RU2753766C1 - Biocomplex for production of chlorella - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: biotechnology.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of biotechnology for the agroindustrial complex, in particular, to designing and equipping complexes intended for cultivation of microalgae. The autonomous biocomplex for production of chlorella comprises a cattle barn equipped with a feed preparation assembly and an organic waste storage configured to process and deliver the waste, silos, a chlorella and microalgae growing block. The biocomplex has an open tank with a water supply system and consists of an administrative block and a production block of the building with laboratories and a storage tank. The chlorella and microalgae growing block is formed by open-type bioreactors and a multi-level vertical growing house serving as a closed photobioreactor. The multi-level vertical growing house consists of closed photobioreactors for growing chlorella. The growing house is located in the centre of the building through a passage and is equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation chambers for ventilation of chlorella, located in the basement of the production block. Biogas units for heating reactors are located on the lower level of the growing house. Each open-type bioreactor has a supply and exhaust unit with heat recovery and humidification for ventilation of chlorella and is made in the form of a reinforced concrete bowl with a wind generator installed in the centre of the bowl for additional power generation for mixing and purging biomass through pipes with nozzles. A pump for purging the biomass with carbon dioxide is located at the bottom of each bowl, wherein all open-type bioreactors are located on the slope on both sides of the production block with laboratories at different levels and are interconnected by pipes configured for free flow of the biomass of chlorella, microalgae through pipes from one bowl to another under the impact of gravity. A part of the resulting biomass is therein transferred as feed for cattle and into the silos by means of delivery means, a part of the resulting organic fertiliser is returned to the bioreactors by means of delivery means to create a nutrient medium, and the remaining part thereof is supplied to the biogas units wherein the biomass releases energy by fermentation for heating the reactors.

EFFECT: invention ensures the achievement of the technical result consisting in increasing productivity, improving the quality of the resulting products while simultaneously conserving the environment and expanding the range of technological capabilities.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to an agro-industrial complex, in particular to the design of complexes for growing microalgae.

Recently, in various sectors of agriculture, the use of resource-saving technologies has become a topical direction. One of these areas is the use of such microalgae as chlorella as a vitamin feed supplement and a prophylactic agent against biomass diseases [1].

The biomass of algae obtained during cultivation in the open air is used to study their nutritional benefits as a source of protein and physiologically active compounds. Positive results indicate the need for further research work and subsequent implementation in production [2].

At the same time, in a broader sense, the development of methods for the industrial cultivation of unicellular photosynthetic microalgae is one of the ways of introducing the process of photosynthesis into industrial production. It is difficult to overestimate the consequences of such a phenomenon of a kind of industrialization of photosynthesis [3].

Thus, the use of chlorella in many production branches of society will give positive results, such as increasing productivity, improving the quality of the products obtained, increasing profits, which in the future can lead many industries to transition to a new and higher level of development, while reducing the negative impact on the environment. But for further work in this area, biocomplexes are needed, in which there are opportunities not only for the production of microalgae, but also for its research and further advancement in various industries.

Sunlight, heat, water, micronutrient nutrient media and carbon dioxide are important conditions for productive biotechnological production of chlorella. The maintenance of these parameters is ensured thanks to modern systems of automatic control of the power of the heating system based on biogas, actuators of the regime of feeding with minerals, supplementary lighting with artificial sources of illumination, concentration of carbon dioxide and other engineering equipment [4].

Wind energy is converted by wind turbines (WPPs) into mechanical energy, for the operation of water pumps, movable nozzles for blowing and collecting chlorella, as well as in winter for electricity production, when the main bowls for summer chlorella production are not used and the plant has increased energy consumption. Thus, automation and mechanization of technological processes will increase the volume of this production and make it round-the-clock and year-round.

A device is known - a floating bioreactor, which includes one sealed container installed on the surface of the reservoir made of a soft translucent polymer material with pipelines with shutoff valves for loading the initial raw materials, unloading microalgae and supplying and withdrawing gases from the container. The container is equipped with a horizontal frame in the form of the surface of a circular hollow cylinder, the bases of which are connected by means of rods along generatrices. A shaft is mounted on one axis with the frame. The pipelines for loading the initial raw materials and supplying gases, as well as unloading microalgae and sampling gases are mounted in the bases of the container frame. The bioreactor is equipped with a pontoon articulated with the container by means of single-arm levers mounted on the container shaft with the possibility of its free rotation and vertical swing [5]. However, the known bioreactor for growing microalgae has significant disadvantages. The light-permeable polymer material has a fairly low light scattering index, so microalgae may not have enough sunlight for full growth. The upper surface of the bioreactor is overgrown with algae, and cleaning the surfaces to maintain their light transmittance increases the cost of the final product and complicates the design. In addition, this bioreactor, located in a reservoir, does not have devices in order to often harvest the finished product and quickly transport it directly to the consumer. Also, this bioreactor uses traditional energy sources instead of alternative ones.

The closest method of cultivation of microalgae is known, including two stages of algolization, of which the second stage is carried out in open reservoirs with the introduction of the primary inoculum of the culture, mainly Chlorella vulgaris BIN, characterized in that at the first stage algolization is carried out with the primary inoculum obtained in the photobioreactor, synchronously or with a shift timed multifunctional indoor pools with translucent fences; a secondary inoculum is grown, while the cultivation begins in the spring at an average daily water temperature in the pools in the range of 12-18 ° C; the second stage of cultivation of microalgae begins by collecting secondary inoculum from the pools at a water temperature in open reservoirs of 12-18 ° C and continues to supply it to open reservoirs; Also, a secondary inoculum is partially taken from the pool as a finished product in the spring and autumn periods at a water temperature in them in the range of 8-12 ° C, while an equal amount of water with nutrients dissolved in it is added to the multifunctional pools. [6] The peculiarity of this method is that sewage and / or waste water from heating systems is used as a heat carrier for heating swimming pools. Its disadvantage is that this method is not autonomous, heating of chlorella depends on external factors, and it is also impossible to control the quality of growing chlorella in an open reservoir, if it is envisaged in the future to use it in the food, medical and cosmetic industries.

The purpose of the present invention is to create a complex, the technical equipment of which is capable of providing conditions for autonomous and waste-free agricultural production based on microalgae.

Objectives of the invention: to ensure waste-free and autonomous production of microalgae, to reduce the cost of chlorella due to the proposed technology, to create favorable conditions for improving the environmental situation, to increase the profitability of agricultural production in the Russian Federation, to reduce the consumption of fuel and energy resources through the use of alternative energy sources and subsequently receive livestock products High Quality.

The biocomplex for the production of chlorella is a set of closed and open-type plants for growing chlorella using automated and mechanized waste-free technology with a closed production cycle (heating chlorella as feed for animal husbandry using energy obtained from animal waste, and with the operation of efficient wind power plants ) is completely autonomous and waste-free, which differs from the closest prototypes (Fig. 1).

The construction of the biocomplex consists of two blocks: an administrative block 1 and an industrial block 2, which includes laboratories 8, where microalgae research is carried out, and a storage tank 9 for emergency water supply to open reactors (Fig. 2).

All premises with constant presence of people are designed adjacent to the facade of the building and provided with natural light (Fig. 2). From each laboratory 8 down the slope are located at different levels open-type reactors 4 for growing chlorella, its biomass flows freely through pipes from one bowl to another under the influence of gravity (Fig. 1). Wind generators 12 are installed in the middle in the bowls for additional energy production for mixing and blowing the biomass with pipes with nozzles 10, at the bottom of the bowl there is a pump 11 for blowing the biomass with carbon dioxide (Fig. 3), in the center of the building through the passage there is a multi-level vertical greenhouse (closed photobioreactor) 3 , which is a closed reactor for growing chlorella, biogas plants 7 are located at the lower level of the greenhouse (Fig. 2).

From closed 3 and open 4 reactors, one part of the grown chlorella goes to feed the cattle in the barn 5, and the other (as a reserve) - to the silos 5 (Fig. 1), then as a result of enzymatic and microbiological processing by the body of livestock, organic fertilizer, part of which is returned to reactors 3, 4 to create a nutrient medium, and the rest goes to biogas plants 7, where biomass by fermentation releases energy for heating reactors 3, 4 (Fig. 1).

The basic scheme of such cultivation consists in growing algae in liquid nutrient media in pools, trays and other containers with various methods of mixing, supplying carbon dioxide and using sunlight. [7]

For the device of the "inverted" and upper domes of the storage tank and open-type reactors for growing chlorella, reinforced concrete structures are used (Fig. 3), in which the ratio of the boom lifting the dome to the diameter is not less than 0.2, the wall thickness of monolithic domes is one six hundredth, but not less than 5 cm, and the thickness of reinforced concrete - 25 cm. Reinforcement of the dome in the meridional direction is set on the basis of cross-sections for eccentric compression (combined effect of meridional longitudinal force and meridional moment). The annular reinforcement is selected according to the magnitude of the annular force, the dome wall is usually reinforced with a mesh, in which the rods of one direction perceive meridian forces, and the rods of the other - annular. Additional reinforcement is placed near the abutment of the dome to the support ring for the perception of supporting bending moments, the support ring is calculated for tension, since all the force is transferred to the annular reinforcement of the support ring, it is advisable to subject this reinforcement to prestress, which will allow, thanks to the use of high-strength steel, to reduce its consumption, increase crack resistance of the support ring and reduce the spacing of the dome. The tensioned reinforcement is located in the channels or is wound on the side face of the support ring, followed by the application of a protective layer of concrete by gunning. Prefabricated domes are mounted from curvilinear meridional ribbed elements, construction materials consist of PVC film, lining material, leveling cement-sand screed 20 mm, reinforced concrete bottom 250 mm, insulation 30 mm, base layer 70 mm.

In accordance with the technology, the project provides for the introduction of a water supply system of DN 50 mm into an open tank 4, which provides water for filling and refilling it into the bowl. The pipe 15 ends with a flange, the above diameter provides emergency filling of the pool bowl within 24 hours (Fig. 3). The inlet pressure does not exceed 4 atm, as it is provided by installing a pressure regulator. The required daily water consumption from washing the filters is 14.2 m ³ / day.

Chlorella is heated in the reactors in winter by means of biogas plants 7 located in the greenhouse building itself on the lower floor (Fig. 2).

Ventilation of chlorella in the greenhouse (closed reactor) occurs by means of supply and exhaust ventilation chambers 13 located in the basement of the industrial building (Fig. 2), in open reactors chlorella ventilation is carried out using supply and exhaust units 14 with recuperation and humidification (Fig. 3) ...

Thus, the use of the proposed device for the production of chlorella together with the use of high-tech methods of generating energy from alternative sources and modern materials and structures will bring modern agriculture to a new level due to environmental friendliness and energy efficiency.

The technology of pool (open-air) production does not require high financial investments and is adapted to the expansion of production capacities, and is also capable of producing large yields of biomass.

Based on the above studies, chlorella can serve as a staple food and as a food additive in animal feed and as a minimum as a preventive homeopathic remedy, especially in the form of a suspension, since almost half of the water-soluble vitamins are in the aquatic environment. The cost of cultivating this microalga when using this biocomplex is from 50 kopecks. up to 1 ruble per liter, while the cost of a kilogram of hay varies around 8 rubles. Chlorella can be harvested every day or twice a day depending on the technology. At the same time, the biomass of chlorella exceeds the biomass of grass by 10 times.

Sources of information

1. Selyametov R.A. The effectiveness of using a suspension of chlorella when fattening animals / R.A. Selyametov, I. Ch. Chimkentbaev // Cultivation and application of microalgae in the national economy: materials of the conf. - Tashkent: Fan UzSSR, 1980 - P. 77.

2. Lukyanov V.A., Stifeev A.I., Gorbunova S.Yu. Scientifically grounded cultivation of microalgae / V.A. Lukyanov, A.I. Stifeev, S.Yu. Gorbunova // Bulletin of the Kursk State Agricultural Academy. 2013, No. 9, p. 55-57.

3. Muzafarov A.M. Cultivation and application of microalgae / A.M. Muzafarov, T.T. Taubaev. - Tashkent: Fan UzSSR, 1984 - 136 p.

4. Baader V., Done E., Brennderfer M. Biogas. Theory and Practice (1982). Translated from German and preface by M.I. Silver.

5. RU 2491330.

6. RU 2497944.

7. USSR patent No. 4624169/13, 15.02.1992. Method for growing microalgae. USSR patent No. 699014. 1988 Byul. No. 6 / Zhuravlev, G.N. Makarov, A. Rakhimov, X. Yakubov, T. Vasigov, V.A. Kiselev.

Claims (1)

An autonomous biocomplex for the production of chlorella, including a livestock barn with a feed preparation unit and a storage facility for organic waste with the possibility of processing and delivery, silos, a unit for growing chlorella and microalgae, characterized in that the biocomplex has an open reservoir with a water supply system and consists of an administrative unit and with a laboratory and a storage tank for the production block of the facility, the block for growing chlorella and microalgae is formed by open-type bioreactors and a multi-level vertical greenhouse serving the function of a closed photobioreactor, consisting of closed photobioreactors for growing chlorella, and the greenhouse is located in the center of the building through the passage and is equipped with located in the basement of the production block supply and exhaust ventilation chambers for ventilation of chlorella, and at the lower level of the greenhouse there are biogas plants for heating reactors, each open-type bioreactor has an inflow an internal exhaust unit with recuperation and humidification for ventilation of chlorella and is made in the form of a bowl made of reinforced concrete with a wind generator installed in the center of the bowl for additional energy production for mixing and blowing biomass through pipes with nozzles, and at the bottom of the bowl there is a pump for blowing biomass with carbon dioxide, when all open bioreactors are located on the slope on both sides of the production block with laboratories at different levels and are interconnected by pipes with the possibility of free flow of biomass of chlorella, microalgae through pipes from one bowl to another under the influence of gravity, and part of the finished biomass by means of delivery is sent to cattle feed and silos, and part of the finished organic fertilizer is returned by means of delivery vehicles to bioreactors to create a nutrient medium, and the rest goes to biogas plants, where biomass releases energy by fermentation for heating reactors.

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