RU2298441C2 - Aspiration system of the grain-cleaning machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering; production of the aspiration devices of the grain-cleaning machine.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to the machines used for separation of the grain heaps in compliance with their aerodynamic properties and may be used in the agricultural production and in the grain processing industry. The double aspiration open loop system of the grain cleaning machine has two pneumatic separation channels, two settling chambers with the separating wall located between them, the diametrical ventilator with the windows for an air intake from the settling chambers and the air-withdrawing channel, the devices for the grain heap feeding in and withdrawal of the produced fractions. For provision of the technologically independent from each other speeds of the air streams in the pneumo-separation channels there is the mounted diametrical ventilator with the regulated frequency of rotation, and the pneumatic separation channels have the air-intake windows with the adjustment gear for the windows opening located above the area of the separation and communicating with the open air. The technical result of the invention is provision of the technologically independent from each other speeds of the air streams in the pneumatic separation channels, and also the increased efficiency of the grain cleaning.

EFFECT: the invention ensures the technologically independent from each other speeds of the air streams in the pneumatic separating channels and the increased efficiency of the grain cleaning.

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Description

The invention relates to machines for separating grain heaps by aerodynamic properties and can find application in agricultural production and in the grain processing industry.

Air cleaning with two suction systems installed in series has become widespread, the first of which emits lightweight non-grain impurities from the grain heap, and the second - punctured, crushed and biologically defective kernels. They are closed, closed-open and open.

The disadvantage of closed and closed-open aspiration systems is that the air circulation with the dust content in the system leads to saturation of the injured grains with it, the content of which in the grain heap reaches 60 ... 80% after harvesting, and this creates favorable conditions for living and reproduction microorganisms, their defeat of grains and, as a consequence, the deterioration of the sowing qualities of seeds. Therefore, the most promising are open aspiration systems.

The known pneumatic system of a grain cleaning machine for separating the components of a grain pile by aerodynamic properties, consisting of two pneumatic separating channels in which the grain is sequentially cleaned of lightweight impurities (AS USSR No. 20033385 V07B 4/02).

The disadvantage of this system is that the mechanism for controlling the air flow velocity in the separation zone is located inside the pneumatic separating channels and a change in the air flow velocity in one of the channels inevitably leads to a change in the air flow velocity in the other channel, i.e. the establishment of the necessary air flow rates in the pneumatic separating channels is difficult or practically impossible.

Closest to the claimed technical essence is the aspiration system of the grain cleaning machine according to as No. 1512687 В07В 4/02, which includes a diametrical fan with a discharge pipe, two pneumatic separating channels with regulating dampers and louvre visors located inside them, two sedimentary chambers with a dividing wall, and devices for outputting light fractions.

In this design, dampers are located in each pneumatic separating channel to control the air flow rate. Regulation of the air flow rate in one of the channels in accordance with the technological need causes a change in resistance both in this area and in the entire suction system, which leads to an increase in energy costs.

In addition to this, the design also makes it difficult to establish the necessary air flow velocity in each of the air separation channels, which leads to a decrease in the quality of cleaning.

The technical result from the use of the proposed aspiration system — independent control of the air flow rate in each of the pneumatic separation channels — is achieved by first changing the fan speed and then opening the air intake window in one or another pneumatic separation channel located above the aspiration zone and communicating with atmospheric air .

The drawing shows a diagram of the suction system of a grain cleaning machine.

The aspiration system includes a diametrical fan 1 with a discharge pipe 2, a first air separation channel 3 with an adjustable air intake window 4 and a receiving device 5, a second air separation channel 6 with an adjustable air intake window 7 and a receiving device 8, sedimentation chambers 9 and 10 with a separation wall 11, devices for the withdrawal of lightweight non-grain impurities 12, as well as punctured, crushed and biologically defective grains 13. The air intake windows 4 and 7 are located above the separation zone and are in communication with atmospheric out of breath.

The aspiration system operates as follows. The grain heap is fed by a feeding device 5 into a pneumatic separating channel 3, where lightweight impurities are taken from it by the air flow created by the diametrical fan 1, which are deposited in the sedimentation chamber 9 and the device 12 is brought out. The exhaust air through the discharge pipe 2 is supplied to a dust collecting device (not shown), where it is cleaned and released into the atmosphere.

Purified from lightweight impurities, the grain heap enters the sieve mill (not shown), is processed on it, and through the receiving device 8 is introduced into the pneumatic separation channel 6, where from it the punctured and biologically defective grains that are deposited in the sedimentary stream are taken from it by the air flow created by fan 1 the chamber 10 and the device 13 are discharged to the outside, and the cleaned grain is discharged from the machine via the air separation channel 6.

Technologically necessary air flow rates in the suction channels 3 and 6 are set by changing the speed of fan 1 and / or opening the air intake windows 4 and 7. With closed air intake windows 4 and 7, air is drawn in from the atmosphere by fan 1 through the air separation channels 3 and 6 and sedimentation chambers 9 and 10.

When the intake windows are open, the air is sucked in by the fan 1 both through the intake windows 4 and 7 and the air separation channels 3 and 6. The air flow rate in the separation zone decreases with an increase in the opening of the intake windows 4 and 7.

There are two options for establishing the technologically necessary speed of air flows in the suction channels.

First option. First, the technologically necessary air flow rate is set in the second pneumatic separation channel by changing the fan speed, and then in the first by changing the opening size of the air intake window.

The second option. If it is not possible to change the fan speed, the air flow rate in the air separation channels is controlled by opening the air intake windows in the air separation channels by the required amount independently of each other in any sequence.

Claims (1)

Two-aspiration open system of the grain cleaning machine, including two pneumatic separation channels, two sedimentary chambers with a separation wall located between them, a diametrical fan with windows for air intake from the sedimentation chambers and an air exhaust channel, devices for introducing grain heaps and outputting fractions obtained, characterized in that for ensuring technologically independent air flow velocities in the pneumatic separating channels, a diametric fan with an adjustable pilots at rotation, and in pneumoseparating channels formed with air intake window regulating mechanism of the opening located above the separation zone and in communication with atmospheric air.