CN113430012A - Organic solid waste recycling method - Google Patents
Organic solid waste recycling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113430012A CN113430012A CN202110496861.3A CN202110496861A CN113430012A CN 113430012 A CN113430012 A CN 113430012A CN 202110496861 A CN202110496861 A CN 202110496861A CN 113430012 A CN113430012 A CN 113430012A
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F1/00—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/08—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form in the form of briquettes, lumps and the like
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10C—WORKING-UP PITCH, ASPHALT, BITUMEN, TAR; PYROLIGNEOUS ACID
- C10C5/00—Production of pyroligneous acid distillation of wood, dry distillation of organic waste
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10J3/86—Other features combined with waste-heat boilers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
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- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
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Abstract
The invention discloses an organic solid waste recycling method, which takes organic solid waste blocks (rods) represented by straws as raw materials and energy sources, and converts the organic solid waste blocks (rods) into biomass charcoal, biomass gas, pyroligneous liquor and tar through a gasification and carbonization combined process; the biomass gas replaces fossil energy such as natural gas, coal, diesel oil and the like to generate electricity through a steam or gas power generation process; waste heat generated in the power generation process is applied to a steam explosion device, and paper pulp, organic fertilizer and feed are prepared through a gas explosion process; the biomass charcoal, the organic fertilizer and the wood vinegar liquid are used for producing a charcoal-based organic fertilizer, a wood vinegar organic fertilizer and a wood vinegar foliar fertilizer to develop local modern high-efficiency ecological organic agriculture. In the invention, fuel gas, steam, electricity, aerobic biomass charcoal, anaerobic biomass charcoal (dry distillation charcoal), pyroligneous liquor, tar, organic fertilizer, feed, paper pulp, paper, carbon-based bio-organic fertilizer, wood vinegar leaf fertilizer and the like are co-produced in a whole industrial chain, so that a virtuous circle treatment system of organic solid waste represented by straw is formed, and sustainable development is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to treatment of organic solid waste, in particular to a recycling method of organic solid waste.
Background
In the period of summer harvest and autumn and winter each year, the main method adopted for treating the organic solid wastes represented by the straws is field incineration, a large amount of heavy smoke is generated, the rural environment is seriously affected, and even the main cause of the urban environment is affected. According to relevant statistics, as a big agricultural country, China can generate more than 10 hundred million tons of straws every year, and if a large amount of straws are burnt, serious atmospheric pollution and traffic accidents are caused.
In recent years, the nation adopts a strict policy of 'double prohibition', most of straws are used for crushing and returning to fields, and after years of practice, the problems of groundwater pollution, land acidification, low emergence rate and multiple diseases and insect pests are caused by crushing and returning of the straws.
Therefore, it is an urgent technical problem to find a feasible way for the high-value comprehensive utilization of the straw from the field in the whole provinces and the whole cities in the whole county.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to realize the aim and provides an organic solid waste recycling method, which takes organic solid waste blocks such as straws and the like as raw materials and energy sources, combines a gasification and carbonization combined process, a steam or gas power generation process, a steam explosion process and a preparation process of carbon-based organic fertilizer and wood vinegar leaf fertilizer to form the organic solid waste recycling method, and produces fuel gas, steam, electricity, aerobic biomass charcoal, anaerobic biomass charcoal (dry distillation charcoal), wood vinegar liquid, tar, organic fertilizer, feed, paper pulp, paper, carbon-based biological organic fertilizer, wood vinegar leaf fertilizer and the like in a whole industrial chain.
The invention adopts the following technical means:
a method for recycling organic solid wastes comprises the following steps:
step S1: crushing the first organic solid waste to prepare a first standard block and a second standard block, wherein the humidity of the first standard block and the humidity of the second standard block are 10-30%;
step S2: performing oxygen-limited combustion on the first standard block in a gasification furnace to generate high-temperature coal gas and oxygenated biomass charcoal, introducing the high-temperature coal gas into one or more carbonization furnaces, performing anaerobic dry distillation on a second standard block in the carbonization furnaces to generate anaerobic biomass charcoal (dry distillation charcoal) and mixed coal gas, cooling the mixed coal gas to normal temperature to obtain a mixed solution and mixed fuel gas, and separating the mixed solution to obtain pyroligneous liquor and tar;
step S3: the boiler adopts the mixed gas as energy to generate first high-pressure steam, and the first high-pressure steam is introduced into a steam power generation device to generate power and generate second high-pressure steam; and/or
The gas power generation device generates power by using the mixed gas as an energy source and generates high-temperature flue gas, and the high-temperature flue gas heats water in the waste heat boiler to generate second high-pressure steam;
step S4: introducing the second high-pressure steam into a steam explosion device, and preparing paper pulp or feed when the material in the steam explosion device is the first organic solid waste; when the materials in the steam explosion device are the first organic solid waste and the second organic solid waste, preparing an organic fertilizer;
step S5: preparing a wood vinegar fertilizer or a wood vinegar foliar fertilizer by taking the wood vinegar as a raw material; the organic fertilizer, the aerobic biomass charcoal and the anaerobic biomass charcoal are used as raw materials to prepare the carbon-based bio-organic fertilizer, and the wood vinegar fertilizer, the wood vinegar foliar fertilizer, the organic fertilizer and the carbon-based bio-organic fertilizer are applied to farmlands to generate the first organic solid waste.
Preferably, the first organic solid waste is one or more of straw, walnut shells and branches.
Preferably, in step S1, the length of the first organic solid waste after being crushed is 1 to 2 cm.
Preferably, in step S1, the first standard block is made of straw; the second standard block comprises one or more of straw, walnut shells and branches.
Preferably, the density of the first standard block and the second standard block is about 1 ton/cubic meter.
Preferably, in step S2, the gasification furnace is of a back-fire type or a downdraft type.
Preferably, in step S2, the number of the carbonization furnaces is 1 to 3.
Preferably, in the step S2, the temperature of the high-temperature coal gas is 600 to 800 ℃.
Preferably, in the step S2, the temperature of the mixed gas is 300 to 400 ℃.
Preferably, in the step S2, the calorific value of the mixed fuel gas is 1500-1800 kcal/m.
Preferably, in step S2, the mixed gas is cooled by a dry method to obtain a mixed solution.
Preferably, in the step S2, the content of tar in the mixed fuel gas per cubic meter is 5 to 10 mg.
Preferably, in step S2, the specific surface area of the aerobic biomass charcoal and the anaerobic biomass charcoal is 200-300 m/g.
Preferably, in step S2, the specific method for separating the mixed solution to obtain the pyroligneous liquor and the tar is to stand the mixed solution for a period of time to obtain the pyroligneous liquor and the tar by layering; or adsorbing tar by active carbon; or distilling the mixed solution to obtain tar and pyroligneous liquor.
Preferably, the PH of the pyroligneous acid is 3 or less.
Preferably, in step S3, the temperature of the first high-pressure steam is 350 to 400 ℃, and the pressure is 3 to 3.5 Mpa; the temperature of the second high-pressure steam is 180-220 ℃ and 2-2.5 Mpa.
Preferably, in the step S3, the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas is 1000 to 1200 ℃.
Preferably, in step S3, the steam power generation device is an extraction steam turbine or a back pressure steam turbine.
Preferably, in step S3, the gas power generation device is a gas turbine or a gas internal combustion generator set.
Preferably, the second solid waste comprises one or more of domestic waste, livestock and poultry manure, sludge, kitchen waste and dead animal bodies after automatic sorting.
Preferably, in step S4, the steam explosion time is 6-12 minutes.
Preferably, in step S4, when preparing organic fertilizer, the material in the steam explosion device further includes high-concentration organic wastewater.
Preferably, in the step S4, when preparing the paper pulp, the paper pulp is separated from the remainder, and the remainder is used for preparing the organic fertilizer.
Preferably, in step S4, waste water is generated in the paper pulp production process, the waste water and the first organic solid waste and/or the second organic solid waste are mixed and anaerobically fermented to produce biogas, biogas residues and biogas slurry, the biogas is used as a fuel and is conveyed to the boiler or the gas turbine or the gas internal combustion generator set in step S3, and the biogas residues and biogas slurry are used as a material and are conveyed to the steam explosion device.
Preferably, a gasification furnace, a carbonization furnace, a waste heat boiler and a steam explosion device are arranged near the boiler, the steam turbine power generation equipment or the gas power generation equipment, so that the inventory assets are saved, and the repeated investment is reduced; or
The newly-built gas boiler-steam power generation device or gas power generation device-waste heat boiler is used for generating electricity and producing steam.
Preferably, the oxygen-free biomass charcoal is made into active carbon by a physical method, and a byproduct biomass fuel gas is conveyed to a boiler or a fuel gas power generation device; or
And preparing the oxygen-free biomass carbon into rods to produce barbecue carbon.
Preferably, in step S3, the boiler and/or the gas power generation device is used for energy utilization of the mixed gas, and the gas power generation device is a gas turbine or a gas internal combustion generator set; when a mode of combining the boiler and the gas power generation device is adopted, the high-temperature flue gas generated by the gas power generation device is conveyed to the boiler to improve the water supply temperature of the boiler, and the biomass gas usage amount of the boiler is reduced.
Preferably, in step S4, the material in the steam explosion device further includes blue algae and/or aged grain, and the feed is prepared through a steam explosion process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
1. the invention takes organic solid waste blocks represented by straws as raw materials and energy sources, combines a gasification and carbonization combined process, a steam or gas power generation process, a steam explosion process, a carbon-based organic fertilizer and a wood vinegar leaf fertilizer preparation process to form an organic solid waste recycling method, and a whole industrial chain co-produces fuel gas, steam, electricity, aerobic biomass charcoal, anaerobic biomass charcoal, wood vinegar liquid, tar, organic fertilizer, feed, paper pulp, paper, carbon-based biological organic fertilizer, wood vinegar leaf fertilizer and the like; meanwhile, the aerobic biomass charcoal, the anaerobic biomass charcoal, the wood vinegar liquid, the organic fertilizer, the carbon-based bio-organic fertilizer, the wood vinegar fertilizer and the wood vinegar foliar fertilizer can be applied to farmlands to promote the growth of crops and obtain organic solid wastes represented by straws, namely, the invention forms a virtuous cycle treatment system of the organic solid wastes represented by the straws and realizes sustainable development.
2. The invention adopts a combined technical means of gasification and carbonization, applies high-temperature fuel gas generated by gasification to the carbonization furnace, and carries out anaerobic dry distillation on organic solid waste in the carbonization furnace, and has the following advantages: firstly, extra energy consumption is not needed in the gasification and carbonization processes; secondly, compared with the existing pure gasification technology and pure carbonization technology, the biomass fuel gas has higher heat value, the heat value of the pure gasification fuel gas is 1000 kilocalories per cubic meter per square, the heat value of the pure carbonization fuel gas is more than 2000 kilocalories per cubic meter per square, and the heat value of the mixed gas prepared after gasification and carbonization is 1500-1800 kilocalories per cubic meter; thirdly, the gasification is an exothermic reaction, the carbonization is an endothermic reaction, and the carbonization cools the high-temperature gas from the gasification furnace to save circulating water for cooling the subsequent mixed gas; and fourthly, converting the volatile matters in the organic solid waste into combustible gas to replace coal, natural gas and diesel oil to produce green electric power and steam, and converting the volatile matters into biomass charcoal and pyroligneous liquor to be used as soil improvement raw materials and carbon-based biological organic fertilizers.
3. The biomass charcoal has good quality: the gasification is a back-fire type or a down-draft type, because the water is contained in the raw material, high-temperature steam is generated in the gasification process, the high-temperature steam passes through the carbon in the gasification furnace and the carbon in the carbonization furnace to activate the carbon, the specific surface area of the produced biomass carbon is far larger than that of pure gasification and pure carbonization biomass carbon, the specific surface area of the biomass carbon produced by the pure gasification and the pure carbonization is about 70 square meters per gram, and the specific surface area of the biomass carbon provided by the invention is 200-300 square meters per gram.
4. And (3) environmental protection: firstly, the mixed gas and the tar are separated by adopting a dry method, and no waste water is generated; secondly, the tar content in the mixed gas is 10 mg per cubic meter, and is lower than 30 mg according with the national standard; thirdly, the low-nitrogen burner is used, the content of nitrogen oxide is 50 mg per cubic meter, and the content of nitrogen oxide meets the national standard and is lower than 205 mg.
5. The safety is higher: the tar content in the mixed fuel gas is lower than 10 mg/cube, so that the mixed fuel gas is convenient to convey, and pipeline blockage and the like cannot occur.
6. Through the pretreatment to organic solid wastes such as straw, make the straw in the field into high density standard block, convenient transportation, high-efficient utilization transportation space reduces the cost of transportation, reduces the storage area, and is safer in the aspect of the fire control than straw packing square or straw packing circle bundle, the material loading of also being convenient for.
7. According to the invention, the waste heat of the steam turbine or the gas power generation equipment is recycled, the comprehensive energy utilization rate of the boiler is improved, the smoke treatment capacity is reduced, the generated second high-pressure steam is applied to the steam explosion device, the steam temperature in the steam explosion device reaches 180-220 ℃, 2-2.5 Mpa, and the steam explosion is carried out for 6-12 minutes to obtain paper pulp, organic fertilizer, feed and the like, so that the production time is greatly saved, and the production efficiency is improved; in addition, the straw replaces wood to produce paper pulp, the forest is cut down less, the technology of clean and efficient preparation of straw natural paper pulp is adopted, the produced paper pulp can make up the defects of imported waste paper supply, the market demand is huge, the consumption of the wood is reduced, the straw is effectively utilized, and the defect that the traditional straw is burnt or smashed and returned to the field is thoroughly solved.
8. The invention fully covers the treatment of straw organic solid waste, livestock and poultry manure with high water content, kitchen waste, sludge, dead bodies of animals, organic wastewater and the like, particularly treats the organic solid waste and the organic wastewater with high water content by adopting the same equipment and the same process route, and solves the technical problems of high treatment cost, more occupied land and large investment caused by the treatment of different technical routes and different equipment for the organic solid waste and the high-concentration organic wastewater (including waste leakage liquid) of domestic garbage, livestock and poultry manure, sludge, kitchen waste, dead bodies of animals and the like.
9. The biomass gas is used for replacing fossil energy sources such as coal, natural gas and diesel oil to generate electricity and steam, so that carbon dioxide is reduced; the waste heat of the power generation steam is utilized to prepare paper pulp, and the carbon dioxide is reduced; returning the biomass charcoal to the field, and discharging carbon dioxide negatively; the straw replaces wood to make paper pulp, protects forests, reduces carbon dioxide emission, and the carbon-based organic fertilizer and the wood vinegar foliar fertilizer replace chemical fertilizers and pesticides, thereby saving the standard coal for producing the chemical fertilizers and the pesticides, and greatly reducing the emission of the carbon dioxide.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a process of the present invention for recycling organic solid wastes.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an organic solid waste recycling method, as shown in figure 1, comprising the following steps:
step S1: crushing the first organic solid waste to obtain a first standard block and a second standard block, wherein the length of the first organic solid waste is 1-2 cm; in a preferred embodiment, the first standard block is composed of straw; the humidity of the first standard block and the second standard block is 10-30%, and preferably 20%; the density of the first standard block and the second standard block is about 1 ton/cubic meter, and the high-density standard blocks are made of the straws in the field, so that the transportation is convenient, the loading is convenient, the transportation space is efficiently utilized, and the transportation cost is reduced.
Step S2: carrying out oxygen-limited combustion on the first standard block in a gasification furnace to generate high-temperature coal gas and aerobic biomass charcoal at the temperature of 600-800 ℃, introducing the high-temperature coal gas into one or more carbonization furnaces, preferably 1-3 carbonization furnaces, further 1-2 carbonization furnaces, carrying out anaerobic dry distillation on a second standard block in the carbonization furnaces to generate anaerobic biomass charcoal and mixed coal gas at the temperature of 300-400 ℃, wherein the calorific value of the mixed coal gas is 1500-1800 kcal/cubic meter, cooling the mixed coal gas to a dry method and normal temperature to obtain a mixed solution and the mixed coal gas, and separating the mixed solution to obtain pyroligneous liquor and tar; the content of tar in each cubic meter of the mixed gas is 5-10 mg; the specific surface area of the oxygen-containing biomass carbon and the oxygen-free biomass carbon is 200-300 square meters per gram; the pH value of the wood vinegar is less than or equal to 3, and the wood vinegar has more excellent sterilization effect.
Step S3: the boiler adopts the mixed gas as an energy source to generate first high-pressure steam, the temperature is 350-400 ℃, the pressure is 3-3.5 Mpa, the first high-pressure steam is introduced into a steam power generation device to generate power, and second high-pressure steam is generated, the temperature is 180-220 ℃, and the pressure is 2-2.5 Mpa; and/or
The gas power generation device generates power by using the mixed gas as an energy source, generates high-temperature flue gas at 1000-1200 ℃, and heats water in the waste heat boiler by the high-temperature flue gas to generate second high-pressure steam;
step S4: introducing the second high-pressure steam into a steam explosion device, and preparing paper pulp or feed when the material in the steam explosion device is the first organic solid waste; when the materials in the steam explosion device are the first organic solid waste and the second organic solid waste, preparing an organic fertilizer, wherein the second organic solid waste comprises one or more of household garbage, livestock and poultry manure, sludge, kitchen waste and dead bodies of animals;
step S5: preparing a wood vinegar fertilizer or a wood vinegar foliar fertilizer by taking the wood vinegar as a raw material; the organic fertilizer, the aerobic biomass charcoal and the anaerobic biomass charcoal are used as raw materials to prepare the carbon-based bio-organic fertilizer, and the wood vinegar fertilizer, the wood vinegar foliar fertilizer, the organic fertilizer and the carbon-based bio-organic fertilizer are applied to farmlands to generate the first organic solid waste.
By adopting the technical means, the organic solid waste blocks represented by straws are taken as raw materials and energy, and a gasification and carbonization combined process, a steam or gas power generation process, a steam explosion process and a carbon-based organic fertilizer and wood vinegar leaf fertilizer preparation process are combined to form an organic solid waste recycling method, so that a whole industrial chain co-produces gas, steam, electricity, aerobic biomass charcoal, anaerobic biomass charcoal, wood vinegar liquid, tar, organic fertilizer, feed, paper pulp, paper, carbon-based biological organic fertilizer, wood vinegar leaf fertilizer and the like; meanwhile, the aerobic biomass charcoal, the anaerobic biomass charcoal, the wood vinegar liquid, the organic fertilizer, the carbon-based bio-organic fertilizer, the wood vinegar fertilizer and the wood vinegar foliar fertilizer can be applied to farmlands to promote the growth of crops and obtain organic solid wastes represented by straws, namely, the invention forms virtuous cycle treatment of the organic solid wastes represented by the straws and realizes sustainable development.
In a preferred embodiment, the first organic solid waste is one or more of straw, walnut shells and tree branches. Further, the first organic solid waste may also be other biomass materials similar to straw, walnut shells, branches, etc., such as wood chips, bamboos, rice hulls, wood leftover materials of wood processing plants. As the raw materials used by the carbonization furnace are the organic solid waste blocks such as straws, walnut shells and branches, the types are wide, different raw materials are different in material quality and different in heat value, the gas quantity, the heat value, the aerobic carbon yield and the dry distillation carbon yield of biomass gas produced by each ton of organic solid waste blocks such as straws are different, and the difference is about 15%. In one implementation mode, the movable field straw block making technology and the fixed straw block making technology are adopted, straws in a field are directly made into straw blocks with high density within the range of 0-20 kilometers, and the raw material cost and the transportation cost are greatly reduced.
In one embodiment, in step S2, the gasification furnace is a back-fire type or a downdraft type, and water in the raw material is guided to generate high-temperature steam in the gasification process to pass through the carbon in the gasification furnace and the carbon in the carbonization furnace, so as to activate the carbon, the specific surface area of the produced biomass carbon is far larger than that of pure gasification and pure carbonization biomass carbon, the specific surface area of the biomass carbon produced by pure gasification and pure carbonization is about 70 square meters per gram, and the specific surface area of the biomass carbon provided by the invention is 200 to 300 square meters per gram.
In one embodiment, in step S2, the method for separating the mixed solution into pyroligneous liquor and tar is to allow the mixed solution to stand for a period of time to separate into layers to obtain pyroligneous liquor and tar; or adsorbing tar by active carbon; or distilling the mixed solution to obtain tar and pyroligneous liquor.
In a specific embodiment, in step S3, the steam power plant is an extraction condensing turbine or a back pressure turbine; the gas power generation device is a gas turbine or a gas internal combustion generator set.
In a specific embodiment, in the step S4, the steam explosion time is 6 to 12 minutes; further, determining steam explosion time according to raw materials and a final target product in the steam explosion device; furthermore, the steam explosion time of the straw raw materials, the steam explosion time of the wood raw materials and the steam explosion time of the organic solid waste with high water content are increased in sequence; furthermore, when the temperature is 220 ℃ and the pressure is 2.5MPa, the corresponding material is straw blocks, and the steam explosion time is 6-8 minutes; the corresponding material is wood material, the gas explosion time is 8-10 min, the corresponding material is livestock and poultry manure, kitchen waste and sludge, the gas explosion time is 10-12 min, and in short, the gas explosion time can be properly adjusted according to different raw materials.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S4, when preparing organic fertilizer, the material in the steam explosion device further includes high-concentration organic wastewater. The invention fully covers the treatment of straw organic solid waste, livestock and poultry manure with high water content, kitchen waste, sludge, dead bodies of animals, organic wastewater and the like, and particularly adopts the same equipment and the same process route to treat the organic solid waste and the organic wastewater with high water content, thereby greatly simplifying the treatment process and reducing the treatment cost.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S4, when preparing pulp, the pulp is separated from the remainder, and the remainder is used for preparing organic fertilizer; further, in step S4, waste water is generated in the paper pulp production process, the waste water and the first organic solid waste and/or the second organic solid waste are mixed and anaerobically fermented to produce biogas, biogas residue and biogas slurry, the biogas is used as a fuel and is conveyed to the boiler or the gas power generation device in step S3, and the biogas residue and biogas slurry are used as a material and are conveyed to the steam explosion device.
The paper pulp raw material for packaging paper products has huge gaps, and the production capacity of the packaging paper in China is influenced to be more than 1500 ten thousand tons. The straw paper pulp is an excellent paper pulp raw material for producing packaging paper boards due to good bonding strength, high stiffness and high ring crush strength. The invention not only provides a method for preparing paper pulp by using straws as raw materials and energy in a whole industrial chain, but also provides a method for treating waste materials and waste liquid generated in the processes of preparing the paper pulp and roughly refining the paper pulp, and the method is used for preparing organic fertilizer and returning the organic fertilizer to the field to promote the growth of crops to generate straws, so that a straw full-circulation process without waste materials and waste water is formed.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S4, a gasification furnace, a carbonization furnace and a steam explosion device are provided near the steam power generation device or the fuel gas power generation device, that is, an upstream gasification furnace, a carbonization furnace and a downstream exhaust heat utilization device waste heat boiler and a steam explosion device are provided based on the power generation device of the power plant, so that the cost for establishing the complete system is greatly reduced, the stock assets are saved, and the repeated investment is reduced. Specifically, a gasification furnace, a carbonization furnace, a waste heat boiler and a steam explosion device are set on the basis of a fuel gas power generation device, mixed fuel gas generated by the gasification furnace and the carbonization furnace is conveyed to the fuel gas power generation device for power generation, high-temperature flue gas at 1000-1200 ℃ is generated, water in the waste heat boiler is heated by the high-temperature flue gas to generate second high-pressure steam at 180-220 ℃ and 2-2.5 Mpa, and the second high-pressure steam is conveyed to the steam explosion device for steam explosion. In another embodiment, a gas boiler-steam power plant or a gas power plant-waste heat boiler is newly built for generating electricity and producing steam.
In one embodiment, the oxygen-free biomass char is physically produced into activated carbon, and the byproduct biomass fuel gas is delivered to a boiler or a fuel gas power plant. In another embodiment, the oxygen-free biomass char is formed into rods to produce a barbecued carbon.
In one embodiment, the generating of the second high pressure steam in step S3 is performed by a combination of a boiler and a steam turbine, a combination of a gas power plant and a waste heat boiler, or both. In a preferred embodiment, when the two modes are performed simultaneously, the high-temperature flue gas generated by the gas power generation device is sent to a boiler (also referred to as a waste heat boiler) to raise the feed water temperature of the boiler and reduce the amount of biomass gas used in the boiler.
In one embodiment, in step S4, the material in the steam explosion device further includes blue algae and/or aged grain, and the blue algae poison and aflatoxin can be killed by the steam explosion process to produce feed. A large amount of blue algae grows in Taihu lake wantonly, the water quality of the Taihu lake is seriously influenced, the blue algae is limited in subsequent treatment due to the blue algae having blue algae poison after being salvaged and collected, the blue algae poison can be killed through gas explosion treatment, and the blue algae is prepared into feed for recycling, so that a novel method for treating the blue algae is provided. Secondly, many aged grains mildew every year in China, and because livestock containing aflatoxin cannot eat the aged grains, the aflatoxin in the aged grains is killed by a gas explosion process to prepare the feed, so that a novel method for treating the aged grains is provided.
The present invention will be described in detail and specifically with reference to the following examples to facilitate better understanding of the present invention, but the following examples do not limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an organic solid waste recycling method, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: crushing the straws to 1-2 cm to prepare standard blocks, wherein the humidity of the standard blocks is 20%;
step S2: the method comprises the steps of generating 800 ℃ high-temperature coal gas and aerobic biomass charcoal (450 kilograms are produced per hour) by oxygen-limited combustion of a standard block in a backfire type gasification furnace (the diameter is 2.65 meters, the height is 4.8 meters, 1.5 tons of materials are fed per hour), introducing the high-temperature coal gas into 2 carbonization furnaces (the diameter is 2.65 meters, the height is 3.8 meters, 1 ton of materials are fed per hour), carrying out anaerobic dry distillation on the standard block in the carbonization furnaces to generate anaerobic biomass charcoal (about 350 kilograms are produced per hour) and 300 ℃ mixed coal gas (about 2500 cubes per hour, the calorific value is about 1800 kcal/cube), cooling the mixed coal gas to normal temperature to obtain mixed solution and mixed fuel gas, standing the mixed solution for 30 days, and separating to obtain pyroligneous liquor and tar (about 250 kilograms of pyroligneous liquor produced per hour, the pH value is less than or equal to 3, and about 40 kilograms of pyroligneous liquor produced per hour);
step S3: the boiler adopts mixed fuel gas as energy, generates first high-pressure steam (390 ℃, the pressure is 3Mpa), is introduced into a steam power generation device to generate power, and generates second high-pressure steam (220 ℃, 2.5 Mpa);
step S4: introducing second high-pressure steam into a steam explosion device, wherein the material in the steam explosion device is 1 ton of straw blocks, and performing gas explosion for 6-8 minutes to prepare paper pulp; separating paper pulp from residual materials, wherein the residual materials are used for preparing organic fertilizer (about 640 kg of oven-dry paper pulp is prepared, about 160 kg of oven-dry organic fertilizer is prepared, and the paper pulp yield is 70-80%); waste water is generated in the paper production process of the paper pulp, the waste water and the first organic solid waste and/or the second organic solid waste are mixed and subjected to anaerobic fermentation to produce biogas, biogas residues and biogas slurry, the biogas is used as a fuel and is conveyed to a boiler in the step S3, the biogas residues and the biogas slurry are used as materials and are conveyed to a steam explosion device, and the steam explosion is carried out for 10-12 minutes to prepare the organic fertilizer;
step S5: preparing wood vinegar fertilizer or wood vinegar foliar fertilizer by taking wood vinegar as a raw material; the method comprises the steps of preparing a carbon-based bio-organic fertilizer by taking an organic fertilizer, aerobic biomass charcoal and anaerobic biomass charcoal as raw materials, and applying a wood vinegar fertilizer, a wood vinegar foliar fertilizer, an organic fertilizer and the carbon-based bio-organic fertilizer to a farmland to produce straws.
Example 2
The embodiment provides an organic solid waste recycling method, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: crushing the straws to 1-2 cm to prepare a first standard block and a second standard block, wherein the humidity of the first standard block and the humidity of the second standard block are 20%; the first standard block is composed of straws, and the second standard block comprises one or more of straws, walnut shells and branches;
step S2: the method comprises the steps of performing oxygen-limited combustion on a first standard block in a backfire type gasification furnace (the diameter is 2.65 meters, the height is 4.8 meters, 1.5 tons of materials are fed per hour) to generate high-temperature coal gas at 800 ℃ and aerobic biomass charcoal (about 450 kilograms of materials are produced per hour), introducing the high-temperature coal gas into 1 carbonization furnace (the diameter is 2.5 meters, the height is 4.5 meters, 1 ton of materials are fed per hour), performing anaerobic dry distillation on a second standard block in the carbonization furnace to generate anaerobic biomass charcoal (about 330 kilograms of materials are produced per hour) and mixed coal gas at 300 ℃ (2350 cubic meter per hour and 1700 kcal/cubic meter per hour), cooling the mixed coal gas to normal temperature to obtain mixed solution and mixed fuel gas, standing the mixed solution for 30 days, and separating to obtain pyroligneous liquor and tar (about 230 kilograms of pyroligneous liquor produced per hour, the pH value is less than or equal to 3, and about 35 kilograms of pyroligneous liquor produced per hour);
step S3: the gas power generation device adopts mixed gas as energy to generate power, generates high-temperature flue gas (1000 ℃), and heats water in the waste heat boiler by the high-temperature flue gas to generate second high-pressure steam (220 ℃, 2.5 Mpa);
step S4: introducing second high-pressure steam into a steam explosion device, wherein the materials in the steam explosion device are a mixture of one or more of 0.5 ton of straw blocks and 0.5 ton of domestic garbage, livestock and poultry manure, sludge, kitchen waste, dead bodies of animals and high-concentration wastewater, and performing gas explosion for 10-12 minutes to prepare an organic fertilizer;
step S5: preparing wood vinegar fertilizer or wood vinegar foliar fertilizer by taking wood vinegar as a raw material; the method comprises the steps of preparing a carbon-based bio-organic fertilizer by taking an organic fertilizer, aerobic biomass charcoal and anaerobic biomass charcoal as raw materials, and applying a wood vinegar fertilizer, a wood vinegar foliar fertilizer, an organic fertilizer and the carbon-based bio-organic fertilizer to a farmland to produce straws.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the embodiments are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. Any equivalent modifications and substitutions to those skilled in the art are also within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, equivalent changes and modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (18)
1. The method for recycling the organic solid wastes is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step S1: crushing the first organic solid waste to prepare a first standard block and a second standard block, wherein the humidity of the first standard block and the humidity of the second standard block are 10-30%;
step S2: performing oxygen-limited combustion on the first standard block in a gasification furnace to generate high-temperature coal gas and oxygenated biomass charcoal, introducing the high-temperature coal gas into a plurality of carbonization furnaces, performing anaerobic dry distillation on a second standard block in the carbonization furnaces to generate anaerobic biomass charcoal and mixed coal gas, cooling the mixed coal gas to normal temperature to obtain a mixed solution and mixed fuel gas, and separating the mixed solution to obtain pyroligneous liquor and tar;
step S3: the boiler adopts the mixed gas as energy to generate first high-pressure steam, and the first high-pressure steam is introduced into a steam power generation device to generate power and generate second high-pressure steam; and/or
The gas power generation device generates power by using the mixed gas as an energy source and generates high-temperature flue gas, and the high-temperature flue gas heats water in the waste heat boiler to generate second high-pressure steam;
step S4: introducing the second high-pressure steam into a steam explosion device, and preparing paper pulp or feed when the material in the steam explosion device is the first organic solid waste; when the materials in the steam explosion device are the first organic solid waste and the second organic solid waste, preparing an organic fertilizer;
step S5: preparing a wood vinegar fertilizer or a wood vinegar foliar fertilizer by taking the wood vinegar as a raw material; the organic fertilizer, the aerobic biomass charcoal and the anaerobic biomass charcoal are used as raw materials to prepare the carbon-based bio-organic fertilizer, and the wood vinegar fertilizer, the wood vinegar foliar fertilizer, the organic fertilizer and the carbon-based bio-organic fertilizer are applied to farmlands to generate the first organic solid waste.
2. The method for recycling organic solid waste according to claim 1, wherein the first organic solid waste is one or more of straw, walnut shells, branches and rice hulls.
3. The method for recycling organic solid wastes according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the first standard block is composed of straws; the second standard block comprises more than one of straw, walnut shells and branches.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gasification furnace is of a back-fire type or a downdraft type in step S2.
5. The method for recycling organic solid wastes according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the calorific value of the mixed gas is 1500-1800 kcal/m.
6. The method for recycling organic solid wastes according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the content of tar in the mixed fuel gas per cubic meter is 5-10 mg.
7. The method for recycling organic solid wastes according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the specific surface area of the aerobic biomass charcoal and the anaerobic biomass charcoal is 200 to 300 square meters per gram.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pH value of the wood vinegar is 3 or less.
9. The method for recycling organic solid wastes according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the temperature of the first high pressure steam is 350 to 400 ℃, and the pressure is 3 to 3.5 Mpa; the temperature of the second high-pressure steam is 180-220 ℃ and 2-2.5 Mpa.
10. The method for recycling organic solid wastes according to claim 1, wherein the second organic solid wastes comprise one or more of domestic wastes, livestock and poultry excrements, sludge, kitchen wastes and dead bodies of animals.
11. The method for recycling organic solid wastes according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the steam explosion time is 6-12 minutes.
12. The method for recycling organic solid wastes according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, when preparing organic fertilizer, the materials in the steam explosion device further comprise high-concentration organic wastewater.
13. The method for recycling organic solid wastes according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the pulp is separated from the remainder, and the remainder is used for preparing organic fertilizer.
14. The method for recycling organic solid waste according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, waste water is generated during paper production from the paper pulp, the waste water and the first and/or second organic solid waste are mixed and anaerobically fermented to produce biogas, biogas residue and biogas slurry, the biogas is used as fuel to be transported to the boiler or the gas power generation device in step S3, and the biogas residue and biogas slurry are transported to the steam explosion device as material.
15. The method for recycling organic solid wastes according to claim 1, wherein a gasification furnace, a carbonization furnace, a waste heat boiler and a steam explosion device are arranged near the steam power generation device or the gas power generation device, so that the stock assets are saved, and the repeated investment is reduced; or
The newly-built gas boiler-steam power generation device or gas power generation device-waste heat boiler is used for generating electricity and producing steam.
16. The method for recycling organic solid wastes according to claim 1, wherein the anaerobic biomass charcoal is physically produced into activated charcoal, and byproduct biomass fuel gas is delivered to a boiler or a fuel gas power generation device; or
And preparing the oxygen-free biomass carbon into rods to produce barbecue carbon.
17. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the boiler and/or the gas power generation device is used for energy utilization of the mixed gas, and the gas power generation device is a gas turbine or a gas internal combustion generator set; when a mode of combining the boiler and the gas power generation device is adopted, the high-temperature flue gas generated by the gas power generation device is conveyed to the boiler, so that the water supply temperature of the boiler is increased, and the biomass gas usage amount of the boiler is reduced.
18. The method for recycling organic solid wastes according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the materials in the steam explosion device further comprise blue algae and/or aged grains, and the feeds are prepared by a gas explosion process.
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