EA040296B1 - METHOD OF UNLOADING BASTER FIBERS - Google Patents

Description

The invention can be used in the field of primary processing of bast crops and can be used to obtain short-staple fiber suitable for the production of high numbers of yarns.

A known method for producing a length-modified (short-staple) flax fiber, including the preparation of a mass of non-parallelized fibers and their defibration based on the use of carding effects (see Zhivetin V.V., Ryzhov A.I., Ginzburg L.N. Movolen Modified flax fiber, M.: Publishing house ROZITLP, 2000, 205 s).

However, with this method, as a result of the use of carding effects, a fiber with increased unevenness in length is formed. The reason for this is the peculiarity of the impact of the needles of the carding set on the technical complex of fibers that are held by anastomotic ties.

A method for producing short-staple flax fiber is known (RF patent No. 2090668, class D01G 1/00, publ. 20.09.97, bull. No. 26), including the operation of combing the fiber, forming a tape from it, feeding it to the processing zone and defibration.

The disadvantage of this method is the use of cutting technical fibers in the defibration, as a result of which an increased percentage of very short fibers is formed. During further processing, these fibers fall into waste along the pre-spinning transitions and contribute to the formation of yarn breaks during its production. Thus, the use of fiber cutting reduces the utilization rate of short-staple flax in the production of yarn, and the spinning process itself proceeds with increased yarn breakage.

A method for producing short-staple flax fiber is known (RF patent No. 2230841, class D01G 1/00, publ. 06/20/2004, bull. No. 17), including the operation of combing the fiber, forming a tape from it, feeding it into the processing zone and defoliating, moreover defibration of fibrous complexes in the tape is carried out by their repeated sliding sign-alternating bending along the rounded edges of moving beaters at a relative sliding speed of at least 40 m/s, and in the process of defibration, the required length of fibrous complexes is achieved by changing the sliding speed or the distance from the clamping point of the tape to the zone its processing.

However, this method leads to shortening of the fiber when pulled with beaters. The length of the resulting fibers is practically difficult to control. To increase the degree of defibration, the average length of the resulting fibers is reduced.

The closest proposed technical solution is a method for producing short-staple flax fiber (patent RK 4253, class D01G 1/00, publ. 23.08.2019, bull. No. 34), which includes operations of pulling fiber complexes between several pairs of gears and simultaneous kneading for due to the reciprocating motion of the same gears, the flax fiber separation due to repeated alternating bending of the tape along the edges of the gear teeth, which have a tearing effect on the fiber complexes of the contact line of the gear teeth during the reciprocating action.

The objective of the invention is to create a method of defibration of bast fibers by providing the required level of fiber variation along the length.

The technical result of the invention is to reduce the linear density of the fiber in the process of defibration and improve the quality of cleaning it from non-fibrous impurities.

The specified technical result is achieved by the method of defibration of bast fibers, including pulling the fibers between several pairs of gears, their simultaneous kneading due to the reciprocating movement of the gears, defibration of the fibers by repeated alternating bending of the tape along the edges of the gear teeth during the reciprocating action, according to the invention, after the last pairs of gears from the fibrous mass knock out the fire with two impact shafts with ribs, and the pressure force on the fibers between the ribs of the impact shafts is regulated by the brake disc of the upper impact shaft.

The drawing schematically shows the process of defoliation of bast fibers, where

- gears, which are crushing shafts,

- impact shafts with ribs,

- engine drive,

- brake disc of the upper impact shaft

The method is carried out as follows.

The complex of bast fibers is crumpled between several pairs of gears 1, which are crushing shafts, and at the same time they are kneaded due to the reciprocating movement of the same gears, the flax fibers are defibrated due to repeated alternating bending of the tape along the edges of the teeth of the gear 1, which have a tearing effect on the complex of fibers along the line of contact of gear teeth during reciprocating motion.

Next, the fibers fall between two vertically mounted shafts 2 with ribs that have a linear speed exceeding the speed of the pinching gears 1. The lower impact shaft 2 is driven by the engine drive 3, and the upper impact shaft 2 rotates due to the engagement of the ribs of the upper and lower impact shafts. . Fibers at the exit of the last pair of gears

- 1 040296 shafts 1 fall between the ribs of the upper and lower impact rollers and, since they have a high linear speed, they beat off the remnants of the fire that has not separated from the fibers and knock them out of the fibrous mass. The force of pressure on the fibers between the ribs of the impact rollers 2 is regulated by the brake disc of the upper impact shaft 4.

The use of the invention will reduce the linear density of the fiber in the process of defibration and improve the quality of its purification from non-fibrous impurities.

Claims (1)

CLAIM The method of defibration of bast fibers, including pulling the fibers between several pairs of gears, their simultaneous kneading due to the reciprocating movement of the gears, defibration of the fibers by repeated alternating bending of the tape along the edges of the gear teeth during a reciprocating action, characterized in that after the last pair of gears from the fibrous mass is knocked out by two impact shafts with ribs, and the pressure force on the fibers between the ribs of the impact shafts is regulated by the brake disc of the upper impact shaft. Eurasian Patent Organization, EAPO Russia, 109012, Moscow, Maly Cherkassky per., 2