RU2444878C2 - Method to control quarantine weed mountain bluet and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to agriculture. In the method the roots of the weed are undercut with shallow tool for deep processing. Deep processing is carried out with a chizel tool with simultaneous continuous undercutting of roots at a depth of 35-40 cm and crushing them in the arable horizon to the size of 10-15 cm. The device comprises a frame with racks installed on it, each of which has a shoe with a contact chisel. Along the rack the holes are made through which bolts and an eccentric a pair of cutting wings are fixed. Pairs of cutting wings are installed in several rows spaced 10-15 cm, and the lower pair of wings operates at a depth of 35-40 cm.

EFFECT: group of inventions can effectively control quarantine weed mountain bluet in the system of main, steam and semi-steam tillage with a decrease in number of cultivation.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the field of plant protection against weeds, in relation to modern technologies for cultivating field crops in the system of primary, steam and semi-steam tillage and can be used to destroy creeping mustard.

A known chemical method of controlling quarantine weed mustard creeping based on the use of tank mixtures (RU 2253231 C1, A01N 31/02, 41/10, 02/11/2004). The disadvantages of this method are the toxicity of chemicals that affect the environmental friendliness of the products, high price.

A well-known agrotechnical method of controlling quarantine weed is creeping mustard, which consists in surface treatment with lancet paws during fallow fields (Recommendations for controlling creeping mustard. I.P. Kruzhilin, V. A. Sukhov and others. Volgograd, 1986). The negative side of this method is the use only on the steam section and in an increase up to 8-10 quantities of steam treatments, which leads to additional moisture loss, spraying the structure of the mulching layer. Surface pruning creates the conditions for temporary inhibition, but at the same time increases the density of clogging with mustard in crops of subsequent crops, especially in a row wedge.

Also known is the agrotechnical method of controlling quarantine weed creeping weed, which consists in cutting the roots during deep cultivation with plow implements (Cultivation of weed and degraded irrigated lands of the Volga region. B.I. Tukhtarov, S. N. Kosolapov. Saratov, 2002). The disadvantages of this method are the high energy costs of processing and under favorable climatic conditions there is a vegetative growth of mustard from the segments of roots located in the arable and subsurface horizon, which leads to an increase in its reproduction.

There is also known an agrotechnical method of controlling quarantine weed creeping weed, which consists in cutting roots during deep processing with plow tools, followed by surface cutting by lancet paws during the fallow period. (Comprehensive measures to control creeping mustard: Recommended. // S. Gruzdev, B. I. Yudin, V. G. Popov and others. M: Niva of Russia, 1992 (prototype). The disadvantages of this method are its use only on steam field and high energy processing costs.

A device is known for continuous pre-sowing and steam tillage - a wide-spread cultivator KPN-8.4 (Agricultural machinery, catalog, volume 1, NIITEIITO Infomagroteh, M., 1991, p. 177). The disadvantage of this device is the limitation of the depth of processing - 4-12 cm

A device for the main processing of clean vapors is known as the PG-3-100 plane-deep-ripper (Agricultural machinery, catalog, volume 1, NIITEIITO Infomagroteh, M., 1991, p. 148). Main components: frame, hitch, three flat-cutting legs, support wheel mechanism. The disadvantages of this device are the limitation of the depth of processing - 15-30 cm and the high energy costs of tillage and cutting of rhizomes.

A device is also known for the main processing, which contains a frame with racks mounted on it, each of which has a shoe with a patch bit, holes are made along the rack through which a pair of trimming wings of continuous trimming to a depth of 40 cm are fixed using bolts and an eccentric (We do not we impose soil cultivation technologies, we offer technical solutions for their implementation // Borisenko IB New technologies of the agricultural sector. 2010, No. 3, prototype). The disadvantage of this device is the impossibility of simultaneously cutting and grinding the trimmed roots to a size that prevents the vegetative resumption of growth of mustard.

EFFECT: development of a highly effective agrotechnical method for controlling quarantine weed creeping mustard and devices for its implementation in the system of primary, steam and semi-steam tillage.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the agrotechnical method of controlling quarantine weed creeping mustard, which consists in cutting the roots during deep processing, a frame with chisel working bodies mounted on it, consisting of racks, each of which has a shoe with a patch, is used as a deep processing tool with a chisel, holes are made along the strut, through which, using bolts and an eccentric, pairs of trimming wings are fixed, installed in several rows, providing at the same time cutting of roots at a depth of 35-40 cm roots of grinding be cropped to a size of 10-15 cm.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that a device containing a frame mounted on racks, each of which has a shoe with a patch bit, holes are made along the rack through which a pair of trimming wings are fixed with bolts and an eccentric, working at a depth of 35-40 cm , additionally installed pruning wings in several rows with a distance between them of 10-15 cm, providing grinding of the pruned roots.

According to the invention, the method includes deep processing with a chisel tool with simultaneous continuous cutting of the roots at a depth of 35-40 cm and crushing them in the arable horizon to 10-15 cm. As a device for implementing the method of controlling quarantine weed creeping mustard, a frame with mounted on it is used racks, each of which has a shoe with a patch chisel, holes are made along the strut, through which a pair of trimming wings is fixed using bolts and an eccentric, mounted in several rows a, with a distance between them of 10-15 cm, while the lower pair of wings running at a depth of 35-40 cm.

Figure 1 shows the technological scheme of the control of quarantine weed creeping mustard. Figure 2 - a device for controlling quarantine weed creeping mustard.

A method of controlling quarantine weed creeping mustard is implemented as follows (Fig. 1). Deep processing is carried out with a chisel tool with simultaneous continuous cutting of the roots at a depth of a 35-40 cm and grinding them in the arable horizon to a size of 10-15 cm.

To combat the quarantine weed, the mustard creeping, a device is used (Fig. 2), containing a frame with racks 1 mounted on it, each of which has a shoe 2 with an overhead chisel 3, holes 4 are made along the racks through which are fixed with bolts and an eccentric 5 hamstring couple 6 installed in several rows, with the distance between them of 10-15 cm, while the lower pair of wings and working at a depth of 35-40 cm.

Technological and quality indicators of the method and device for its implementation within the claimed limits are optimal. Reducing the depth of processing and increasing the distance between the legs reduces the effectiveness of the method of dealing with mustard. Replacing the chizeleva technology with soil cultivation by plane-couples working bodies is impractical from an energy point of view.

Thus, the high efficiency of combating mustard is achieved due to the low energy of soil cultivation by chisel cultivation, deep cutting of roots by 35-40 cm, leading to long-term suppression of weed growth in the subsoil horizon and grinding of roots in the arable horizon to 10-15 cm, which impede the vegetative renewal and propagation of 10-15 cm, preventing the vegetative renewal and reproduction of weed.

In the system of steam and semi-steam tillage, the previous deep tillage is carried out by the proposed device and an agrotechnical method of controlling mustard, which contribute to long-term suppression in the subsurface horizon and prevent the vegetative renewal of crushed roots in the arable horizon. In this case, the proposed method reduces the amount of cultivation in the fight against weed vegetation in comparison with other technologies.

Claims (2)

1. A method of controlling a quarantine weed creeping mustard, including cutting the roots with a plow tool during deep processing, characterized in that the deep processing is carried out with a chisel tool with simultaneous continuous cutting of the roots at a depth of 35-40 cm and grinding them in the arable horizon to sizes 10-15 cm. 2. A device for controlling a quarantine weed creeping mustard, containing a frame with racks mounted on it, each of which has a shoe with a patch bit, holes are made along the racks through which a pair of trim wings is fixed using bolts and an eccentric, characterized in that the pairs the cutting wings are installed in several rows with a distance between them of 10-15 cm, and the lower pair of wings works at a depth of 35-40 cm.

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