RU2529934C1 - Five-speed gearbox - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: five gears are installed at the layshaft of a gearbox, three of them are fixed. A three-position shift collar of the layshaft is installed between two freely mounted gears engaged with the gears fixed at the input shaft, the input shaft bearing is set in the tubular end where a gear is freely mounted and the three-position shift collar is located. The three-position shift collar is located between freely mounted gears.

EFFECT: expanded performance and layout characteristics of a vehicle due to self-regulation and increased range of a gearbox at the transfer of the bearing from the input shaft end to the output shaft end, smaller dimensions and weight per one pair of gears due to the introduction of a splitter, better GB durability due to increased rigidity of shafts at their shorter length.

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Description

The invention relates to transport engineering, to the transmission of transport vehicles.

Transmission aggregates are known - gearboxes (KP) with step change of gear ratios, containing gears, shafts, bearings, gear shifting devices used on domestic and foreign cars. (Design of automobile transmissions: Handbook / Under the general editorship of A.I. Grishkevich. - M: Mechanical Engineering, 1984. - 272 p.).

These units are structurally complex and metal-intensive.

Closest to the proposed device is the Zahnradfabrik “AK-5” vehicle gearbox (p. 165, Fig. 7.3, b).

The gearbox contains an aggregate housing, in the supports of which the input and output shafts are coaxially arranged, an intermediate shaft is located parallel to them, five pairs of external gears and a number of reverse gears are installed on the shafts, with an additional reverse gear located on a separate axis, on the input shaft one gear is fixed, in the end of this shaft there is a support of the output shaft, on which five gears and three three-position gearshift clutches are freely mounted, on the intermediate gear shaft captives are tough.

The described gearbox limits the operational and layout characteristics of the vehicle due to the insufficient gearbox range (the ratio of gear ratios of lower and higher gears), which is reduced due to the increased diameter of the input shaft gear, since the output shaft support is located at its tip, the unit has increased dimensions and weight , since 13 gears are needed for five forward gears and one reverse gear, the gearbox is not autonomous, since an external support for the input shaft is required, which, as right silt, located at the end of the engine crankshaft.

The problem to which the invention is directed, is to expand the operational and layout capabilities of the vehicle by increasing the range of the gearbox, reducing the dimensions and weight of the unit, increasing the durability of the gearbox by reducing the length of the shafts, ensuring the autonomy of the gearbox.

The problem is solved by achieving a technical result, which is ensured by the autonomy and increase the range of the gearbox when moving the support from the tip of the input shaft to the tip of the output shaft, reducing the size and weight of one pair of gears by introducing a divider, increasing the durability of the gearbox by increasing stiffness shafts while decreasing their length.

The essence of the proposed device lies in the fact that the five-speed gearbox containing the body of the unit with an inner wall, in the supports of which the input and output shafts are located coaxially, an intermediate shaft is located parallel to them, on which four pairs of external gears and a number of reverse gears are installed, additional the reverse gear is mounted on an axis located between the intermediate and output shafts, three gears are fixed on the intermediate shaft, a three-position output shaft coupling lies between two gears freely mounted on this shaft, while in contrast to the prototype, a tubular tip is fixed on the output shaft with a support in the inner wall of the gearbox housing, in this tip there is an input shaft support on which two gears are fixed, the tip is freely mounted the gear engaged with the gear of the intermediate shaft, the three-position coupling of the tubular tip is located next to the gear fixed to the input shaft, the three-position coupling of the intermediate shaft is located wife between the gears freely mounted to the shaft and engaged with the gear fixed to the input shaft.

The proposed solution provides the expansion of the operational and layout characteristics of the vehicle while reducing the size and weight of one pair of gears due to the introduction of a divider, which allows to increase the number of reverse gears to two. Moving the output shaft support in the input shaft tip to the input shaft support in the tubular output shaft tip provides autonomy, allows to increase the gearbox range by reducing the diameter of the input shaft gear and increasing the gear ratio in the pair of gears from the input shaft to the intermediate shaft, which also optimizes the distribution range for pairs of gears. The inner wall of the gearbox housing increases the rigidity of the unit and the durability of the gearbox by increasing the rigidity of the shafts while decreasing their length.

Figure 1 shows the kinematic diagram of a 5-speed three-shaft coaxial gearbox 5R2 - (5 forward gears and 2 reverse gears, two pairs of forward gears at the input of the intermediate shaft and two pairs of gears at the output), containing 8 gears for forward gears and 3 gears for reverse gears, three gearshift clutches. The lower part shows the numbers of pairs of forward gears (1p-4p) and the designation of a number of reverse gears - R.

Figure 2 shows the beam diagram of this gearbox with tables of positions of the clutch on different gears forward (top) and reverse (bottom). In the upper part of the tables the pairs of gears (1p-4p) included in the work or a series of reverse gears (R) are indicated. On horizontal scales, the gear ratios of gear pairs and gears are shown in a logarithmic form. The extreme horizontals correspond to the output shaft, and the middle corresponds to the intermediate shaft. The greater the tilt of the beam to the right, the greater the gear ratio. The left tilt of the beam indicates the accelerating mode of the pair of gears. The tilt of the beam of each pair of gears is constant on any part of the radiation diagram.

In the supports of the crankcase 5-speed gearbox 1 with an inner wall (see figure 1) are located input 2, output 3 and intermediate 4 shafts. Input 2 and output 3 shafts are coaxial, and the intermediate shaft 4 is installed parallel to the coaxial shafts. The crankcase 1 in the inner wall has a support 5 in which a tubular tip 6 of the output shaft 3 is installed. In the tip 6 there is a support of the input shaft 2. On the input shaft 2 are fixed gears 7 and 8, the gear 9 is freely mounted on the tubular tip 6 of the output shaft 3. The gears 10 and 11 are freely mounted on the output shaft 3. The driven reverse gear 10 through the additional reverse gear 12 mounted on a separate axis 13 is engaged with the reverse gear 14 mounted on the intermediate exact shaft 4. On this shaft gears 15 and 16 are also fixed and gears 17 and 18 are freely mounted. Gear 15 is engaged with gear 11 of output shaft 3, and gears 16-18 are engaged with gears 9-7 of input shaft 2, respectively. Three-position clutch 19 (A) the intermediate shaft 4 is installed between the gears 17 and 18, the three-position coupling 20 (B) of the tubular tip 6 is installed between the gears 8 and 9, the three-position coupling 21 (C) of the output shaft 3 is located between the gears 10 and 11.

The work of the CP is as follows (see figures 1 and 2):

First gear

The coupling A in the left position (L), the coupling B in the neutral (H), and the coupling C in the right (P) (see figure 2, table. Right above t. 1).

The work includes the 1st and 4th pairs of gears.

The torque (see Fig. 1) from the input shaft 2 is transmitted by a pair of gears 7-18, a coupling 19 (A) to the intermediate shaft 4, then a pair of gears 15-11 and a coupling 21 (C) to the output shaft 3.

In the beam diagram (see FIG. 2), this transmission is represented by two beams: beam 1p emerges from t.5 on the left on the upper horizontal and is directed downward to the middle horizontal, then beam 4p to t.1 on the right on the upper horizontal.

Second gear

We switch the clutch A to the right position (P) - turn off the first pair of gears 7-18 from work and turn on the second pair of gears 8-17.

The torque from the input shaft 2 through a pair of gears 8-17 is transmitted by the coupling 19 (A) to the intermediate shaft 4 and further, as in first gear.

On the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by two rays: 2p and 4p from t.5 to t.2.

Third gear

Move clutch A to the left position, switch clutch B from neutral to right, and clutch C to neutral.

Turn off the work of the 2nd pair of gears 8-17 and turn on the 1st pair of gears 7-18 and the 3rd pair of gears 16-9.

The torque from the input shaft 2 through a pair of gears 7-18 is transmitted by the coupling 19 (A) to the intermediate shaft 4, then by a pair of gears 16-9 and through the coupling B to the tubular tip 6 and the output shaft 3.

On the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by two rays: 1p and 3zp from t.5 to t.3.

Fourth gear

We move clutch A from the left to the right position - turn off the first pair of gears 7-18 from work and turn on the second pair of gears 8-17.

The torque from the input shaft 2 through a pair of gears 8-17 is transmitted by the coupling 19 (A) to the intermediate shaft 4 and further, as in third gear.

On the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by beams 2p and 3 from t.5 to t.4.

Fifth gear - direct

Switch clutch A to neutral position and clutch B to left position.

Torque is transmitted from the input shaft 2 through the gear ring of the gear 8 and the coupling B to the tubular tip 6 and the output shaft 3 with high efficiency without torque transformation by the pairs of gears.

In the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by point 5.

First reverse - 1R

The couplings A and C are in the left position, the clutch B is in the neutral position (see Fig. 2, the table on the right under t. 1R).

Torque from the input shaft 2 is transmitted via gears 7-18, clutch A to the intermediate shaft 4, a number of reverse gears 14-12-10 and through clutch C to the output shaft 3, which rotates in the opposite direction to the rotation of the input shaft 2.

On the ray diagram, this transmission is represented by two beams: beam 1p from point 5 on the left on the upper horizontal, right down to the middle horizontal, then a gentle ray R also right down to point 1R on the lower horizontal.

Second Reverse - 2R

Switch clutch A to the right position.

The torque from the input shaft 2 is transmitted via gears 8-17, then, as in the previous gear.

On the ray diagram this corresponds to rays 2n and R.

Designations:

1 - gearbox housing with inner wall;

2 - input shaft;

3 - output shaft;

4 - an intermediate shaft;

5 - support of the inner wall of the crankcase 1;

6 - tubular tip of the output shaft 3;

7-8 - drive gears mounted on the input shaft 2; 9 - gear, freely mounted on the tubular tip 6 of the output shaft 3;

10, 11 - gears freely mounted on the output shaft 3;

12 - additional reverse gear;

13 - a separate axis of the additional gear reverse gear 12;

14 - a reverse gear pin mounted on an intermediate shaft 4;

15, 16 - gears mounted on the intermediate shaft 4;

17, 18 - gears freely mounted on the countershaft 4;

19 (A) - three-position coupling of the intermediate shaft 4;

20 (B) - three-position coupling of the tubular tip 6;

21 (C) - three-position coupling of the output shaft 3.

Claims (1)

A five-speed gearbox, containing the unit body with an inner wall, in the supports of which the input and output shafts are located coaxially, an intermediate shaft is located parallel to them, on which four pairs of external gears and a number of reverse gears are installed, an additional reverse gear is mounted on an axis located between the intermediate and output shafts, three gears are fixed on the intermediate shaft, the three-position output shaft coupling is located between two gears freely mounted on and on this shaft, characterized in that a tubular tip is fixed to the output shaft with a support in the inner wall of the gearbox housing, in this tip is a support of the input shaft, on which two gears are fixed, on the tip is a gear engaged with the gear of the intermediate shaft, three-position the coupling of the tubular tip is located next to the gear fixed to the input shaft, the three-position coupling of the intermediate shaft is located between the gears freely mounted on this shaft and the pin lennymi with gears fixed on the input shaft.

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