RU143050U1 - SECTION OF BREAKING MACHINE FOR PROCESSING ANY FIBER - Google Patents

Abstract

Section basting machine for processing bast fibers, including the skeleton, bobbin drums, each of which has a conical and cylindrical sections in length, a clamping conveyor and a visor with a straight edge, characterized in that the visor is located above the conical sections of the drums and is made in the form of a beam, which depending on the rotational speed of the drums and the length of the processed fibers, either rigidly or with the possibility of springing is fixed on the core of the section.

Description

The utility model relates to the primary processing of bast fibers, mainly flax, and is aimed at increasing the yield of the obtained long fiber by differentiating the tension forces of the fiber along the length of the drum.

Existing flax scuffing technology is based on the use of scaffold drums. However, when moving the processed raw material along the initial portion of the scuffing zone due to its great taperedness and, consequently, increased mass and bending stiffness, significant tensile forces arise in the runaway branches of the scrubbing strands. This leads to their breakage and a decrease in the yield of long fibers. In this regard, they strive to reduce the rotational speed of the drums, which leads to a deterioration in the conditions of de-sharpening of the stems as they move along the scuffing zone.

Therefore, there is a problem of minimizing the breakage of the fibers in the initial zone of the drum and providing the required degree of de-sharpening of the strands during the passage of the following scuffing zones along the length of the drum.

A known design of the section of the bobbin machine for processing bast fibers [1], containing the conical and cylindrical parts of the drums. The conical part consists of radially mounted beating strips with an overhang over the plane of the knockout grill. In the cylindrical part of the drum, the crosses are three-bladed disks, on the corresponding faces of which there are lining gratings and beating slats. The disadvantages of this design are: the possible loss of fiber in the initial parts of the scuffing zone, namely when moving from the conical to the cylindrical part of the drums. In addition, the design does not sufficiently provide the ability to control the conditions of scuffing depending on the properties of the incoming raw materials, for example, on the length.

As a prototype of the proposed solution, the design of the scraper machine was selected according to the method [2], wherein the section of the scraper machine for processing bast fibers includes a skeleton, scraper drums, each of which has conical and cylindrical sections along the length, a clamping conveyor and a visor with a straight edge.

However, with this design, effective alignment of the tension forces along the length of the drum is not achieved, since the design of the visor located above the friction zone does not reduce the peak maximum values of the tension forces, especially during the friction of long-stemmed raw materials with an increased rotational speed of the drums and when processing long fibers.

The utility model is based on the task of improving the design of the drum of the basting machine for processing bast fibers so that during friction during the initial stage it reduces the maximum peak tensile forces, thereby ensuring their effective alignment along the length of the drum and, as a result, increasing the yield of long fiber and improving its bleaching.

The problem is solved in that in the section of the basting machine for processing bast fibers, including the skeleton, bobbing drums, each of which has conical and cylindrical sections in length, a clamping conveyor and a visor with a straight edge, the visor is located above the conical sections of the drums and is made in the form beams, which, depending on the frequency of rotation of the drums and the length of the processed fibers, is fixed on the frame of the section either rigidly or with the possibility of springing.

The location of the visor above the conical sections of the drums and its implementation in the form of a beam, which, depending on the frequency of rotation and the length of the processed fibers, is fixed on the frame of the section either rigidly or with the possibility of springing, provides the following effects.

At increased rotational speeds of scutching drums and with an increased length of fibers in the initial stages of scuffing, dangerous tensile forces arise that cause the fibers to break. In this case, the visor located above the conical sections of the drums is fixed on the frame with the possibility of springing. The nature of springing is determined depending on the tensile forces by the corresponding coefficient of elasticity. With this fastening, the strands moving by the clamping conveyor are supported on the elastic base of the visor edge. When dangerous tension forces occur, the visor elastically moves downward, while reducing the magnitude of the tension force. This leads to a decrease in fiber breakage.

When processing short-stalked raw materials at low rotational speeds of scutching drums at the beginning of the scuffing process, there is no tension force that can cause fiber breakage. In this case, the visor is fixed to the skeleton rigidly. The visor can be fixed in a rigid or spring-loaded state using various known technical solutions, for example, using an electromagnetic lock.

The option of permanently securing the visor in an elastic state by springing, regardless of the rotation speed of the scuffing drums and the length of the fibers in the initial stages of scuffing, is not acceptable. This is explained by the possibility, at a constant value of the visor elasticity, of the appearance of resonance phenomena. To eliminate such phenomena, the effect of using an elastic visor with a constant coefficient of elasticity is possible only with a certain interval of the speed of rotation of the drums and the length of the fibers. In other cases, a change in the coefficient of elasticity is required, which leads to a significant complication of the design of the attachment point of the visor. That is why it is proposed to fasten the visor rigidly when processing short strands and at a low frequency of rotation of the drums. In other cases, the visor begins to function in the spring mode.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 schematically shows a longitudinal view (section) of the trepidine section. In FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a section in a beam-shaped visor.

The section of the scraper machine contains a conveyor 1, in which the processed strands of raw material 2 are clamped and processed by a pair of scraper drums 3. A visor 4 is mounted above the conical part of the drum with the possibility of springing using an elastic element 5. For better retention of the material during friction, the clamp conveyor consists of the upper 1a and lower 2a belts are pressed by the pressure rollers 6. The untreated part of the layer is on the carriage 7. The visor 4 can be put into a rigid position (to prevent elastic movement) with by electromagnet 8. When the electromagnet is turned off, spring 9 returns the visor 4 to the spring-loaded position.

Section scaffold machine for processing bast fibers works as follows. Pre-formed (by layering and promina) the stem layer is clamped in the conveyor 1 and fed to the beating zone. Before entering into the beating zone, namely over the conical parts of the drums 3, the processed ends of the raw 2 fall on the surface of the working curved edge of the visor 4, which, depending on the length of the processed strands and the frequency of rotation of the drums, can be fixed either rigidly or elastically. For better retention of the strands, the rollers 6 exert pressure on the clamping conveyor.

In strands of increased length from their interaction with the beaters of the drums rotating at an increased speed, cyclically changing tensile forces arise, having peak (maximum) values of a sufficiently large magnitude, which can increase the breakage and thereby reduce the yield of a long fiber. Under such conditions, the strand, located on the edge of the elastic beam of the visor, due to these peak tensions begins to deform the spring 5, moving the visor 4 down. This circumstance will lead to a decrease in the tension forces of the fiber and, as a consequence, to a decrease in the breakage of the strands.

When processing short-stemmed raw materials at low rotational speeds, dangerous values of the tension forces do not arise, however, in such cases, with a constant spring elasticity, resonant phenomena can occur. In this case, in order to avoid a dangerous increase in the amplitude of the oscillation of the visor, it is fixed firmly on the skeleton of the machine, using well-known technical means, for example, electromagnet 8. When the electromagnet is switched off due to changing friction conditions, the spring 9 will return the visor to its original, spring-loaded position.

Thus, when using the proposed method for producing long bast fiber, it is possible to reduce fibrous losses.

Using the proposed design of the section of the bobbin machine will not require significant capital costs, and its implementation can be carried out by modernizing the design of the existing bobbin machines.

Information sources

1. Markov VV and other. Primary treatment of bast fibers. - M., 1974. - p. 290-292.

2. RF patent 2186163. A method of obtaining a long bast fiber. Publ. B.I. No. 21 dated 07/27/2002.

Claims (1)

Section basting machine for processing bast fibers, including the skeleton, bobbin drums, each of which has a conical and cylindrical sections in length, a clamping conveyor and a visor with a straight edge, characterized in that the visor is located above the conical sections of the drums and is made in the form of a beam, which depending on the frequency of rotation of the drums and the length of the processed fibers, either rigidly or with the possibility of springing is fixed on the core of the section.