RU2733792C1 - Method for highly efficient utilization of poultry manure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and can be used for effective utilization of poultry and animal livelihoods in personal subsistence farms and small farms, where sawdust is used as a bedding material. Method consists in that the bedding material used for birds from a mixture of sawdust and poultry manure is collected in polyethylene bags, exposed to frost and sun, then used for growing vegetables on it. After growing vegetables, the obtained substrate is used to grow green fodder for birds, thus creating a closed process cycle.EFFECT: provision of highly efficient recycling of poultry manure with creation of closed process cycle.1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for efficient disposal of waste products of birds and animals in personal subsidiary plots and small farms, where sawdust is used as bedding material.

Currently, the used bedding material - a substrate of sawdust and bird droppings, is mainly stored and after a certain exposure is used as a fertilizing fertilizer, which can cause not only pollution of soil and groundwater, but also cause the spread of a sharp unpleasant odor, accelerated growth and development eggs and larvae of helminths and flies, many other microorganisms, which may contain causative agents of dangerous diseases.

From the prior art, various methods of disposal of poultry manure are known, for example: biothermal (composting), heat treatment, bioenergetic (anaerobic digestion), dump in one place.

The disadvantages of such methods are inefficiency and high cost, they require a lot of money, time, electricity and the purchase of special equipment.

A dump in one place, for example, in the fields (https://tv2.today/Istorii/Kak-pravilno-utilizirovat-svinoy-navoz-i-kurinyy-pomet).

The removal of liquid excrement to the fields has several disadvantages. Transportation of large volumes of liquid (the share of dry matter in them is only 2-5%) requires a lot of money.

Such excrement allows infections and toxic elements to enter the soil and water. Also, after applying this method, nitrates, copper, zinc accumulate in reservoirs, grain crops and other plants.

Composting (https://tv2.today/Istorii/Kak-pravilno-utilizirovat-svinoy-navoz-i-kurinyy-pomet).

For the production of compost, any kind of excrement (solid, liquid, with or without bedding) plus natural fillers is used. For example, chopped straw or peat with manure is mixed with bulldozers and placed in piles.

The pile is laid out in layers: the first is last year's substrate, the second is grass, tops, unusable fruits of vegetables and fruits, the third is a layer of fresh feces. The layers are repeated several times, the pile is poured on top with water and left to mature. An increase in temperature inside the pile destroys worms and weeds, and the whole mass gradually rotts.

The organization of special sites is required, as well as the availability of specialized equipment and a large volume of straw, peat and other moisture-absorbing materials.

Processing of manure and dung for feed (https://tv2.today/Istorii/Kak-pravilno-utilizirovat-svinoy-navoz-i-kurinyy-pomet).

About 40 percent of feed nutrients do not have time to digest and come out with droppings, so the idea of re-using it as feed for birds and animals came up.

For example, chicken droppings were disinfected using high temperatures, then undigested weed seeds, fluff and feathers were removed from it. The resulting product contained 20 to 30 percent crude protein. It was mixed with compound feed and given to bulls.

One of the processing methods: poultry manure is first fermented, then processed with formic acid and, adding molasses, is used as feed for gobies.

One of the processing methods: before using the manure as feed, it is first mixed with straw and then sown with mushroom spores. The result is a high protein feed.

There is a known method for the production of vermicompost based on chicken manure according to the patent RU2647904, published on 03/21/2018, characterized in that it includes the disinfection of chicken manure by adding a 0.01% colloidal solution of silver ions to a moisture content of 85-90% and further preparing the mixture with the following ratio of components, wt. %: disinfected chicken manure - 50, sand - 10, sawdust - 30, soil - 10, with a substrate moisture content of 75-80%, the population of the compost worm Eiseniafetida is introduced in the amount of 1500-2000 individuals per 1 m ² .

The disadvantages of this method are the impossibility of creating a closed production cycle, as well as high labor costs and capital costs.

The method according to RU 2647904 is the closest analogue to the invention.

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is the creation of a highly efficient method for the disposal of poultry manure with a closed technological cycle and at the same time with maximum economic benefit.

The technical result of the invention is a highly efficient utilization of poultry droppings with the creation of a closed technological cycle, while obtaining a significant economic effect.

To achieve the technical result in the method of highly efficient utilization of poultry manure, the bedding material used for birds from a mixture of sawdust and bird droppings is collected in plastic bags, kept in frost and sun, then used for growing vegetables on it, and after growing vegetables, the resulting substrate is used for growing green bird feed, creating a closed technological cycle.

Also, to achieve the technical result, the substrate of sawdust and bird droppings is kept in frost and sun for three to four months.

The use of a substrate from sawdust and poultry manure for growing vegetables on it to obtain a substrate after cultivation, then using the resulting substrate for growing green fodder for poultry makes it possible to effectively dispose of poultry manure with a closed technological production cycle. At the same time, the ecological problem of waste disposal is solved and a significant economic effect is obtained from reducing the traditional food supply for birds.

The essence of the method is illustrated by the figures, where

FIG. 1 Method of disposal of poultry droppings, a scheme for creating a closed technological cycle.

FIG. 2 Method of disposal of poultry manure, growing potatoes.

FIG. 3 Method of disposal of poultry manure, growing green fodder.

FIG. 4 Method of disposal of poultry droppings, cultivation of strawberries.

FIG. 5 Method of disposal of poultry droppings, growing cucumbers.

The invention is carried out as follows.

Used (waste) bedding material - a substrate of sawdust and poultry droppings 1 is collected, put in plastic bags, kept in frost and sun for a certain time 2, in the particular case, three months. Then, vegetables 3 are grown on the obtained substrate, in particular potatoes, cucumbers, tomatoes and the like can be grown. After growing vegetables, the substrate is utilized and processed by the roots of the vegetables and is ready for growing green bird food, such as wheat, oats. The resulting substrate after growing vegetables is used to grow green food for birds 4-6. Thus, a closed production cycle is obtained.

The following experiments were carried out.

Experience number 1

Purpose: to dispose of poultry manure using sawdust, while obtaining the maximum potato yield.

Materials used: substrate, potato tubers.

The spent bedding material - a substrate of sawdust and bird droppings - was put into dense black plastic bags. The substrate was collected from 15 chickens, 8 kg of sawdust after 10 days of use. The substrate of sawdust and bird droppings in plastic bags was kept in frost and sun for 3 months (February, March, April) to destroy pathogens, etc., after which the germinated were planted on a plot of 1.5 m² in the resulting substrate 20 cm high potato tubers. Hilling was not performed. In September, the harvest was 15 kg in terms of 1000 kg from 100 m².

Conclusion: at the first stage of the process, not only the disposal of poultry droppings was carried out, but also a record harvest of potatoes. At the same time, the substrate was laid out on stone ground, working arable land was not used.

Experience number 2

Purpose: to process the substrate after growing potatoes for feed and create a closed technological cycle.

Materials used: substrate after growing potatoes, wheat grains, container for growing green forage.

After growing potatoes (about 1 cm), a layer of substrate was poured into the container and moistened, wheat grains were planted and covered with the same layer of substrate, and so on until the container was completely filled. The substrate was well moistened during the entire period of growing green food. The entire substrate was penetrated by the root system of greenery, while processing the remaining sawdust. Then the green mass was crushed, mixed with the rest of the substrate and fed to the chickens.

Experience number 3

Purpose: to dispose of poultry droppings and sawdust for strawberry harvest.

Materials used: substrate, strawberry bush, container.

In May, a strawberry bush was planted in the substrate (see experiment No. 1), and it was watered regularly. Strawberries bloomed and after a while ripe, tasty berries appeared.

Result: The sawdust and poultry manure substrate can be used as a hydroponic substrate for growing strawberries.

Experience No. 4

Purpose: to dispose of bird droppings and sawdust, while getting a tomato harvest.

Materials used: tomato seeds, substrate, three containers (small, medium, large).

The substrate was poured into three containers (see experiment No. 1) and a tomato seed was planted in each. All pots were in the house at the time of growing. Well moistened. After a while, they noticed that the sprouts sprout in all containers. In three containers, the shoots continued to grow until the stems appeared. As time passed, leaves and flowers appeared. Pollination took place by shaking the stem. Juicy, red tomatoes were harvested at the end of July. The taste is no different from the ground ones.

Experience No. 5

Purpose: to dispose of bird droppings and sawdust, while getting a harvest of cucumbers.

Materials used: substrate, cucumber seeds, 2 liter container.

A substrate was poured into the container and cucumber seeds were sown (similar to experiment No. 4). During the entire growing period, the pot was on the windowsill in the house. Then in July 4 full-blooded cucumbers were harvested, but 10 - 12 ovaries died.

Experience number 6

Purpose: to dispose of bird droppings and sawdust in the winter and get a tomato harvest.

Materials used: tomato seeds, two containers and a substrate.

A layer of substrate was poured into two containers and tomato seeds were planted. They put it on the windowsill in the month of October and looked after until the tomatoes appeared.

Experience No. 7

Purpose: determination of nitrates in tomatoes

Materials used: solutions (potassium nitrate, potassium alum, pCNO3-2, pCNO3-3, pCNO3-4), test tubes, scales, portable nitrate meter "Nitrate-Test".

First, a sample was prepared for analysis. Two tomatoes were washed with water, wiped dry with a clean dry cloth, the stalks were removed and cut crosswise along the axis into 4 equal parts. A part of the fruits was taken into the sample for analysis. We put tomato slices in test tubes with numbers 1 and 2 and weighed each test tube (the test tube should not weigh more than 10 g). Then, 50 cm3 of an extraction solution of potassium alum was added to each sample and mixed for 3 minutes. Then they took three more test tubes and added solutions I pCNO3-2, IIIpCNO3-3, IѴpCNO3-4; they are needed to calibrate the instrument, and water was poured into test tube II to drop the measurements. Then the instrument was set up and the analysis sample started. It turned out that in 1 and 2 tubes with tomatoes there was 0% nitrates.

Conclusion: the quality of tomatoes grown on a substrate of bird droppings and sawdust is excellent, the amount of nitrates is below normal.

The substrate after cultivation of cucumbers and tomatoes is also used to obtain green fodder and create a closed production process.

The economic efficiency of the method.

Growing green food for birds according to the proposed method, for 1 kg of purchased wheat grain with an average market value of 10 rubles / kg (3-5 quality classes), 4.6 kg of sprouted green food and root mass were obtained, which is also suitable for feeding birds, because the main content protein is in it. Of these, 5-7% of the resulting mass remains not eaten, however, these residues can be added to the litter or, if accumulated, reused for growing green forage. This allows you to create a complete zero-waste closed cycle.

Thus, the method reduces the purchase of grain feed by about 5 times.

The number of personal subsidiary farms (PSH) according to the 2016 census is 18.2 million. The number of small farms is 174,600.

The approximate number of chickens in one personal subsidiary farm - 30 pieces, in a farm - 50 pieces.

Thus, the number of chickens in private household plots is: 546 million. Number of chickens in small farms: 8.73 million. The total number of chickens is 555 million.

1 chicken eats 40 kg of grain per year. This means that we get grain savings of about 17.76 million tons per year, or in monetary terms, about 177,600 billion rubles. in year.

Theoretically, the fastest result of feeding with green food is observed in birds, 2 weeks after introduction into the diet, better weight gain, early plumage can be observed, mortality decreases, egg production and egg quality improve.

Thus, on the actual waste of the farm (poultry droppings, sawdust) vegetables are grown with maximum efficiency, without taking up additional sown areas to obtain valuable feed for birds.

Thus, the method shows the fundamental possibility of growing potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers and strawberries in artificial soil (litter of sawdust and bird droppings), which, of course, is a promising direction of vegetable growing in artificial soil: in permafrost, on polar and arctic and on mountainous stations, etc.

A closed technological cycle was obtained - the use of a mixture of sawdust and poultry manure for growing vegetables, and then, for growing green fodder for livestock and poultry, with a huge economic effect.

This method can be used by small farms, personal subsidiary plots, national parks as creating additional services for tourists. The use of land plots is not required and, as a result, the violation of the ecosystem of the national park is excluded. The resulting substrate can be used for the artificial cultivation of vegetables and berries without chemical fertilizing, followed by the cultivation of green forage.

Claims (2)

1. A method of disposal of poultry droppings, characterized in that the litter material used for birds from a mixture of sawdust and poultry droppings is collected in plastic bags, kept in frost and sun, then used to grow vegetables on it, and after growing vegetables, the resulting substrate is used for growing green fodder for poultry, while creating a closed technological cycle. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the substrate of sawdust and bird droppings is kept in frost and sun for three to four months.

Images