, where the main part of the dry material carried away by the gases is released, and the final cleaning of the gases takes place in a bag filter with the hopper, the nozzles being made in the form of acoustic nozzles, the resonator is made in the form of at least one spherical cavity located in the end wall of the housing facing the distribution head, and the spherical cavity is connected by a calibrated hole with a gap between the vertical hole in the end wall the casing and the rod of the distribution head, and in a section perpendicular to the axis of the rod, the gap has an annular section, and the distribution head is made in the form of a housing with a cover in the form of truncated cones connected by large bases, and a collector in the form of a cylindrical cavity connected by an annular channel is located in the housing formed by the outer cylindrical surface of the hollow rod and holes of the same diameter coaxial with it, made respectively in the cover and housing of the distribution head with at least three channels for solution exit, evenly spaced around the circumference and perpendicular to the axis of the rod, with a cut of the holes located on the conical surface of the distributor head cover, the angle of inclination of which determines the root angle of the spray nozzle.

Figure 1 shows the vortex evaporation-drying chamber with an inert nozzle, figure 2 is a diagram of the nozzle of the sprinkler.

The vortex evaporation-drying chamber with an inert nozzle contains an evaporation chamber 1 (Fig. 1) located in a common housing and a drying chamber 2 separated by a partition 3. The evaporation chamber 1 is a cylinder and is placed above the cylindrical drying chamber 2. In the evaporation chamber there is a filter a heat exchanger made in the form of a nozzle 4 from a fluidized bed of inert bodies, over which a sprinkler 5 with nozzles is located, which is a collector rotating in bearings 12 with a control choke 13 for supplying the source solution. The implementation of the sprinkler 5 rotating allows you to intensify heat and mass transfer.

In order to avoid wear of inert bodies, the nozzle is limited by grids 6. The cylindrical drying chamber 2 is equipped with gas supply tangential pipelines 7 and a discharge pipe 8 located inside the drying chamber, over which a safety umbrella 9 is placed. Pneumatic nozzles are also placed in the drying chamber 10. For unloading of the dried material, an unloading device in the lower part of the drying chamber 2. The discharge pipe 11 is designed to discharge the gas suspension formed during the drying process. Exhaust dusty gases are subjected to preliminary acoustic treatment in an acoustic installation 14, after which the gas stream is directed to a cyclone 15 with a hopper, where the bulk of the dry material carried away by gases is released, and the final gas purification takes place in a bag filter 16 with a hopper.

The nozzle (figure 2) contains a hollow body, consisting of a cylindrical part 17 with an external thread for connection to the nozzle of the distribution pipe for supplying a solution (liquid), a tapered transition part 18 and a cylindrical part 19 with a large diameter cross-section, with an internal threaded surface.

Coaxial to the casing in its lower part is a nozzle fixed by a cylindrical surface 22 with an external thread interacting with the cylindrical part 19 of the casing. The cylindrical surface 19 of the nozzle goes into a conical surface 20 and closes the end, perpendicular to the axis of the housing, a blind partition 21, with a nozzle 26 in its center, made axisymmetric nozzle and consisting of a cylindrical and conical throttle holes connected in series, and the larger diameter of the conical hole is located on blind partition 21 nozzles.

The body and nozzle form three inner cylindrical chambers coaxial to each other. The chamber 23 is used to supply fluid, the chamber 24 is an expansion chamber, the chamber 25 performs the functions of a pressure chamber.

An additional row of nozzles is made on the nozzle, on the side opposite to the fluid supply, which are formed by at least three pairs of mutually perpendicular vertical channels 28 for the passage of liquid and horizontal channels 27 that intersect on the conical side surface 20 of the nozzle and form the outlet openings of each from the jet. In this case, the vertical channels 28 are connected to the cavity of the expansion chamber 24, and the horizontal channels 27 are connected to the cavity of the injection chamber 25. The paired channels 28 and 27 are located at right angles to each other in the longitudinal planes of the housing. The conical side surface 20 of the nozzle is made with an angle at the apex equal to 90 °.

Vortex evaporation-drying chamber with an inert nozzle operates as follows.

The source material to be dried through the nozzles of the sprinkler 5 is fed to the nozzle 4 from inert bodies forming a layer under the action of the gases leaving the drying chamber 2 through the pipeline 8. On the nozzle 4, the starting material is partially evaporated. In addition, the nozzle 4 performs a number of side functions: reduces the temperature of the exhaust gases, acts as a filter. When inert bodies are used as nozzles, the heat exchange surface can be increased. Since the nozzle 4 is constantly irrigated with the starting material, clogging of it with the dried material is prevented.

One stripped off heated source material accumulates on the partition 3. Using compressed air nozzles 10 one stripped off heated source material is sprayed into the drying chamber 2.

In the drying chamber 2, the material is dried and the dried material is discharged from the installation through a discharge device. The spent heat carrier (exhaust gases), for example hot air, together with part of the finely divided dried material enters the pipeline 8, from where the exhaust gases enter the evaporation chamber 1, penetrate the nozzle 4, creating a fluidized bed of inert bodies and heating the source material, and leave the installation through the pipeline 11. Exhaust dusty gases are subjected to preliminary acoustic treatment in acoustic installation 14, the optimal parameters of which for sound processing of fine dust are: the sound pressure level is 140 dB or more, the vibrational frequency is 900 Hz, the dust concentration in the air stream is at least 2 g / m, the scoring time is 1.5 ... 2 s, after which the gas stream is sent to cyclone 15 with a hopper, where the main part carried away by gases of dry material, and the final purification of gases occurs in a bag filter 16 with a hopper. The penetration of finely dispersed material into the evaporation chamber 1 is prevented by a safety umbrella 9. When liquid is supplied to the sprinkler nozzle body 5 under the influence of a pressure drop of 0.4 ... 0.8 MPa, oncoming liquid flows form in channels 27 and 28, rushing to the outlet openings of the nozzles formed by these channels. After the collision of the fluid flows in the channels 27 and 28 and the outflow through the nozzle outlet openings, a fan-shaped gas-liquid flow in the form of a shroud is formed, i.e. a droplet crushing mechanism is implemented, but the generated swell-like flow deviates from the horizontal plane by a larger angle, in the range from 45 to 60 °, in the direction of the central region of the irrigated surface located directly under the nozzle 26 in the blind partition 21 of the sprayer. This distribution of the sprayed liquid allows to increase the uniformity of the spraying of the liquid over the Central part of the irrigated surface.

Claims (1)

A vortex evaporation-drying chamber with an inert nozzle, containing an evaporation and drying chambers with gas supply and exhaust pipelines located in a common housing, as well as a filter-heat exchanger made in the form of a nozzle from a fluidized bed of inert bodies above which the sprinkler is located, the sprinkler is made in the form of a rotating in collector bearings with a control throttle for supplying the initial solution, and the exhaust dusty gases are subjected to preliminary acoustic treatment in an acoustic installation, after which the gas stream is directed to a cyclone with a hopper, where the main part of the dry material carried away by gases is released, and the final cleaning of the gases takes place in a bag filter with a hopper, the nozzles being made in the form of acoustic nozzles, the resonator is made in the form of at least one spherical cavity located in the end wall of the housing facing the distribution head, and the spherical cavity is connected by a calibrated hole with a gap between the vertical hole in the end wall of the housing and the distribution rod the dividing head, and in a section perpendicular to the axis of the rod, the gap has an annular section, and the distribution head is made in the form of a housing with a cover in the form of truncated cones connected by large bases, and a collector in the form of a cylindrical cavity connected by an annular channel formed by an external the cylindrical surface of the hollow rod and holes of the same diameter coaxial with it, made respectively in the cover and body of the distribution head, with at least three channels for outlet of the solution uniformly arranged around the circumference and perpendicular to the axis of the rod, and a hole cut is located on the conical surface of the distributor head cover, the angle of inclination of which determines the root angle of the spray nozzle, characterized in that the nozzle of the sprinkler consists of a cylindrical part with an external thread for connection to the fitting of the distribution pipe supplying the solution, the conical transition part and the cylindrical part with a large diameter and with an internal threaded surface, and coaxially to the casing in its lower part, a nozzle is formed, formed by a cylindrical surface with an external thread interacting with the cylindrical part of the casing, while the cylindrical surface of the nozzle passes into a conical surface and closes the end perpendicular to the axis of the casing with a blank partition with a nozzle in it center made axisymmetric nozzle and consisting of a cylindrical and conical throttle holes connected in series, with a larger diameter of the horse the hole is located on the blind partition of the nozzle, while the body and the nozzle form three coaxial inner cylindrical chambers, and on the nozzle from the side opposite the fluid supply, an additional row of nozzles is made, which are formed by at least three pairs of mutually perpendicular vertical channels for the passage of fluid and horizontal channels that intersect on the conical lateral surface of the nozzle and form the outlet openings of each of the nozzles, while the paired channels are located under right angles to each other in the longitudinal plane of the housing, and the conical side surface of the nozzle is formed with an apex angle of 90 °.

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