RU2327825C1 - Method for scutching bast fiber - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: textile, paper.

SUBSTANCE: method for scutching the bast fiber, predominantly flax, includes the operations of preparation of the caulis and their double scutching with the blades, and during their interaction with the fiber strands the conditions of processing along the scutching field height are modified; at the beginning of the interaction of the blades with the fiber strands by their clipping place, the pressure of the fibers on the operating blade edges are reduced due to the reduction of the total angle of wrapping the edges by the fiber in the field of scutching; and in the lower part along the scutching field height, the tensile load of the loose strand part is reduced while it is placed on the underblade grid; the degree of pressure and tensile load reductions of the loose part differ scutching field length and depend on the features of the processed fiber. The method enables increase in long fiber outcome.

EFFECT: increased outcome of long fiber in scutching.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of primary processing of bast fibers, mainly flax, and can be used to produce long fibers.

Some existing methods of scrubbing flax are based on the use of scaffold drums. With this scuffing technology, at the initial stage of the flaxseed processing process, due to its high taperedness, significant pressure and tension forces arise in the fiber near the clamping point. This leads to fiber breakage and a decrease in the yield of long fiber. Thus, in the process of beating, the nature of the interaction of the beater drum with the fiber should be such that the probability of fiber breakage and their sharpness is minimal.

A known method of basting bast fiber, including the operations of preparing fibers and their two-sided beating by beaters, which, interacting with the fiber, provide a change in the working edge of the beat relative to the plane of the knockout grill [1].

The disadvantage of the known known method using the device [1] is that the differentiation of the beating process, namely, the change in the working edge of the beat relative to the beat lattice, is carried out in the upper half of the beating field, that is, at the moment of impact upon the first contact of the beat with the fiber. However, the results of the studies made it possible to establish that the main fiber losses are formed during the interaction of the beat with the end sections of the fiber. Consequently, a change in processing conditions should occur in the upper and lower parts of the scuffing field.

There is also known a method of basting bast fiber, mainly flax, including the operation of preparing the stems and their two-sided beating by beaters, during the interaction of which with fibrous strands change the processing conditions along the height of the bobbing field [2].

However, when using the method [2], the effectiveness of the applied solutions for differentiating the intensity of the impact on the fiber along the height of the scuffing field is insufficient, since only the change of the working edge of the beat relative to the plane of the knockout grid is carried out. In addition, when using the known method, the processing conditions are not changed along the length of the scuffing field, that is, along the length of the scuffing drum.

The objective of the claimed invention is to increase the yield of long fibers by changing the intensity of the treatment of bast fiber along the height and length of the bobbing field.

The technical result, which consists in eliminating these shortcomings in the method of basting bast fibers, mainly flax, including the operations of preparing the stems and their two-sided beating by beaters, during the interaction of which with fibrous strands change the processing conditions along the height of the beating field, according to the invention, that at the beginning of each interactions of beaters with fibrous strands near their clamp reduce the pressure from the strands on the working edges of the beaters by reducing the total angle of fiber circumference m edges in the beating, while the bottom field adjustment scutching reduce the tensile force of the free portion when the strand on its podbilnoy grating, the degree of reducing the pressure and tension force along the length of the free portion of the field scutching regulated depending on the properties of the treated fibers.

Changing the processing conditions at the beginning of each interaction beat with fiber strands near their clamp by reducing the pressure from the strands on the working edges of the beat by reducing the total angle of fiber circumference of the edges in the bobbing field, and in the lower part by the height of the bobbing field by reducing the tension force of the free section of the strand when it is located on a knock-out lattice it allows to reduce the lateral deformation of the mass of fibrous strands. This will contribute to the safety of the fiber during scuffing. The fact is that the pressure force on the edge during friction is determined by the formula [3, p.103]

If there are several edges in the field of scuffing, the pressure force of the fiber on the edge of the beater near the clamp, expression (1) will have the following form:

where T ₀ is the tension of the free section of the strand on the lining grid. It is proportional to the length of the plot [3, p.106]. The greater the length of the plot, the greater T ₀ ; μ is the coefficient of friction of the strand on the edge of the beat; T _in - the force of inertia; Σα is the total angle of grasp of the edges by a strand in the scuffing field.

From the structure of the presented dependence (2) it follows that the pressure force of the strand on the edge can be reduced by reducing the total angle of circumference of the strand of edges, that is, Σα, and also by reducing the value of T ₀ .

In addition, if there is a fire in the strands, a decrease in pressure will help to reduce the negative consequences associated with the abrasive wear of the fiber during its sliding bending relative to the edge of the beat. The degree of abrasive wear, all other things being equal, will be determined by the degree of indentation of the fires into the aggregate of strands. To the greatest extent, this wear is manifested in the fiber located near the clamp. When moving along the edge, the strands are shifted relative to each other. If there are bonfires pressed by pressure forces to the edge of the beat and to the fiber, this displacement is accompanied by a partial rupture of the strands. The repeated interaction of the fiber with the beat ultimately contributes to the growth of fibrous waste.

The regulation of the pressure force from the strands to the working edges of the beat, as well as the tension forces of the free section of the strand when it is located on the bogie grid along the length of the bobbing field, allows differentiation by the degree of intensity to carry out the bobbing process. The intensity of the process should be commensurate with the properties of the fiber, which will determine the thickness of the layer of strands and their mass. These parameters vary along the length of the scuffing field. Thus, by adjusting the pressure of the strands at the edges of the beat and the tension T _{about in} proportion to the change in the thickness of the strands and their mass, the processing process can be implemented in a rational way.

These circumstances lead to the preservation of the fiber and, consequently, to an increase in its output during the basting of bast fibers.

Figure 1 schematically shows a longitudinal section of the scuffing zone. Figure 2 presents a cross-section of scutching drums, in which the beat drums are located in the scuffing field at a certain distance from the beginning of the scuffing field along its length. In Fig.3 presents a view of the beat along the length of the scuffing field.

The method of basting bast fibers is implemented as follows (see drawings). The pre-formed (by layer-thinning and promin) stalk layer 1 is clamped in the conveyor 2 and fed into the beating zone. In this zone, the stalk layer interacts with the beaters of 3 scavenger drums. They are installed on the crosspieces of 4 rotating drums. On the inside of the beat, the supports 5 are pivotally fixed in the form of plates or another design. On one beat can be several supports: 5.1-5.n (see figure 3). The mass of supports and their outreach N along the length of the scuffing field are different and can be adjusted.

In the process of beating, due to the inertia forces of the support 5 are deflected to the stop in the direction from the center of rotation of the drums. There will be several beats in the scuffing field by its height. At the moment of the beginning of interaction with the fiber near the clamp of the edge of the beat 3a at the front of the located beat 3b, the support 5 will begin to deviate towards the center of the drum due to the pressure exerted on it from the side of the fiber. As a result of this, there will be a decrease in the total angle of fiber circumference of the edges of the beams and supports. This, in turn, will help to reduce the pressure forces of the edge of the beat on the fiber at the time of the beginning of the interaction. The reduction of pressure forces will reduce the formation of fibrous waste.

Subsequently, after the start of the interaction, the processing time, the end of the free portion of the fiber 6 after loss of contact with the bead bar will be accompanied by a support 5. This circumstance will prevent it from moving (flying) onto the lane plane after the moving beater. For this reason, the initial length of the free portion of the fiber after it has flown to the lining grid will be less than in the absence of support 5. As a result, the initial tensile forces T ₀ will decrease, which will also help reduce the pressure forces on the fiber from the edge of the beat near the clamp.

In the process of moving the processed strands of flax along the scuffing field, subsequent processing will occur. However, as this movement during processing, the pressure and tension forces of the free section must be different and therefore they are regulated. The magnitude of the differences is determined by the properties of the fiber, and the achievement of the necessary differences due to adjustment is achieved by the fact that several supports 5 are installed along the length of each beat (5.1-5.n). Moreover, the mass of each component of the support 5 is different and can be adjusted due to removable loads 7. In addition, the outreach H of each component of the support 5 is also adjustable. This circumstance makes it possible to effectively control the degree of pressure reduction and the tension force of the free section of the processed strand on the knockout lattice, which ultimately will allow for scuffing at the regimes corresponding to the flax properties and increase the yield of scuffed fiber.

Using the proposed method does not require capital expenditures and can be implemented by modernizing existing machines used in domestic flax plants.

Information sources

1. RF patent 307123, MKI D01B 1/22, publ. 06/21/1971, Bull.№35, author A. Lukinov

2. RF patent 2230840, MKI D01B 1/14 1/22, publ. 06/20/2004, Bull. No. 17, authors Bezbabchenko A.V., Lapshin A.B., Pashin E.L.

3. Ipatov A.M. The theoretical basis of the mechanical processing of stalks of bast crops. - M .: Legprombytizdat, 1989.

Claims (1)

The method of basting bast fibers, mainly flax, including the operations of preparing the stems and their two-sided beating by beaters, during the interaction of which with fibrous strands change the processing conditions along the height of the bobbing field, characterized in that at the beginning of each interaction beat with fibrous strands near their clamp reduce the pressure side of the strands on the working edges beat due to a decrease in the total angle of fiber circumference of the edges in the bobbing field, and in the lower part along the height of the bobbing field, the freedom of tension is reduced th section when the strand on its podbilnoy grating, the degree of pressure reduction and strength of the field length of a tension free portion scutching and various properties associated with the treated fibers.

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