RU2311500C1 - Breaking-and-scutching machine for separating of fiber from broken bast crop stems - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: textile industry.

SUBSTANCE: breaking-and-scutching machine has horizontal conveyor, breaking clamping unit, pneumatic conveyor system, pair of scutching drums with beaters, shield attached to rear side of each beater at various angles to front side of beater, and plate connected to shield pivotally fixed to beater. At maximal angle between beater rear side and shield, plate comes into contact to nearest plank of grid positioned under beater.

EFFECT: increased yield of long broken bast crop fiber.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of primary processing of bast fibers, mainly flax, and can be used to obtain long bast fiber.

Some existing flax flailing devices are based on the use of scaffold drums. With this technology, at the initial stage of flaxweed mashing, due to its great pointedness, significant tensile forces arise near the clamping point. This leads to fiber breakage and a decrease in the yield of long fiber. Thus, in the process of beating, the nature of the interaction of the beater drum with the fiber should be such that the probability of fiber breakage and sharpness is minimal.

A device for separating fibers from trusts of bast crops, containing a node for moving trusts in the form of an endless conveyor and a pair of beat drums [1].

However, this device is not equipped with a fire removal system and does not have a differentiation of the scuffing process, which significantly worsens the technological effect of processing.

Also known is a milling-scutching machine for isolating fiber from the stems of bast-crop trusts, containing a horizontal feed conveyor, a milling-clamping unit, a pair of scutching drums and a pneumatic suction system [2].

The disadvantage of this machine is that when scrubbing, there is no differentiation in the intensity of impacts when turning the beater in the scuffing field, which leads to an increase in fibrous waste.

A device for separating fiber from trusts of bast crops, containing a horizontal feed conveyor, milling and clamping unit, a pair of scraper drums and a pneumatic suction system [3].

The disadvantage of the said device [3] is that the differentiation of the scuffing process according to the intensity of the scuffing effects is not effective, since it is carried out only by changing the overhang of the working edge of the beat relative to the knockout grid in the second half of the period of interaction of the fiber with the beat. Meanwhile, it is known that the bulk of scuffing waste is formed during the interaction of beaters with the end sections of the fiber. However, a change in the overhang of the bead strip relative to the underbody grill does not solve the problems with improving the processing conditions of the end sections of the strand. In this regard, at the same time as changing the overhang of the beater bar, it is necessary to change the distance from the bead bar to the nearby bar of the bogie grill.

Mentioned known device in its technical essence is closest to the claimed and therefore is proposed as a prototype.

An object of the invention is to increase the yield of long fibers due to the differentiation of the intensity of the effects during the processing of the strand along its length.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the machine for separating fiber from the stems of the bast trusts, containing a horizontal conveyor, a milling and clamping unit, a pneumatic conveying system, a pair of beater drums with bills, each of which has a visor fixed to the back, which can be located under different angle to the back plane of the beat, according to the invention, a plate is attached to the visor pivotally attached to the beat, which is able at the maximum angle between the back plane of the beat and the trump ohm contact with the adjacent thereto podbilnoy lath grid.

Changing the overhang of the working edge of the beater relative to the plane of the heading grating and simultaneously changing the distance from the heading bar to the adjacent side of the heading grating, in the lower half of the period of interaction of the fiber with the beat in the bobbing field, it is possible to reduce the intensity of the impact of the girder on the end sections of the fiber by changing the angle of coverage beat the fiber. In addition, the negative effect of overwhelming the ends of the strand is reduced and the forces of their tension during friction are significantly reduced. These circumstances lead to the preservation of the fiber at the end sections of the strand, and consequently to an increase in its yield when processing the stems of the linen trust.

The invention is illustrated by drawings. In figure 1. The scheme of a milling and bobbin machine for isolating fiber from a bast crop trust is shown. Figure 2 shows a cross section of a scutching drum.

The grinding and grinding machine consists of a horizontal conveyor 1, a grinding and clamping unit 2, a pair of grinding wheels 3 and a pneumatic suction system 4.

The scraper drum 3 consists of a shaft 5, on which the beat 6 is mounted. In turn, the beat 6 consists of a beat bar 7, a beat grate 8, a visor 9 with a plate 10 rigidly connected to it and a hinge 11. View I and view II in FIG. .2 explains the position of the visor 9 with the plate 10 rigidly connected to it, α _max is the maximum angle between the back plane of the beater and the visor.

The operating procedure of the milling and bobbing machine is as follows: the stalks of the linen trust are laid out on the conveyor belt 1. After that, they are fed to the milling and clamping unit 2, where they are exposed to a prom. Then the raw material, squeezed in the milling-clamping unit 2, is subjected to beating by a pair of scraper drums 3. Moreover, when the drums 3 rotate, the beat bars 7 and the striking bars 8 affect the bast-fiber material, clearing it of the fire. At the same time, in the upper half of the scuffing field, the visor 9 does not participate in de-abrasion and is in the initial position due to inertia forces (Fig. 2, view I), which ensures the overhang of the beat bar with respect to the beat grill Δ and the distance from the beat bar to the adjacent edge padded grating h. Such a departure Δ and a distance h are necessary for effective sanding of the middle part of the processed material. With a further rotation of the drums, namely in the second half of the period of interaction of the fiber with the beaters (in the lower half of the scuffing field), the pressure from the side of the material on the visor 9 increases and at some point exceeds the inertia forces. As a result of this, the visor 9 is deflected on the hinge 11, changing the position of the plate 10, which is rigidly connected with it. This leads to a decrease in the projection of the beat bar relative to the beat lattice to the value Δ1, moreover, Δ> Δ1, and to a decrease in the distance between the beat bar and the neighboring beat bar lattices h1; moreover, h> h1. A simultaneous decrease in the overhang of the beater bar with respect to the plane of the beater bar and the distance between the bead bar and the adjacent bar of the beater bar in the lower half of the scuffing field reduces the intensity of impacts on the end sections of the strand, which leads to an increase in the yield of long fiber.

After the beat came out of the scuffing field, the back edge due to inertia forces returns to its initial position. Further, the process of interaction of the drums with the fiber is repeated.

The scuffing waste is removed using the pneumatic suction system 4. After processing the butt part of the handful, it is turned over and the vertex is similarly treated.

The use of the proposed device does not require significant capital expenditures, and its implementation can be carried out by modernizing the designs of existing milling and bobbing machines.

Information sources

1. Patent No. 828 (USSR). Grinding machine // Klub B.C. - publ. 11/30/1925.

2. A.c. No. 749950 (USSR). A method for assessing the quality of flax trusts // Egorov M.E., Lebedev Y.A. and others - publ. 07/23/80. Bull. Number 27.

3. Patent No. 2230840 RU. The method of basting bast fibers // Bezbabchenko A.V., Lapshin A.B., Pashin E.L. - publ. 06/20/04. Bull. Number 17.

Claims (1)

A grinding and browning machine for separating fiber from the stems of bast crop trusts containing a horizontal conveyor, a grinding and clamping unit, a pneumatic conveying system, a pair of grinding wheels with bills, each of which has a visor fixed to the back, which can be positioned at a different angle to the back plane a beat, characterized in that a plate is attached to the visor pivotally attached to the beat, which has the ability to come into contact with the blade at the maximum angle between the back plane of the beat and the visor zlezhaschey thereto podbilnoy lath grid.

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