RU2162419C1 - Gearbox - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport engineering. SUBSTANCE: proposed gearbox has housing, coaxial input and output shafts and parallel countershaft, gears fitted on shafts, one three-position clutch mounted on output shaft hub between gears and two two-position twin clutches consisting of two single-acting clutch members pointed in opposite directions and coupled by shifter fork. One of twin clutches is placed between second and third gear rows, its member being placed on rim of output shaft gear, and other clutch member, opposite to first clutch member, on rim of countershaft gear. Second twin clutch is found between first and second rows of gear, one of clutch members being fitted on rim of input shaft gear or on adjacent gear of output shaft, and second clutch member, opposite to first clutch member on rim of gear freely fitted on countershaft. EFFECT: reduced metal usage in manufacture of gearbox. 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to transport engineering, to the transmission of transport vehicles.

 Known transmission units with a step change in gear ratios containing gears, shafts, bearings, gear shifting devices used in domestic and foreign cars. (Osepchugov V.V., Frumkin A.K. Automobile: Structural Analysis, Design Elements. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1989. - 304 p.).

 These units are structurally complex and metal-intensive.

 8-speed gearboxes (gearboxes) are used, for example, KAZ-4540 gearbox (see p. 63, Fig. 40). The basic 4-speed three-shaft gearbox is combined in one unit with a deceleration divider. Installing the front splitter reduced the unit's metal consumption compared to units of the conventional layout, when a pair of gears is required for each gear, 8 forward gears are realized with 10 gears and two reverse gears require three more gears.

 This gearbox is also complicated and metal consuming.

 Closest to the proposed KP is the unit according to the copyright certificate SU 1654040 B 60 K 17/08 (06/07/91. Bull. N 21).

 This is a three-shaft coaxial gearbox of type 8R4 (8 forward gears and 4 reverse gears). The gearbox consists of a housing with shafts located in it, with the input (primary) and output (secondary) shafts aligned, the intermediate shaft (axis) installed parallel to the coaxial shafts. All forward gears on the shafts are mounted freely. Between the rows of gears there are three gearshift clutches, the middle clutch is doubled and consists of two one-sided oppositely directed half-couplings located on the gears of the intermediate and secondary shafts, the half-couplings are interconnected by one shifting fork. The reverse gears are located: one in the block of gears of the intermediate shaft, the second opposite the first gear on the lower gear clutch, the third on a separate axis.

 KP metal consumption by a.s. N 1654040 is reduced, instead of 10 gears, only 8 is used, but there remains a drawback of the previous design of the gearbox - the free installation of gears on the input shaft. The movable landing of the gear on the input shaft increases its size, which leads to an increase in the center-to-center distance between parallel shafts, and does not allow to reduce the dimensions and metal consumption of the unit.

 The objective of the invention is to further reduce the metal consumption KP.

 The technical result is achieved by the fact that the gear on the input shaft is fixed rigidly (made integral with the shaft), a double switching clutch, consisting of two one-sided oppositely deployed coupling halves interconnected by one switching fork, is located between the gears of the primary and secondary shafts, one half coupling is placed on the primary gear shaft or located next to her gear of the secondary shaft, another coupling half is placed on the gear of the intermediate shaft opposite the first coupling half.

 In FIG. 1 shows the kinematic diagram of a three-shaft coaxial gearbox 8R4.

 In FIG. 2 is a beam diagram of the proposed gearbox with tables of positions of the clutch gears in various gears. On horizontal scales, the gear ratios of gear pairs and gears are shown in a logarithmic form. The vertical beam corresponds to a gear ratio of 1.0. The tilt of the beam to the right characterizes the decelerating mode of operation of a pair of gears, the more the beam, the greater the gear ratio. The tilt of the beam to the left indicates the accelerating mode of operation of a pair of gears. The slope of any beam is constant throughout the diagram.

 In the bearings of the housing KP 1 (see Fig. 1) are the input (secondary) shaft 2, in the support of this shaft coaxially to it is the output (secondary) shaft 3. Parallel to the coaxial shafts 2 and 3, an intermediate shaft is placed, which is divided into two parts 4 and 5. The axis 6 of the reverse gear is located between the shafts 3 and 5 parallel to them. The gear 7 is fixed on the input shaft 2 (made together with the shaft) and interlocked with the gear 8 freely mounted on the shaft 4.

 Gears 9, 10 and 11 are freely mounted on the secondary shaft 3 and are interlocked in pairs with gears 12, 13 and 14, respectively. Gear 12 is fixed to shaft 4, and gears 13 and 14, as well as reverse gear 15 are fixed to shaft 5. Separate gear reverse gear 16, combined with the clutch R, is mounted on the axis 6.

 Opposite the gear 15 on the clutch C, located on the hub of the secondary shaft 3 between the lower gears 10 and 11, the third reverse gear 17 is fixed. The double clutch A consists of two one-way oppositely directed half-couplings: the half-clutch 18 is located on the side of the gear ring 9 of the secondary shaft from the side gears 7 of the input shaft, the coupling half 19 is located on the gear 8 of the intermediate shaft 4, the coupling halves are interconnected by one shift fork 20. The coupling B is arranged similarly to the coupling A: the coupling half 21 is located on the opposite ring gear 9 and the counter shaft 3, a coupling half 22 - for crown gear 13 of the shaft 5. The coupling halves 21 and 22 are interconnected shift fork 23.

 The coupling halves 18, 19 and 21, 22 can be installed differently. For example, the coupling half 18 on the ring gear 7 with the corresponding extension of its ring, and the coupling half 19 opposite the coupling 18 on the ring gear 12 of the shaft 4. The coupling 21 can be mounted on the ring gear 10 of the secondary shaft 3, and the coupling half 22 on the ring gear 12. Shafts 4 and 5 can be replaced by an axis on which the gears should be installed freely, and gears 13, 14 and 15 must be combined into a block.

 The gearbox operates as follows.

First gear
Clutches A and C are in the right position, and couplings B and R are in the left position (see Fig. 2, the upper table is on the right above t. 1). The coupling halves 18 and 21 of the gears 9 of the secondary shaft 3 are switched off (see Fig. 1, the couplings are shown in the neutral position, in fact the couplings A and B are not fixed in this position, but only pass through it when switching), the coupling halves 19 and 22 on the shaft 4 are turned on . The torque from the input shaft 4 is transmitted by a pair of gears 7 - 8, a coupling half 19, a gear hub 12, a coupling half 22, a shaft 5, a pair of gears 14 - 11 and a coupling C to the secondary shaft 3.

 On the ray diagram, this transmission is represented by the two most gentle rays: beam 7 - 8 emerges from t. 8 to the right down to the middle horizontal, then ray 14 - 11 goes up to right to t. 1 on the upper horizontal.

Second gear
We switch the coupling B to the right position: the coupling half 22 is turned off, and the coupling half 21 is turned on. The torque from the input shaft 2 is transmitted by a pair of gears 7 - 8, a coupling half 19, a pair of gears 12 - 9, a coupling half 21, a pair of gears 10 - 13, a shaft 5, a pair of gears 14 - 11, a coupling C to the secondary shaft 3.

 On the ray diagram, this transmission is represented by four beams: from point 8 on the upper left horizontal beam 7 - 8 to the right downwards as in first gear, but then the accelerating beam 12 - 9 to the left up to point 6, then the vertical beam 10 - 13 down and the fourth beam 14 - 11 to so 2 parallel to the beam of the first transmission.

Third gear
We switch couplings A and B to the left position: the coupling halves 19 and 21 are turned off, and the coupling halves 18 and 22 are turned on. The torque from the input shaft 2 is transmitted by the coupling half 18, a pair of gears 9 - 12, the coupling half 22 to the shaft 5 and further as in previous gears.

 On the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by two rays: 9 - 12 and 14 - 11 to t. 3.

Fourth gear
Shift clutch B to the right as in second gear. The torque from the input shaft 2 is transmitted by the coupling half 18, the gear hub 9, the coupling half 21, a pair of gears 10 - 13 pa shaft 5 and further as in previous gears.

 On the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by two beams: a vertical beam 10 - 13, then a gentle beam 14 - 11 to t. 4.

Fifth gear
We switch clutch A to the right position, and couplings B and C to the left. The clutch C disconnected the gear 11 from the secondary shaft 3 and connected the gear 10. To the shaft 5, the torque is transmitted as in first gear, then through a pair of gears 13 - 10, but in a different direction compared to the fourth gear, then through the clutch C to the secondary shaft .

 On the beam diagram, this transmission corresponds to two beams: a gentle beam 7-8, a vertical beam 13-10 up to t. 5.

Sixth gear
Switch clutch B to the right position. The torque is transmitted from the input shaft 2 by a pair of gears 7 - 8, a coupling half 19, a pair of gears 12 - 9, a coupling half 21, a gear hub 10, then a coupling C to the secondary shaft 3.

 On the beam diagram, this transmission corresponds to two beams: a gentle beam 7–8, an accelerating beam 12–9, to the left, up to point 6.

Seventh gear
We switch couplings A and B to the left position, all couplings are in the left position. The torsion moment is transmitted from the input shaft 2 by a coupling half 18, a pair of gears 9 - 12, a coupling half 22, a pair of gears 13 - 10 as in fifth gear, then the coupling C to the secondary shaft.

 In the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by two rays: beam 9 - 12 steeply to the right down, beam 13 - 10 vertically up to t. 7.

Eighth gear - direct
Switch clutch B to the right position. The torque from the input shaft 2 is transmitted by the coupling half 18, the gear hub 9, the coupling half 21, the gear hub 10, then by the coupling C to the secondary shaft 3. The torque is transmitted between the shafts directly without transformation by the gear pairs.

 On the beam diagram, this transmission corresponds to point 8.

Reversing
The clutch C is in the neutral position, and the clutch R in the right position engages a separate reverse gear 16 in engagement with the gears 15 of the shaft 5 and 17 of the secondary shaft 3. The positions of the other couplings correspond to forward gears.

First Reverse - 1R
Clutch A is in the right position and clutch B is in the left (see Fig. 2, lower table, right column under t. 1R). Torque from the input shaft 2 is transmitted by a pair of gears 7 - 8, the coupling half 19, the hub of the gear 12, the coupling half 22, the shaft 5, a number of reverse gears 15 - 16 - 17 and through the coupling C to the secondary shaft 3, which rotates in the opposite direction rotation of the input shaft.

 On the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by two gentle beams directed from t. 8 from left to top right down to t. 1R.

Second Reverse - 2R
Switch clutch R to the right position. Up to the shaft 5, the torque is transmitted as in the second forward gear, then as in the previous gear.

 In the beam diagram, this transmission corresponds to four beams: a flat beam 7–8, an accelerating beam 12–9 to the left up to t. 6, a vertical beam 10–13 down, and a gentle beam 15–16–17 to t. 2R.

Third Reverse 3R
We switch couplings A and B to the left position. From the input shaft 2, the torque is transmitted by the coupling half 18, a pair of gears 9 - 12, the coupling half 22, further as in previous gears.

 On the beam diagram, this transmission corresponds to two beams: 9 - 12 steeply down to the right, then a gentle beam 15 - 16 - 17 also to the right down to t. 3R.

Fourth Reverse - 4R
Switch clutch B to the right position. Torque is transmitted from the input shaft 2 by a coupling half 18, a gear hub 9, a coupling half 21, a pair of gears 10 - 13, further as in previous gears.

 On the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by two beams: a vertical beam 10 - 13 down, then a gentle beam 15 - 16 - 17 to t. 4R.

 A positive effect is expressed in reducing the metal consumption of the gearbox by reducing the diameter of the gear wheel of the input shaft, and hence the center-to-center distance between parallel shafts and the dimensions of the unit.

Claims (1)

 A gearbox comprising a housing with input, output and intermediate shafts located in it, the input and output shafts being installed coaxially, and the intermediate shaft is parallel to these shafts, three gears of the intermediate shaft are combined into a block, two of them are mutually interlocked with lower gears, freely mounted on the output shaft, between these gears on the output shaft hub there is a three-position switching clutch on which the reverse gear is mounted, the reverse gear is locked Lena in the middle part of the gear unit of the intermediate shaft, a separate reverse gear with a shift clutch is mounted on an axis, a two-position double shift clutch, consisting of two oppositely deployed single-acting coupling halves interconnected by a shift fork, is located between the second and third rows of gears, one coupling half is mounted on the crown of one of the gears freely mounted on the output shaft, the other coupling half is installed opposite the first coupling half on the gear ring of the intermediate shaft, about characterized by the fact that the gear on the input shaft is fixed rigidly, between the first and second rows of gears there is a two-position double switching clutch, consisting of two oppositely deployed single-acting coupling halves interconnected by a switching fork, one half coupling is mounted on the input gear pinion gear or on the adjacent output gear shaft, another coupling half is installed opposite the first coupling half on the gear ring, freely mounted on the intermediate shaft.

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