RU2536449C1 - Biocomplex - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: biocomplex includes a cattle-breeding complex 1, pyrolyze furnace 4 with the branch pipes for removal of semicoke 5, unpurified pyrolyze gas 6, redundant heat 7 and smoke gases 8, furnace fuel preparation unit 12, microseaweed cultivation unit , grain production complex 34, fertilizings production complex, pyrolyze gas cleaning unit 9 with branch pipes for removal of pyrolyze distillate 10 and purified pyrolyze gas 11, complex of deep grain treatment 37, gas-holder 16, co-generation unit 18, carbon dioxide production unit 22. The cattle-breeding complex 1 is connected with the organic wastes storage 2. The furnace fuel preparation unit 12 is equipped with branch pipes 13-15 for delivery of furnace fuel into the raw preparation unit 3, to pyrolyze furnace 4 and to consumers. Co-generation unit 18 is equipped with the system of smoke gas removal into the carbon dioxide production unit 22 and is connected by heat and electricity lines with all biocomplex facilities. The microseaweed cultivation unit consists of the cultural liquid unit 26 and photoreactor 27, microseaweed treatment unit 29, connected with the fodder preparation shop 39. The grain production complex 34 is connected with the fertilizing production complex by the fertilizing supply conveyor, with the fodder preparation device and organic wastes storage respectively by grain and straw transportation lines, and also by grain transportation lines 36 with the deep grain treatment complex 37, comprising the microbiologic shop 38, and connected by pipelines of grain treatment products supply to the fodder preparation device. The carbon dioxide production unit 22 consists of absorber 23 and desorber 24, with the branch pipe for removal of carbon dioxide 25 into the microseaweed cultivation unit. The carbon dioxide liquefaction unit 28 is connected by a branch pipe for removal of liquefied carbonic acid into the microseaweed treatment unit 29. The fertilizing production complex 30 includes branch pipes for supply of semicoke 31 and microseaweed 32, and branch pipes for output of fertilizings 33.EFFECT: improvement of overall performance of the complex, minimizing of environment pollution, avoidance of formation of cancerogenic and polluting substances.3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of integrated processing of agricultural waste with the receipt of products used in agriculture - feed additives, fertilizers and other and products of widespread use - pyrolysis gas, carbon dioxide.

A known integral method of non-waste agricultural production (RU 2268581 C2, A01G 9/24, A01G 1/04, 01/27/2006), which involves the selection of agricultural production sectors and the creation of conditions with the possibility of forming an ecosystem associated with a biocenosis with series-parallel use of raw materials with the corresponding number agricultural industries for waste raw materials and fodder ties.

The disadvantage of this method is the inefficient use of energy accumulated in waste obtained at different stages of agricultural production.

The installation of complex utilization of agricultural waste of cattle (RU 2167827 C2, C02F 3/00, C02F 11/04, 05/27/2001) and the installation of complex processing of agricultural waste (RU 2167827 C2, C02F 3/00, C02F 11/04, 05/27/2001 are known ), including a source of agricultural waste, for example, a commodity livestock farm communicated with a collection of agricultural waste, a digester in the form of chambers: acidic, neutral, alkaline, methane fermentation, equipped with dispersants, a methane fermentation chamber for biogas and mash is communicated with a fermenter, the digester is installed in a room made at on the ground with overlapping rooms with slabs on which a solid-phase fermenter with channels connected to an air blower and a collection of agricultural waste for adjusting agricultural waste by nitrogen is placed, the fermenter is connected with a centrifugal microfilter, and by the biomass of chlorella and sulfur bacteria - with a dynamic disintegrator.

The disadvantage of processing agricultural waste in known plants is the need for additional energy consumption for fermentation in winter conditions. The biogas obtained in the fermentation process, containing 50-70% methane and carbon dioxide, cannot be widely used due to poor quality.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed solution is the decision on patent SU 1837811 A3 A23N 17/00; C02F 11/04 - Integrated installation "BIOTA", including a livestock farm, a field for growing agricultural crops, a drive for raw manure, a metaten tank, a gas tank, a filter device, a gas turbine unit connected to a storage device and a heat exchanger, a photoreactor with a separator, each which is connected to a gas turbine unit and a microwave generator with placement in its contact zone of a non-metallic pool connected to the separator.

A disadvantage of the known complex installation is the inability to ensure intensive growth of microalgae due to the fact that flue gases enter the photoreactor containing, in addition to carbon dioxide, harmful impurities that adversely affect growth processes, while carbon dioxide is contained in an amount insufficient for intensive biomass growth. In addition, the year-round production of biogas in methane tanks is not economically feasible, since it requires additional energy for the fermentation of manure in the cold period of time, the use of products.

The problem to which the invention is directed, is to increase the efficiency of the biocomplex.

The problem is solved in that a biocomplex containing a livestock complex in communication with an organic waste storage device, a device for processing organic waste, a gas holder, a heat power plant, a microalgae growing unit, consisting of a culture fluid block and a photoreactor, a microalgae processing unit, communicated with the feed preparation workshop, field for growing agricultural crops, also communicated with the feed preparation workshop, according to the invention as a device for processing o ganic waste biocomplex includes pyrolysis furnace with nozzles char removal, the crude pyrolytic gas, excess heat and combustion gases; a pyrolysis gas purification unit with pipes for removing the pyrolysis distillate and purified pyrolysis gas; heating oil preparation (production) unit equipped with furnace fuel discharge pipes to the raw material preparation unit, to the pyrolysis furnace, and to the consumer; a cogeneration unit equipped with a flue gas removal system to a carbon dioxide production unit and communicated by heat and electricity to all objects of the biocomplex; a carbon dioxide production unit consisting of an absorber and a stripper, equipped with a carbon dioxide outlet pipe to a microalgae production unit; a carbon dioxide liquefaction plant with a branch pipe for the removal of liquefied carbon dioxide into a microalgae processing unit; fertilizer production complex with semi-coke and microalgae supply pipes and fertilizer removal pipes; a field for growing grain crops, which is part of the grain production complex, connected with the fertilizer production complex by the fertilizer conveyor, with a feed preparation device and an organic waste storage device, respectively, grain and straw transport lines, as well as grain transport lines with a complex for deep grain processing, including a microbiological workshop , and communicated by pipelines for supplying grain processing products to the feed preparation device; wherein the pyrolysis furnace is communicated respectively with the heating oil preparation unit, with the pyrolysis gas purification unit, with a livestock complex and with a carbon dioxide production unit; a pyrolysis gas purification unit is in communication with a heating oil preparation unit and with a gas holder, connected in turn with a cogeneration unit; the fertilizer production complex is connected respectively to the pyrolysis unit, the microalgae growing unit, and the grain production complex.

The biocomplex may include a device for refueling cars with a pipe for supplying purified pyrolysis gas.

The biocomplex may include a greenhouse complex equipped with carbon dioxide and fertilizer supply pipes and an organic waste removal pipe and connected respectively to a carbon dioxide production unit, a fertilizer production complex and an organic waste storage device.

The device is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a diagram of the biocomplex. The biocomplex contains livestock complex 1; organic waste storage 2; a pyrolysis unit including a raw material preparation unit 3, consisting of equipment for cleaning, grinding and drying the raw material and the pyrolysis furnace 4 itself, with semi-coke exhaust pipes 5, raw pyrolysis gas removal pipe 6, excess heat removal pipe 7, and flue gas removal pipe 8 , a pyrolysis gas purification unit 9 with a branch pipe for removing the pyrolysis distillate 10 and a branch pipe for removing the purified pyrolysis gas 11; a furnace fuel preparation (production) unit 12, equipped with nozzles 13-15 of the furnace fuel removal, respectively, to a raw material preparation unit, a pyrolysis furnace, and a consumer; gas holder 16, which can be connected to a device for refueling vehicles 17; a cogeneration plant 18 provided with a heat removal pipe 19, power lines 20 and a flue gas exhaust pipe 21; a carbon dioxide production unit 22, consisting of an absorber 23 and a stripper 24 and provided with a carbon dioxide outlet pipe 25; a microalgae growing unit, comprising a culture fluid preparation unit 26 and a photoreactor 27; carbon dioxide liquefaction plant 28; microalgae processing unit 29; fertilizer production complex 30, equipped with a semi-coke supply pipe 31 from the pyrolysis furnace 4, microalgae supply pipe 32 and fertilizer removal conveyor 33 to the grain production complex 34, and to the greenhouse complex 35 (if it is included in the biocomplex). In this case, the grain production complex 34 is communicated with grain transportation lines 36, respectively, with the grain deep processing complex 37, including the microbiological workshop 38, and with the feed preparation workshop 39, and straw transportation lines 40 with the organic waste storage device 2. The grain deep processing complex 37 is communicated with the product supply pipeline grain processing (molasses, bran, pulp and others) 41 in the feed preparation plant 39, also equipped with a pipe for supplying a suspension of microalgae 42 from the microalgae processing unit lei 29. The microbiological processing workshop 38 is connected by a pipeline 44 for supplying microbiological feed additives (lysine, riboflavin, etc.) to the feed preparation workshop 39. The feed preparation workshop and the livestock complex are connected to each other via a conveyor (pipeline) 43.

The biocomplex works as follows. The waste of the livestock complex 1 is fed to an organic waste storage device 2, and then to the raw material preparation block 3, where the organic raw materials are cleaned of inorganic impurities (metal, polyethylene, etc.) that have got into it, and if necessary, they are crushed and dried. Then, the prepared raw materials are conveyed by conveyor to the pyrolysis furnace 4, where, under the influence of temperature (400-850 ° C), organic compounds decompose without access of air (oxygen). As a result, crude pyrolysis gas is formed, and the semi-coke, which is a black mass, easily crumbles into powder, which is removed through the nozzles 5 from the pyrolysis furnace and fed to the furnace fuel production unit 12 and through the conveyor 31 to the fertilizer production complex 30. The crude pyrolysis gas is removed through the nozzle 6 and sent to the purification unit of the pyrolysis gas 9. The pyrolysis distillate formed as a result of the purification is removed from the purification unit through the nozzle 10 and also fed to the furnace fuel production unit 12, and This pyrolysis gas is discharged through the pipe 11 and fed to the gas tank 16. The excess heat generated after the pyrolysis process through a heat exchanger (not shown) is removed from the pyrolysis furnace through the pipe 7 and is supplied to the livestock complex 1 or another consumer in the form of steam or hot water biocomplex. In the furnace fuel production block 12, furnace fuel, an analog of M40 fuel oil, is obtained from pyrolysis distillate and semi-coke powder. Part of the heating oil through the pipe 13 is taken to the block for the preparation of raw materials 3 for drying, through the pipe 14 into the pyrolysis furnace to create the desired temperature (600-800 ° C). Excess heating oil is diverted through pipe 15 and sold to the consumer. The flue gases generated after combustion of the heating oil from the pyrolysis furnace 4 are fed through the flue gas outlet 8 to the carbon dioxide production unit 22. From the gas holder 16, the purified pyrolysis gas is supplied to the cogeneration unit 18. The gas piston cogeneration unit has the advantage because it generates more electricity compared to a gas turbine installation, but if necessary to have more heat, a gas turbine installation is used.

Excess gas may be directed to a vehicle refueling device 17.

The heat 18 obtained by burning purified pyrolysis gas in a cogeneration unit through heat removal pipelines 19 is supplied to a carbon dioxide production unit 22; here, flue gases generated during the combustion of pyrolysis gas are supplied from a cogeneration unit through line 21; the electricity and, if necessary, the heat received in the cogeneration unit, is supplied through the power lines and pipelines 20 to the microalgae growing unit 27, to the grain deep processing complex 37 and to other consumers of the biocomplex (the supply lines are not shown in the drawing), with excess electricity and heat can be sold third-party consumers. The flue gases entering the plant for the production of carbon dioxide 22 enter the absorber 23, where the absorbent solution absorbs carbon dioxide, then the saturated absorbent solution passes through the pipeline to the stripper 24, where it is heated by steam to boiling with the release of carbon dioxide with water vapor, then the absorbent solution is fed back to the absorber 23. The main part of the carbon dioxide is discharged through the nozzle 25 and through a saturator or barbator (not shown in the drawing), fed to the photoreactor 27 of the microalgae growing unit s connected to the culture fluid preparation unit 26. Cultivation of microalgae (Chlorella and Spirulina al.) is carried out in a photoreactor 27 continuously throughout the year by known techniques. Part of the carbon dioxide is diverted to the carbon dioxide liquefaction plant 28, then the liquefied carbon dioxide is piped to the microalgae processing unit 29, which consists of a system of pressurized vessels in which the cell walls of microalgae are broken. The process occurs due to the penetration of liquid carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide) into the cells of microalgae, carried out under a pressure of over 60 kg / cm ² . With a sharp pressure drop, liquid carbon dioxide passes into dry ice, breaking the shell of microalgae, and evaporates. Gaseous carbon dioxide is returned to the carbon dioxide liquefaction unit 28. The suspension of microalgae obtained from the microalgae processing unit 29 is sent to the feed preparation workshop 39 through the microalgae suspension suspension supply pipe 42, where it is used to make the feed additive. Microalgae are rich in high-quality nutrients, especially proteins (65-72%) and β-carotene, contain important plant pigments, including chlorophyll and phycocyanin, B vitamins, iron, magnesium, selenium, rare earth minerals, enzymes, nucleotides, linoleic and linolenic acids , and are also one of the main sources of vitamin B12. Finished feed by pipeline or conveyor 42 (the consistency of the feed depends on the age and breed of the raised animals) from the feed preparation shop 39 is fed to the livestock complex 1.

Microalgae with undisturbed shells and the used culture fluid from the microalgae growth block of the block (photoreactor 27) are fed to the fertilizer production complex 30, the semi-coke from the pyrolysis furnace 4 is also received. As a result of mixing, complex fertilizers are obtained (a mixture of microalgae, semi-coke and bacterial fertilizer, which are purchased or manufactured in a separate production), which are sent to the grain production complex 34, namely to the field for growing crops and to the greenhouse plexus 35. The microalgae of chlorella and spirulina contain active substances - growth factors (CGF) and (SGF), respectively, which in combination with bacterial fertilizer (azotobacter and others) not only contributes to an increase in the yield of valuable crops of grain (especially degraded arable land), but and significantly reduces the burden on the environment from chemical compounds - mineral fertilizers and plant protection products, which allows more efficient use of limited land resources, and less effort to support zhanie in their work and it helps to restore the absorption of nutrients, it contributes significantly to the crop. If it is necessary to increase the production of electricity, heat or fuel for automobiles (pyrolysis gas), microalgae with undamaged shells can be passed through pipeline 45 to the organic waste storage device 2.

When using the greenhouse complex, the necessary part of the produced carbon dioxide can be sent to the greenhouse complex.

From the grain production complex 34, part of the grain is fed to the feed preparation plant without deep processing 39, and the organic waste and straw are sent to the organic waste store 2, which also receives waste from the greenhouse complex for supply to the pyrolysis production. Another part of the grain is sent to the complex for the deep processing of grain 37, including the microbiological workshop 38. In the complex for the deep processing of grain 37, starch and / or alcohol, gluten and bran are obtained from the grain. Starch can serve as raw material for obtaining high-quality feed additives (lysine, riboflavin, etc.) in the microbiological workshop, which are piped to the feed preparation workshop in the right amount 44. Molasses, bran and other products obtained in the process of deep processing of grain are fed to the feed preparation device 39 through the pipeline for the supply of grain processing products 41. Of the components received in the feed preparation production - a suspension of microalgae, bran, microbiological additives, etc., animal feed is prepared. Finished feed by pipeline or conveyor 43 (the consistency of the feed depends on the breed of animals being raised and the method of feeding) from the feed preparation workshop 39 is fed to the livestock complex 1.

The inventive biocomplex is a closed production and waste production. Moreover, compared with the selected prototype - a comprehensive installation of "Biota" - the claimed biocomplex allows using: as a device for processing organic waste pyrolysis installation:

- year-round to receive a sufficient amount of pyrolysis (fuel) gas for processing it into heat and electricity, and additionally semi-coke and pyrolysis distillate, also disposed of in the biocomplex;

- recycle animal waste and animal slaughter waste, as well as waste from the grain production complex (straw and other plant waste) and plant waste from the greenhouse complex;

- in the absence of demand for electricity and heat, use pyrolysis gas to refuel vehicles;

- reduce environmental pollution due to the possibility of processing in a pyrolysis plant all types of organic waste (straw, organic waste, paper, animal slaughter products, etc.), while completely eliminating the formation of carcinogenic and polluting substances released into the environment in the process oxidation.

The presence in the biocomplex of a carbon dioxide production unit and a carbon dioxide liquefaction device allows:

- to ensure saturation of the culture fluid with purified 99% carbon dioxide, which creates optimal conditions for intensive biomass growth, significantly increasing the growth rate of microalgae.

- improve the quality of destruction (grinding) of the shells of microalgae, thereby improving the quality of the feed additive;

The combination of the microalgae growing unit and the pyrolysis unit with the fertilizer production unit allows to obtain effective organo-mineral fertilizers. And the availability of complexes for grain production and deep processing of grain with the microbiological processing of grain to expand the range of products.

Claims (3)

1. A biocomplex containing a livestock complex in communication with an organic waste storage device, a device for processing organic waste, a gas holder, a heat power plant, a microalgae cultivation unit, consisting of a culture fluid unit and a photoreactor, a microalgae processing unit, communicated with a feed preparation plant, a cultivation field with agricultural crops, also communicated with the feed preparation workshop, characterized in that as a device for processing organic waste biocomplex includes a pyrolysis furnace with pipes for the removal of semi-coke, crude pyrolysis gas, excess heat and flue gases; a pyrolysis gas purification unit with pipes for removing the pyrolysis distillate and purified pyrolysis gas; heating oil preparation (production) unit equipped with furnace fuel discharge pipes to the raw material preparation unit, to the pyrolysis furnace, and to the consumer; a cogeneration unit equipped with a flue gas removal system to a carbon dioxide production unit and communicated by heat and electricity to all objects of the biocomplex; a carbon dioxide production unit consisting of an absorber and a stripper, equipped with a carbon dioxide outlet pipe to a microalgae production unit; a carbon dioxide liquefaction plant with a branch pipe for the removal of liquefied carbon dioxide into a microalgae processing unit; fertilizer production complex with semi-coke and microalgae supply pipes and fertilizer removal pipes; a field for growing grain crops, which is part of the grain production complex, connected with the fertilizer production complex by the fertilizer feed conveyor, with a feed preparation device and an organic waste storage device, respectively, grain and straw transport lines, as well as grain transport lines with a complex for deep grain processing, including a microbiological workshop grain processing and communicated by pipelines for supplying grain processing products to the feed preparation device; wherein the pyrolysis furnace is communicated respectively with the heating oil preparation unit, with the pyrolysis gas purification unit, with a livestock complex and with a carbon dioxide production unit; a pyrolysis gas purification unit is in communication with a heating oil preparation unit and with a gas holder, connected in turn with a cogeneration unit; the fertilizer production complex is connected respectively to the pyrolysis unit, the microalgae growing unit, and the grain production complex. 2. The biocomplex according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes a device for refueling cars with a pipe for supplying purified pyrolysis gas. 3. The biocomplex according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes a greenhouse complex equipped with carbon dioxide and fertilizer supply pipes and an organic waste removal pipe and connected respectively to a carbon dioxide production unit, a fertilizer production complex and an organic waste storage device.