RU2268581C2 - Integral method for waste-free agricultural production - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, complex agricultural productions.

SUBSTANCE: method involves process and objects arranged in predetermined manner, and place planned according to relief, with geographic and other necessary factors being taken into consideration so that directions of natural air flows are corrected. Agricultural production includes complex greenhouses, heat accumulator, basin, garden, and wind shield. Air flow directed into garden is saturated with water vapors in gaseous state if increase in temperature is desirable when it is close to minimal admissible value, and in small droplet state when lower temperature is desirable. Processor functions as central controller. Objects of branches in agricultural production are selected so that objects of previous branches make raw material for objects of subsequent branches. Furthermore, joint mutually useful development of these objects at suitable conditions is possible. These conditions are created in complex greenhouse units intermediate with regard to said branches. General-purpose containers with raw material are conveyed through said complex greenhouse units. This results in multiple sequential-parallel utilization of raw materials in number of branches of industry. Method stipulates employment of useful relations between populations of organisms - objects of agricultural branches of industry: symbiosis and, according to kind of symbiosis, natural selection.

EFFECT: increased resource saving, reduced production costs of agricultural product and improved ecology of environment.

5 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to integrated agricultural production by non-waste technology, in particular to facilities for breeding fish and crayfish in artificial reservoirs, insects: vermicultivation and beekeeping; as well as poultry, crop production, horticulture, mushroom growing.

It is recommended as a satellite of crop and livestock farms, utilizing their waste. With sufficient areas occupied by crop production, it is possible to work in a closed production cycle. It can be used on the site of quarries, as an effective method for their restoration, as well as in eroded groundwater or in swampy ravines. All these are ecologically unfavorable lands. From the foregoing, the purpose of the invention is to improve the ecological situation, introduce ecologically unfavorable lands into diversified agricultural production, and also increase the stability of productivity of each sector of integrated agricultural production. Transformation of developed quarries into landscape parks, integrated agricultural enterprises built according to rational biological laws and producing a wide range of environmentally friendly agricultural products. The goal is achieved by rational planning of the relief, selection of industries, based on the principle of the possibility of their interaction according to biological laws and ensuring the possibility of such interaction in the production process.

The inventive pit in the excavation pit or in a ravine corroded by soil erosion, by rational planning, taking into account geographic and geophysical factors, a diversified non-waste agricultural enterprise consisting of integrated greenhouses, ponds, underground water heat accumulators, providing a wide microclimate favorable for gardening, and range of environmentally friendly products: mushrooms; fish, crayfish, vegetables, fruits, berries, honey, poultry. At the same time, the industries are selected so that, in addition to the waste-raw and fodder bonds, their objects, population of organisms, interact according to biological laws, as links in a single ecological system, for example: symbiosis, natural selection.

Known agricultural complexes made by non-waste technologies, for example, patent of the Russian Federation RU 2101440, 6 Е 04 Н 5/08, it is a multi-unit agricultural construction, the main directions of this agricultural production are vegetable growing and animal husbandry, the rest supply feed additives and utilize animal waste . As well as patent RU 94014608, 6 A 01 K 5/00 - biozooagrokompleks, consisting respectively of three structures: barn, greenhouse and poultry house. The greenhouse is partially used for biothermal decomposition of biomass, in the future using biomass as feed for breeding compost worms fed to chickens. Based on the foregoing, the latter patent is a closer analogue.

The main differences from the prototype. The prototype is limited to buildings and does not include the surrounding area, which means that the heat dissipated by the buildings is not useful. Excessive heat does not accumulate. This means that thermal energy is used less efficiently. The prototype includes livestock, and therefore can not be based only on crop waste, as the proposed option. The proposed method uses only waste material from which compost is prepared, in the production process it is reused and involved in the cycle of matter of the industrial ecological system. Directions of agricultural production are selected not only from the conditions of waste raw materials and fodder relationships, but also based on the possibility of biological interaction in the ecological system: symbiosis and natural selection, as well as other useful interactions according to the type of symbiosis.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the stability of productivity, efficiency, resource saving and cost reduction of a wide range of organic agricultural products, as well as improving the ecology of the environment.

Figure 1 presents the layout of structures of non-waste agricultural production by the proposed resource-saving method. It includes: a comprehensive greenhouse 1, a heat-insulated water heat accumulator 2, a pond 3, a fruit garden 4, a wind screen 5. The surrounding terrain, the relative position and orientation of the structures are planned taking into account geographic and geophysical factors so that the most important for gardening periods of airflow directed from the integrated greenhouse to the garden. 1, the airflow direction is shown by arrows. The air stream captures warm air saturated with water vapor and transfers it to the garden 4, reaching the wind screen 5, it stops, rises and can partially return along a higher horizon. During the hot period, it is planned to create an artificial air flow controlled by the processor, cooled and saturated with small water drops, this ensures an optimal microclimate. Integrated greenhouse - a complex multi-unit construction, providing continuous operation of half of the agricultural sectors of the proposed non-waste production method. According to the proposed production method, it is planned to use a number of biological interactions characteristic of ecological systems associated with biocenosis, as well as repeatedly and continuously use the same raw materials for the corresponding number of agricultural sectors connected by waste-raw material bonds, which is also characteristic of living systems. The scheme of interactions between industries is presented in figure 2. Solid lines show waste raw materials and fodder, functional links between agricultural sectors, dashed lines represent links between industry facilities according to the principle of symbiosis and natural selection. The frequency of use of raw materials is shown in Roman numerals next to the thick line. Branch for the cultivation of saprotrophic mushrooms on compost, champignons 6, vermicultivation 7, greenhouse cultivation 8, fruit and vegetable gardening 9, poultry farming 10, fish farming 11, farming 12, beekeeping 13, growing symbiotic mushrooms 14.

The work of a waste-free agricultural complex according to the proposed method. In special blocks of the greenhouse there is a process of composting, the released thermal energy is used to heat the greenhouse or is accumulated in the heat accumulator. Waste from our own industries is also used for composting. Raw materials - compost is loaded into special containers suitable for operation in all agricultural sectors in which this raw material will be used. The further process is carried out according to the standard scheme for growing champignons until the moment when the growth of fruiting bodies and fruiting decline. Immediately after harvesting the main crop, the containers are transported to the first vermicultivation unit 7, where they are colonized by the worm culture, from the family of earthworms, but conditions that are optimal for the growth of fruiting bodies continue to be maintained, that is, the ongoing process of fruiting of mushrooms and the propagation of earthworms go in parallel.

After a decline in fruiting, containers with compost are transported to the second vermicultivation unit, where the conditions optimal for vermiculture are maintained. After ripening of vermiculture, the containers are transported to a block combined with the poultry block, where vermiculture is exposed to natural selection by birds of the corresponding species, for example, quail. At the exit from this block, the process of separating the worms from the humus is carried out. Worms are fed to fish 11, crayfish 12, poultry 10, and containers with humus are transported to the greenhouse crop unit 8, where plants are planted in soil prepared by earthworms. The process of reuse of raw materials ends with the use of soil from containers for reclamation of infertile lands and fertilizing garden soil.

Bees 13 are bred in the garden, symbiotic 14 mushrooms are grown, forming mycorrhiza with fruit trees and bushes.

Claims (5)

1. A non-waste method of obtaining a complex of diverse agricultural products, characterized in that it includes so selected agricultural industries and creates such conditions that their objects, populations of organisms can form an ecological system associated with biocenosis, and they interact with each other, like living organs organism, multiple and continuous series-parallel use of raw materials by an appropriate number of agricultural industries for waste raw materials and feed connections, for which the raw materials are placed in universal containers suitable for the entire group of selected industries, which are transported in accordance with the technology from block to block through an integrated greenhouse, while creating conditions suitable for preserving the productivity of facilities of adjacent industries in the blocks between the branches. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes branches of agricultural production, the objects of which, the population of organisms, in addition to waste-feed and feed links, interact according to other useful relationships: enter into symbiosis and other relationships as symbiosis, are natural selection. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in addition to the integrated greenhouse, it also includes the surrounding area, planned according to the relief, selection and location of structures, taking into account all the necessary factors, so that some of these industries and structures for them create optimal conditions for others: for example, the compost preparation industry provides thermal energy for a complex greenhouse and heat accumulator; they are supplied with air flow during the most important periods for gardening from a complex greenhouse above a reservoir to a garden It provides an optimal climate, greenhouse complex - and even humus for reclaiming marginal and prone to soil erosion, for the needs of horticultural crops and mushroom. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that it is a specific selection of agricultural industries: champignons are grown on compost, then earthworms are bred on it, which feed the bird, fish, crayfish; on humus, obtained as a result of vermicultivation, vegetables are grown, and then it is used for gardening. 5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that to create a microclimate using thermoregulation according to the type of living systems; Thermoregulation, centrally controlled by the processor, according to the testimony of peripheral sensors, is physically carried out by transferring heat energy by a directed air flow with water vapor in a gaseous state, if it is necessary to increase the temperature, and in a droplet state, if the temperature should be lowered.

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