RU2175916C2 - Gearbox - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport engineering; vehicle transmissions. SUBSTANCE: gearbox has case accommodating input shaft, output shaft and countershaft. Input and output shafts are installed coaxially, and counter-shaft is installed parallel to input and output shafts. Gears of countershaft are secured on countershaft and are in meshing with gears of input and output shafts. Gears are freely fitted on input and output shafts. Reverse idler gear is in meshing with drive gear secured on countershaft and verse driven gear mounted on output shaft. Three-position shifter sleeve is installed on output shaft between low gear and reverse gear. Second three-position shifter sleeve is arranged on output shaft between gears of input and output shafts. This shifter sleeve sets output shaft into engagement either input shaft rim or with output shaft gear, or occupies neutral position. Three-position shifter sleeve is arranged also between input shaft gears. EFFECT: reduced metal usage of gearbox, reduced hydrodynamic losses for stirring the oil. 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to transport engineering, to the transmission of transport vehicles.

 Known transmission units with a step change of gear ratios, containing gears, shafts, their bearings, gear shifting devices used on domestic and foreign cars. (Design of automobile transmissions: Handbook / Under the general editorship of A.I. Grishkevich. - M.: Mashinostroenie, 1984. 272 p.).

 These units are structurally complex, metal-intensive and have significant hydrodynamic losses due to mixing (bubbling) with oil gears in the unit.

 Closest to the proposed gearbox (KP) is the three-shaft coaxial five-speed KP Zahnradfabrik "AK-5" (see p. 165, Fig. 7.3.b.).

 The gearbox consists of a housing with shafts located in it, with the input and output shafts aligned, the intermediate shaft parallel to the coaxial shafts. One gear is made together with the input shaft. Six gears are fixed on the intermediate shaft, one of them is engaged with the input shaft gear, four gears are engaged in pairs with gears freely mounted on the output shaft, the sixth gear - the reverse gear - is engaged with the intermediate reverse gear, which is engaged with the driven rear gear stroke freely mounted on the output shaft. On the output shaft there are three three-position switching clutches, one between the first and second pairs of gears, the second between the third and fourth pairs of gears, the third between the fifth pair and a number of reverse gears.

 The gearbox is complicated and metal-consuming: for each forward gear, a pair of gears is required, and for five forward gears and one reverse gear, 13 gears are required, the unit has significant losses in oil bubbling.

 The objective of the invention is to reduce the metal consumption of the gearbox, the reduction of hydrodynamic losses for mixing the oil in the unit.

 The technical result is achieved by the fact that two gears are freely mounted on the input shaft, a three-position switching clutch is installed between them, a second three-position switching clutch is located on the output shaft between the gears of the input and output shafts, which selectively connects the output shaft to either the input shaft or gear output shaft or is in the neutral position.

 In FIG. 1 shows the kinematic diagram of a three-shaft coaxial gearbox 5R2 (5 forward gears and 2 reverse gears), consisting of eight forward gears and three reverse gears.

 In FIG. 2 shows a beam diagram of the gearbox 5R2 with a table of positions of the shift clutches in various forward and reverse gears. Above the upper horizontal of the diagram are the forward gear numbers (5-1) and above them the designations of the positions of the shift clutches, below the lower horizontal - the numbers of the reverse gears (2R, 1R), the designations of the positions of the shift clutches of these gears are shown at the bottom of the table. On the horizontal scales of the diagram in a logarithmic form, the gear ratios of pairs of gears and gears are presented. On the extreme horizontals, the gear ratios are given to the output shaft, and on the middle horizontal to the countershaft. The tilt of the beam to the right indicates the decelerating mode of the pair of gears, the more the beam, the greater the gear ratio. The beam tilt of each pair of gears is constant on any part of the diagram.

 In the bearings of the housing KP 1 are input 2, output 3 and intermediate 4 shafts, and input 2 and output 3 shafts are installed coaxially, and the intermediate shaft 4 is parallel to these shafts. Gears 5 and 6 are freely mounted on the input shaft 2, which are engaged with gears 7 and 8, respectively, mounted on the intermediate shaft 4. Gears 9 and 10, which are engaged with gear 11 and lower gear 12, freely mounted on output shaft 3. On the intermediate shaft 4, between the gears 9 and 10, a reverse gear 13 is fixed, which is engaged through an intermediate reverse gear 14 with a driven reverse gear 15 freely mounted on the output shaft 3. Three-position clutch A (16) is mounted on the input shaft 2 between the gears 5 and 6. On the input shaft 2, a ring gear 17 is fixed, which is located between the input and output shafts. Between these shafts there is also a three-position clutch B (18). On the output shaft 3, between the driven reverse gear 15 and the lower gear 12, a three-position shift clutch C (19) is installed.

 Instead of an intermediate reverse gear 14, it is possible to install a block of two gears.

The work of the CP is as follows:
First gear
Clutch A is in the left position, clutch B is in the neutral position, and clutch C is in the right position (see Fig. 2, the table of clutch positions above t. 1).

 Torque from the input shaft 2 is transmitted by the clutch A, a pair of gears 5-7, the intermediate shaft 4, a pair of gears of lower gears 10-12 and the clutch C to the output shaft 3 (see Fig. 1).

 On the radiation diagram this transmission is represented by two beams: from t.5 on the upper horizontal left a flat beam 5-7 to the right down, then a gentle beam 10-12 to the right up to t.1 (see Fig. 2).

Second gear
We switch the clutch A to the right position, instead of a pair of gears 5-7 we connect to the input shaft 2 a pair of gears 6-8.

 To the intermediate shaft 4, the torque from the input shaft 2 is transmitted by the clutch A and a pair of gears 6-8, then as in the first gear.

 On the ray diagram this transmission belongs to the rays: 6-8 from t.5 down to the right, then a gentle beam 10-12 to t.2.

Third gear
We turn clutch C to neutral, clutch A to left, and clutch B to right.

 The torque is transmitted from the input shaft 2 by the clutch A, by a pair of gears 5-7 to the intermediate shaft 4 as in the first gear, then by a pair of gears 9-11 and by the clutch B to the output shaft 3.

 In the beam diagram, ray 5-7 from v. 5 down to the right and ray 9-11 abruptly up to the right to v. 3 represent this transmission.

Fourth gear
Return clutch A to the second gear position.

 The torque to the intermediate shaft 4 is transmitted as in second gear, then a pair of gears 9-11 through the coupling B to the output shaft 3, as in the previous gear.

 On the beam diagram, this transmission corresponds to two beams: from point 5, the beam 6-8 to the right down, then the beam 9-11 steeply up to the right to point 4.

Fifth gear - direct with all gears off
We switch clutch A to the neutral position, and clutch B to the left.

 The torque from the crown 17 of the input shaft 2 is transmitted by the coupling B to the output shaft 3. The drive for all gears is disabled.

 On the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by v.5.

 The reverse gears are engaged when the clutch B is in the neutral position by moving the clutch C from the right to the left, while instead of the lower gear 12 the output gear 15 is connected to the output shaft 3. The positions of the clutches A and B correspond to the first two forward gears (see FIG. 2, upper and lower tables).

First Reverse - 1R
Clutches A and C are in the left position, and clutch B is in the neutral position (see the table on the right under t. 1R).

 The torque from the input shaft 2 is transmitted by the coupling A, a pair of gears 5-7, the intermediate shaft 4, a number of reverse gears 13, 14 and 15, then through the coupling C to the output shaft. 3.

 On the ray diagram this transmission is represented by two beams: from t.5 on the upper horizontal left a flat beam 5-7 to the middle horizontal, then a gentle beam 13-14-15 right down to t.1R on the lower horizontal.

Second Reverse - 2R
Switch clutch A to the right position.

 To the intermediate shaft 4, the torque is transmitted as in the second forward gear, then as in the previous gear.

 On the beam diagram, this transmission corresponds to two beams: a beam 6-8 steeply down to the right and a gentle beam 13-14-15 to t. 2R.

 The positive effect is expressed in a decrease in the metal consumption of the gearbox by two gears, a decrease in the hydrodynamic losses for mixing the oil in the unit, and in an increase in the number of reverse gears to two.

Claims (1)

 A gearbox comprising a housing, input and output shafts located therein, mounted coaxially, and an intermediate shaft located parallel to these shafts, with gears fixed thereon, which are fixed with gears of the input and output shafts, the gears being mounted on the output shaft freely, an intermediate reverse gear which is engaged with a reverse gear fixed to the intermediate shaft and a driven reverse gear freely mounted on the output shaft on this shaft between the pole a lower position gear and reverse gear a three-position shift clutch is installed, characterized in that two gears are freely mounted on the input shaft, between which a three-position shift clutch is located, and on the output shaft, a second three-position shift clutch is located on the output shaft between the gears of the input and output shafts, which selectively connects the output shaft or with the crown of the input shaft, or with the gear of the output shaft or is in the neutral position.

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