RU2176193C2 - Transfer case - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering. SUBSTANCE: differential is installed at outlet of short tubular shaft of two-shaft eight-range non-axial transfer case of low metal usage with gears freely fitted on shafts. One differential gear is secured on rear axle drive shaft, and other gear is secured on front axle drive shaft passing inside short tubular shaft. Three-position sleeve at outside of short tubular shaft engages with rims of differential and (or) front axle drive shaft. Invention provides possibility of choosing modes of drive shaft operation, namely, front drive, wheel arrangement 4x2, differential, or interlocked drives, wheel arrangement 4x4. EFFECT: enlarged operating capabilities of vehicle. 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to transport engineering, to the transmission of transport vehicles.

 Known transmission units with a step change in gear ratios and torque distribution between output shafts containing gears, shafts, bearings, gear shifting devices used in domestic and foreign cars (Osepchugov V.V., Frumkin A.K. Automobile: structural analysis, elements of calculation. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1989. - 304 p.).

 These units are structurally complex and metal-intensive.

 Find eight-speed gearboxes (gearboxes) combined with a transfer case (RC), for example, gearboxes of the KAZ-4640 car (see p. 63, Fig. 40).

This multi-stage transfer case (RTO) is also complex and metal-intensive, it has insufficient operational capabilities, it cannot be used with a basic two-shaft non-axial gearbox;
Two-shaft non-axial gearboxes are used in front-wheel drive cars not only with the transverse arrangement of the engine and transmission, but also with their longitudinal layout, for example, the M-2141 car. Front-wheel drive cars are often the basis for creating all-wheel drive modifications, and the car can work in both front-wheel drive and all-wheel drive versions.

 Known eight-stage misaligned differential RK of small metal according to patent N 2021916 (Bull. N 20 from 10.30.94).

 PK contains a crankcase with shafts arranged parallel to it, on which gears are freely mounted, and on the input shaft two gears are separate and three are combined into a block, one of them is engaged with a gear mounted on a short tubular differential drive shaft, a shaft is located inside this shaft front axle drive, one central differential gear fixed to the rear axle drive shaft, another central differential gear fixed to the front axle drive shaft, on which a separate gear is mounted I, meshed with the gear of the input shaft block, as well as two gears combined in the block and meshed with separate gears of the input shaft, have three-position gearshift couplings installed between the individual gears, oppositely deployed coupling halves are installed on the gear rims of the individual gears located next to the gear blocks single acting, interconnected by one shift fork, a separate reverse gear with a shift clutch is mounted on an axis between the drive and driven gears his turn.

 This RK limits the operational capabilities of the vehicle, as provides work only in modes with a 4x4 wheel formula.

 The objective of the invention is to expand the operational capabilities of the vehicle by increasing the ability to select the operating mode of the drive axles.

 The technical result is achieved by the fact that the leading reverse gear is fixed in the middle part of the input gear block, the driven reverse gear is fixed on the three-position coupling of the short tubular differential drive shaft, this shaft is divided into two parts, a ring gear is fixed between them on the front axle drive shaft , on both sides of it there are gear rims, one of them is fixed on the differential case, and the other on a short tubular shaft, on this gear rim there is a three-position clutch for selectively connecting or crown of the front axle drive shaft or with the housing of the differential crown or three crowns simultaneously.

 In FIG. 1 shows the kinematic diagram of an off-axis MRK 8R4 (8 forward gears and 4 reverse gears) with a symmetric differential and a three-position clutch for controlling this differential. Clutches A, B and C are shown in the neutral position, in fact the coupling halves B are not fixed in this position, but only pass it when shifting gears, the clutch R in the left position is turned off.

 In FIG. Figure 2 presents a beam diagram with a table of positions of the shift clutches in various gears, the numbers of which (8--1) are indicated above the upper horizontal. Reverse gears are indicated below the lower horizontal (4R - 1R). On the horizontal scales of the radiation diagram in a logarithmic form, the gear ratios of gear pairs and gears are presented. A vertical beam indicates a gear ratio of one. The tilt of the beam to the right characterizes the decelerating mode of operation of a pair of gears, the more the beam, the greater the gear ratio. The tilt of the beam to the left indicates the accelerating mode of operation of a pair of gears. The tilt of the beam of each pair of gears, constant on any part of the radiation diagram.

 In the bearings of the crankcase MRK 1 (see Fig. 1) the primary shaft 2 and the short tubular shaft 3 of the differential drive are located in parallel. The drive shaft of the front axle 4 is installed inside the short tubular shaft 3, the rear axle drive shaft 5 is located coaxially with these shafts. The gears 6-9 are freely mounted on the input shaft 2, the gears 8 and 9 are combined into a block 10, on which the driving gear is also fixed 11. On the drive shaft of the front axle 4, gears 12, 13 and 14 are freely mounted, which are engaged with gears 6, 7 and 8. respectively. Gear 15 is also freely mounted on a short tubular shaft 3 and engaged with gear 9. Gears 12 and 13 are combined into block 16. On the hub p the primary shaft 2 between the gears 6 and 7 is a three-position clutch 17 (A). Single-acting coupling halves 18 and 19 (B) are mounted on the gear rims of gears 7 and 14, they are interconnected by a shift fork 20. Three-position coupling 21 (C) is installed on the hub of a short tubular shaft 3 between gears 14 and 15, a driven rear gear is fixed on the coupling 21 22. Between the gears 11 and 22 on the axis there is a separate reverse gear 23, combined with a shift clutch R. A gear ring 24 is fixed at the output of the short tubular shaft 3, a gear ring 25 is located next to it, fixed to the front drive shaft osta 4. A gear ring 26 of the differential carrier 27 is located next to the crown 25. The differential carrier (carrier) 27 is installed in the movable support of the crankcase of the MPC 1. The satellites 28 are mounted on the axis (crosspiece) 29 and engaged with the gear 30, which is mounted on the drive shaft 4 the front axle, and with gear 31, which is mounted on the shaft 5 of the rear axle drive. On the ring gear 24, a clutch 32 (D) for switching the differential operating modes is located.

 Single-acting coupling halves 18 and 19 can be installed differently: coupling half 18 on the gear ring 8 of the input shaft 2, and coupling half 19 on the gear ring 13 of the front axle drive shaft 4.

 The differential may be symmetrical, as in FIG. 1, and distribute the torque both between the bridges with a 4x4 wheel arrangement, and between the bridge trolleys with an 8x8 wheel arrangement, etc., or asymmetric between the bridge and the bridge trolley with a 6x4 wheel arrangement.

 MRK can be combined with other misaligned gearboxes with gears freely mounted on the shafts, for example, gearboxes according to ed. St. NN: 1654038, 1717418, 1773746.

 The work of RTOs is as follows.

First gear
Clutches A, B and R are in the left position, and clutch C is in the right position (see Fig. 2, the positions of the switching clutches in the table on the right above t. 1). The torque from the input shaft 2 (see Fig. 1) is transmitted by a pair of gears 6-12, a tubular shaft 16 of the gear unit, a coupling half 19, (the coupling half 18 is turned off), a pair of sherter gears 14-8, a tubular shaft 10 of the gear unit, a pair of gears 9 -15, through coupling C to the tubular shaft 3. From the hub 24 of the tubular shaft 3, the torque is supplied to the crown 26 of the carrier 27 of the differential or crown 25 of the drive shaft of the front axle 4.

 In the beam diagram (see Fig. 2), this transmission corresponds to three beams connected in series: from t. 0 on the middle horizontal from the left a gentle beam 6-12 to the right up to t. 5, then the ray 14-8 down to the middle horizontal and the most gentle beam 9-15 to t. 1 on the upper horizontal.

The coupling D (32) can provide three operating modes:
I - the coupling D (32) is in the extreme left position (see Fig. 1, the lower position of the coupling 32): the left crown of the coupling D is connected to the crown 24 of the short tubular shaft 3, and the right crown to the crown 25 of the front axle drive shaft 4 . In this position of the D clutch, the differential is disconnected and no torque is supplied to the rear axle - the transmission operates in front-wheel drive mode with a 4x2 wheel arrangement.

 II - we shift the coupling D one step to the right (see Fig. 1, the position of the coupling 32 above the crankcase 1): the left crown of the coupling D is also connected to the crown 24 of the tubular shaft 3, and the right crown is connected to the crown 26 of the differential housing 27. Torque with a cross 29 and 28 satellites are distributed on gears 30 and 31, and from them to the front and rear axles - the transmission operates in differential mode with a 4x4 wheel arrangement.

 III - we shift the coupling D to the extreme right position (see Fig. 1, the position of the coupling 32 at the upper left of the differential 27): coupling D with the left crown connects the crown 24 of the short tubular shaft 3 with the crown 25 of the front axle drive 4, the right crown of the coupling 32 ( D) interconnected with the crown 26 of differential 27. The transmission operates in a locked mode with a 4x4 wheel arrangement.

Second gear
We switch clutch B to the right position (see Fig. 2), the table above t. 2), the coupling half 19 is turned off, and the coupling half 18 is turned on, while turning off the pair of gears 14-8 and turning on the pair of gears 13-7. The torque from the input shaft 2 (see Fig. 1) is transmitted by a pair of gears 6-12, a tubular shaft 16 of the gear block, a pair of gears 13-7, a coupling half 18, the tubular shaft 10 of the gear block and then as in the previous gear.

 Three beams correspond to this transmission on the radiation diagram: from t. 0 a gentle beam 6-12 to the right upwards, then a vertical beam 13-7 down, then a gentle beam 9-15 to the right up to t. 2.

Third gear
We switch the clutch A to the right position, and the clutch B to the left position: instead of a pair of gears 6-12, we turn on a pair of gears 7-13, and the coupling halves 18 and 19 are returned to the first gear position. Torque is transmitted from the input shaft 2 by a pair of gears 7-13, coupling half 19 and further as in 1st gear.

 Three rays belong to this transmission in the radiation diagram: from t. 0, a vertical ray 7–13 up to t. 7, then a ray 14–8 to the right down, then a gentle beam 9–15 to the right up to t. 3.

Fourth gear
We return the clutch B to the right position, as in second gear - we turn off two pairs of gears from work. The torque from the input shaft 2 is transmitted by the clutch A, the flange and the rims of the gear 7, the coupling half 18, a pair of gears 8-14 and further as in previous gears.

 On the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by a gentle beam 9-15 from t. 0 to t. 4.

Fifth gear
All couplings are in the left position - instead of a pair of gears 9-15, we include a pair of gears 6-12. The torque is transmitted from the input shaft 2 by a pair of gears 6-12, the tubular shaft 16 of the gear block, the coupling half 19, the flange and the gears rims 14, the coupling 21 (C) to the short tubular shaft 3 and further as in previous gears.

 On the beam diagram this transmission corresponds to a gentle beam 6-12 from t. 0 to the right up to t. 5.

Sixth gear
We switch clutch B to the right position - turn on two more pairs of gears. The torque from the input shaft 2 to the gear 8 is transmitted as in the 2nd gear, then a pair of gears 8-14, which, in comparison with the first gear, works in the other direction, by the coupling C to the tubular shaft 3, then as in the previous gears.

 On the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by three beams: a gentle beam 6-12 to the right up to t. 5, then a vertical beam 13-7 to the bottom, then the beam 8-14 to the left is steep up to t.

Seventh gear
Clutch A in the right position, the rest of the clutch in the left position - two pairs of gears are turned off from work. Torque from the input shaft 2 is transmitted by a pair of gears 7-13, coupling half 19, then as in 5th gear.

 On the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by a vertical beam to T. 7.

Eighth gear - accelerating
Switch clutch B to the right position. Torque is transmitted from the input shaft 2 by the clutch 17 (A), the gear flange and rims 7, the coupling half 18, the pair of gears 8-14, which works in a different direction compared to the 1st and 3rd gears, further as in the previous gear .

 On the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by a ray of 8-14 from t. 0 to the left, steeply up to t. 8.

 The reverse gears are engaged by moving the clutch R from the left to the right position, the clutch C must be in the neutral position, while the separate reverse gear 23 will engage with the drive gear 11 and the driven gear 22. The positions of the remaining couplings correspond to the positions of the four first forward gears (see Fig. 2, lower and upper tables).

First Reverse - 1R
Clutches A and B are in the left position, clutch C is in the neutral position, and clutch R is in the right position (see Fig. 2, the lower table is to the right under t. 1R). The torque from the input shaft 2 to the gear block 8 and 9 of the input shaft is transmitted as in the first forward gear, from the gear block the torque is transmitted by a number of reverse gears 11-23-22 and through the coupling C to a short tubular shaft 3, then both previous gears (see Fig. 1).

 Three rays correspond to this transmission in the radiation diagram: from t. 0 on the left horizontal axis a gentle beam 6-12 to the right up to t. 5, then a ray 14-8 to the right down, then a gentle beam 11-23-22 also to the right down to T. 1R.

Second Reverse - 2R
We turn clutch B to the right position, compared to the first reverse gear, we turned off a pair of gears 14-8 and replaced it with a pair of gears 13-7. The torque to gear block 8-11-9 is transmitted as in second forward gear, and from the block as in previous gear.

 Three rays belong to this transmission in the radiation diagram: a gentle beam 6-12 to the right up, a vertical beam 13-7 to the bottom, and then a gentle beam 11-23-22 also to the right to point 2R.

Third Reverse - 3R
We switch couplings A and B to opposite positions. The torque to the gear unit 8-11-9 is transmitted as in third forward gear, then as in two previous gears.

 Three beams correspond to this transmission in the beam diagram: from t. 0, the vertical beam is 7-13 up to t. 7, then the beam 14-8 is right down, then the gentle beam 11-23-22 is right down to t. 3R.

Fourth Reverse - 4R
We switch clutch B to the right position - turn off two pairs of gears from work. The torque from the input shaft 2 is transmitted to the gear unit 8-11-9 both in 4th and 8th forward gears, then by a number of reverse gears 11-23-22, with clutch C to a short tubular shaft 3 and further in accordance with the operating mode specified by the clutch D (see Fig. 1).

 In the radiation diagram of this transmission, one flat beam 11-23-22 belongs to the right down to t. 4R (see Fig. 2).

 A positive effect is expressed in expanding the operational capabilities of the vehicle - three operating modes of connecting the leading bridges.

Claims (1)

 A transfer case containing a crankcase with shafts arranged parallel to it, on which gears are freely mounted, and on the input shaft two gears are separate and three are combined into a block, one of which is engaged with a gear mounted on a short tubular differential drive shaft inside this shaft the front axle drive shaft is located, one central differential gear is fixed to the rear axle drive shaft, another central differential gear is fixed to the front axle drive shaft, on which There is a separate gear engaged with the gear of the input shaft unit, as well as two gears combined into the unit and engaged with the individual gears of the input shaft, three-position gearshift clutches are installed between the individual gears, half gear couplings are installed on the gear rims of the individual gears located next to the gear units single-acting, interconnected by one shift fork, a separate reverse gear with a shift clutch is mounted on the axis between the leading and driven rear gears move, characterized in that the reverse gear is fixed in the middle of the input shaft gear block, the reverse gear is mounted on the three-position clutch of the short tubular differential drive shaft, this shaft is divided into two parts, a ring gear is fixed between them on the front axle drive shaft , on either side of it there are gear rims, one of them is mounted on the differential case, and the other on a short tubular shaft, on this gear rim there is a three-position clutch for optional compounds or with a crown of the front axle drive shaft, with a crown or the differential housing, or three crowns simultaneously.

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