RU2495298C2 - Eight-speed gearbox - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: eight-speed gearbox includes coaxial inlet and outlet shafts, and an intermediate shaft installed parallel to them. Five pairs of gears of forward motion and a row of gears of backward motion is located on shafts. Drive gear of backward motion is engaged with a driven one through an additional gear installed on a separate axis. Two gears are installed freely on inlet, outlet and intermediate shafts. Three-position strike clutches are located between those gears. Two drive gears of forward gears of inlet shaft and three gears of intermediate shaft are fixed on shafts. Inner end of the inlet shaft is located in the tip of the outlet shaft with a two-position strike clutch, which is installed in a support of the intermediate wall. The row of backward gears can be installed at the gearbox inlet.

EFFECT: enlarging operating and layout characteristics of a transport vehicle.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to transport engineering, transmission of transport vehicles.

Transmission aggregates are known - gearboxes (KP) with step change of gear ratios, containing gears, shafts, bearings, gear shifting devices used on domestic and foreign cars. (1. Osepchugov V.V., Frumkin A.K. Automobile: Structural analysis, calculation elements. - M .: Mechanical Engineering, 1989. - 304 s; 2. Automobile: Design Basics / Vishnyakov N.N. et al. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1986.- 304 s).

These units are structurally complex and metal-intensive.

Closest to the proposed eight-speed gearbox is the gearbox of the KA3-4540.

The eight-speed gearbox of the KA3-4540 car (1. p. 68, fig. 40; 2. p. 139, fig. 106.6) consists of a main four-speed gearbox and a two-stage integrated divider that provide 8 forward gears and two reverse gears move.

The disadvantages of the described transmission unit are the insufficient gearbox range (ratio of gear ratios of lower and higher gears), which is limited due to the increased gear diameter of the input shaft, since the output shaft support is located at the end, the length of the gearbox is increased due to the extension for the external input support shaft.

The objectives of the invention are: expanding the operational and layout characteristics of the vehicle while increasing the range of the gearbox, reducing the length of the gearbox, increasing durability.

The achievement of the technical result is ensured by the fact that:

The eight-speed gearbox contains a crankcase with input, output and intermediate shafts located in it, the input and output shafts are installed coaxially, and the intermediate shaft is parallel to these shafts, pairs of forward gears are located on the shafts and a number of reverse gears are located at the output of the gearbox, with the leading the reverse gear is engaged with the driven through an additional gear mounted on a separate axis, a three-position output shaft coupling is located between the gears that are freely mounted on the shaft y, the input gear drive shaft and three countershaft gears are fixed to the shafts, while the output shaft tip with a two-position switching clutch is installed in the intermediate wall support, the input shaft support is located in this tip, the three-position input shaft switching clutch is located between the gears that are freely installed on the shaft next to the support, the three-position clutch of the intermediate shaft is located between the gears freely mounted on the shaft and engaged with the drive gears, fixed ennymi on the input shaft.

It is assumed that a series of reverse gears is located at the input of the gearbox, a gear with a two-position switching clutch is freely mounted on the input shaft, a three-position switching clutch is installed on the gear rim of the output shaft tip.

Figure 1 shows the kinematic diagram of a three-shaft pine gearbox 8R4 (8 forward gears and 4 reverse gears), containing 10 gears for forward gears and 3 gears for reverse gears, 4 gearshift clutches, the numbers of gear pairs are shown in the lower part forward gear (1P-5P) and designation of a number of reverse gears -R.

Figure 2 shows the beam diagram of this gearbox with a table of positions of the clutch in different gears. The pairs of gears (1P-5P) or a number of reverse gears (R) included in the work are indicated in the upper part of the tables. On horizontal scales, the gear ratios of gear pairs and gears are shown in a logarithmic form. The extreme horizontals correspond to the input and output shafts, and the middle corresponds to the intermediate one. The input shaft corresponds to T8 on the upper horizontal to the left. The greater the tilt of the beam to the right, the greater the gear ratio. The left tilt of the beam (L) indicates the accelerating mode of the pair of gears. The tilt of the beam of each pair of gears is constant on any part of the radiation diagram.

Figure 3 on the input shaft 2 is fixed to the leading gear of the reverse gear 7, engaged with the driven gear of the reverse gear 18 through an additional gear 19 mounted on a separate axis 20, the driven gear of the forward gear 12 is freely mounted on the output shaft 3 and engaged with the driving gear 13 mounted on the intermediate shaft 4.

Figure 4 shows the radiation diagram of the gearbox with a table of positions of the clutch in different gears.

In the supports of the crankcase KP 1 are input 2, output 3 and intermediate 4 shafts. Input 2 and output 3 shafts are aligned, and the intermediate shaft 4 is installed parallel to them. In the support of the intermediate wall 5 of the gearbox crankcase 1, the tip 6 of the output shaft 3 is installed. The inner end of the input shaft 2 is located in the tip 6. On the input shaft 2 are fixed forward gears 7, 8 and gears 9, 10 are freely mounted. Driven gears 11 and 12 are freely mounted on the output shaft 3. On the intermediate shaft 4 are fixed the leading gear of the reverse gear 13 and three gears of the forward gear 14, 15, 16, the driven gears of the forward gear 17 and 18 are freely mounted, engaged with the gears, respectively 8, 7 of the input shaft 2. The driven reverse gear 12 is freely mounted on the output shaft 3, engaged with an additional reverse gear 19, mounted on a separate axis 20. The three-position clutch 21 (A) of the intermediate shaft 4 is located between the gears 17 and 18, which freely mounted on the shaft 4. The three-position clutch 22 (B) of the input shaft 2 is located between the gears 9 and 10, which are freely mounted on the shaft 2, the two-position clutch 23 (C) is installed on the tip 6 of the output shaft 3, the three-position clutch 24 (D) of the output shaft 3 is located on between the gears 11 and 12, which are freely mounted on the shaft 3.

The eight-speed gearbox is as follows (see figure 1-4):

First gear

Clutches A and D are in the left position (L), clutch B is in the neutral position, and clutch C is in the right position (see Fig. 2, table, right above t. 1). The work includes the 1st and 5th pairs of gears.

The torque (see Fig. 1) from the input shaft 2 is transmitted by a pair of gears 7-18, a clutch 21 (A) to the intermediate shaft 4, then a pair of gears 14-11 and a clutch 24 (D) to the output shaft 3.

In the beam diagram (see figure 2) this transmission is represented by two beams: beam 1L leaves T8 on the left on the upper horizontal and is directed downward to the middle horizontal, then beam 5L to T1 on the right on the upper horizontal.

Second gear

We switch clutch A to the right position - turn off the first pair of gears 7-18 from work, turn on the second pair of gears 8-17.

The torque from the input shaft 2 through a pair of gears 8-17 by the coupling A is transmitted to the intermediate shaft 4 and then as in first gear.

In the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by two rays:

2L and 5L from T8 to T2.

Third gear

We move the clutch B to the left position, turn on the pair of gears 9-16, the clutch A to the neutral position.

Torque is transmitted from the input shaft 2 by clutch B, a pair of gears 9-16 to the intermediate shaft 4, then as in previous gears.

In the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by two beams: ZL and 5L from T8 to T3.

Fourth gear

We move the clutch B to the right position - turn on the pair of gears 10-15.

The torque from the input shaft 2 through a pair of gears 10-15 is transmitted by the coupling 22 (B) to the intermediate shaft 4, then as in previous gears.

In the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by 4L and 5L beams from T8 to T4.

Fifth gear

We move the couplings A and C to the left position, turn on the pair of gears 8-17, we move the couplings B and D to the neutral position.

The torque is transmitted from the input shaft 2 by a pair of gears 8-17, a coupling 21 (A) to the intermediate shaft 4, then a pair of gears 15-10, a coupling 23 (C) to the output shaft 3.

On the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by two beams: 1L and 4L from T8 to T5.

Sixth gear

We move clutch A to the right position, turn on a pair of gears 8-17.

The torque is transmitted from the input shaft 2 by a pair of gears 8-17 through the coupling 21 (A), to the intermediate shaft 4, then as in the previous gear.

In the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by two beams: 2L and 4L from T8 to T6.

Seventh gear

We move the clutch B to the left position, turn on the pair of gears 9-16, the clutch A to the neutral position.

Torque is transmitted from the input shaft 2 by clutch B, a pair of gears 9-16 to the intermediate shaft 4, then as in the previous two gears.

In the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by two beams: 3L and 4L from T8 to T7.

Eighth gear - direct

Move clutch B to the right position.

Torque is transmitted from the input shaft 2 by the clutch B, the gear housing 10, the clutch C to the tip 6 and the output shaft 3. On the beam diagram, this transmission is presented in T8

First reverse - 1R

Clutch A is moved to the left position, couplings C and D are in the right position, clutch B is in the neutral position (see Fig. 2, table, right above 1R)

Torque from the input shaft 2 is transmitted via gears 7-18, clutch A to the intermediate shaft 4, a series of gears 13-19-12, clutch D to the output shaft 3, which rotates in the direction opposite to the rotation of the input shaft 2.

In the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by two beams: a 1L beam from T8 on the left on the upper horizontal to the right down to the middle horizontal, then the gentle R beam also to the right down to the 1R on the lower horizontal.

Second Reverse - 2R

Clutch A is moved to the right position, we turn on a pair of gears 8-17. Torque is transmitted from the input shaft 2 by a pair of gears 8-17, clutch A to the intermediate shaft 4, then as in the previous gear. On the radiation diagram of this transfer correspond to rays 2L and R.

Third Reverse - 3R

Clutch B is moved to the left position, we turn on a pair of gears 9-16, clutch A is in the neutral position.

Torque is transmitted from the input shaft 2 by clutch B, a pair of gears 9-16 to the intermediate shaft 4, then as in previous gears. On the radiation diagram of this transfer correspond to rays 3L and R.

Fourth Reverse - 4R

Clutch B is moved to the right position, turn on a pair of gears 10-15.

Torque is transmitted from the input shaft 2 by clutch B, a pair of gears 10-15 to the intermediate shaft 4, then as in previous gears. On the radiation diagram of this transfer correspond to rays 4L and R.

First gear (see figures 3 and 4)

Clutches A, B and D are in the right position (P), and clutch C is in the neutral position (see Fig. 4, table above t. 1). The work includes the 1st and 5th pairs of gears.

The torque (see figure 3) from the input shaft 2 is transmitted by a pair of gears 8-17, a clutch 21 (A) to the intermediate shaft 4, then a pair of gears 13-12 and a clutch 24 (D) to the output shaft 3.

In the beam diagram (see FIG. 4), this transmission is represented by two beams: the 1L beam leaves T8 on the left on the upper horizontal and is directed downward to the middle horizontal, then the 8L beam on T1 is on the right on the upper horizontal.

Second gear

Clutch B is moved to the left position - we turn on a pair of gears 9-16, clutch A is in the neutral position.

The torque from the input shaft 2 through a pair of gears 9-16 by the coupling B is transmitted to the intermediate shaft 4 and then as in first gear.

On the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by two rays: 2L and 5L from T8 to T2.

Third gear

We return couplings A and B to the right position, turn on the pair of gears 8-17, and move the coupling (D) to the left position.

Torque is transmitted from the input shaft 2 by a pair of gears 8-17, clutch A to the intermediate shaft 4, then a pair of gears 14-11, clutch D to the output shaft 3.

On the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by two beams: 1L and 4L from T8 to T3.

Fourth gear

We move clutch B to the left position - turn on a pair of gears 9-16, clutch A - to the neutral position.

The torque from the input shaft 2 by the clutch In a pair of gears 9-16 is transmitted to the intermediate shaft 4, then as in the previous gear.

In the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by 2L and 4L rays from T8 to T4.

Fifth gear

We move the couplings A, B and C to the right position, turn on the pair of gears 8-17, the clutch D is moved to the neutral position.

The torque is transmitted from the input shaft 2 by a pair of gears 8-17, a coupling 21 (A) to the intermediate shaft 4, then a pair of gears 15-10, a coupling 23 (C) to the output shaft 3.

In the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by two beams: 1L and 3L from T8 to T5.

Sixth gear

We move the clutch B to the left position, turn on the pair of gears 9-16, and the clutch A to the neutral position.

The torque is transmitted from the input shaft 2 by the clutch B, a pair of gears 9-16, to the intermediate shaft 4, then as in the previous gear.

On the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by two beams: 2L and 3L from T8 to T6.

Seventh gear

We move the couplings A and B to the right position, turn on the pair of gears 8-17, the coupling C we move to the left position.

Torque is transmitted from the input shaft 2 by clutch A, a pair of gears 8-17 to the intermediate shaft 4, then a pair of gears 16-9, clutch C to the output shaft 3.

On the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by two beams: 1L and 2L from T8 to T7.

Eighth gear - direct

Clutch B is moved to the left position.

Torque is transmitted from the input shaft 2 through gear 8 by clutch B to gear 9, clutch C to output shaft 3. On the beam diagram, this transmission is shown in T8

First reverse - 1R

Clutch A is moved to the left position, couplings B and D are in the right position, clutch C is in the neutral position (see Fig. 4, table above t. 1R).

The torque from the input shaft 2 is transmitted via gears 7-19-18, by the coupling A to the intermediate shaft 4, by a pair of gears 13-12, by the coupling D to the output shaft 3, which rotates in the opposite direction to the rotation of the input shaft 2.

In the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by two beams: a 1L beam from T8 on the left on the upper horizontal to the right down to the middle horizontal, then the gentle R beam also to the right down to T.1R on the lower horizontal.

Second Reverse - 2R

Clutch D is moved to the left position.

The torque is transmitted from the input shaft 2 by a series of gears 7-19-18, a clutch A to the intermediate shaft 4, then a pair of gears 14-11, a clutch D to the output shaft 3. On the beam diagram, this transmission corresponds to rays R and 2L.

Third Reverse - 3R

We move the clutch C to the right position, turn on the pair of gears 15-10, the clutch D to the neutral position.

The torque is transmitted from the input shaft 2 by a series of gears 7-19-18, a clutch A to the intermediate shaft 4, then a pair of gears 15-10, a clutch C to the output shaft 3. On the beam diagram this corresponds to rays R and 3L.

Fourth Reverse - 4R

Clutch C is moved to the left position, we turn on a pair of gears 16-9.

The torque is transmitted from the input shaft 2 by a series of gears 7-19-18, a clutch A to the intermediate shaft 4, then a pair of gears 16-9, a clutch C to the output shaft 3. On the beam diagram, rays R and 4L correspond to this transmission.

Technical and economic efficiency is as follows:

1. Eliminating the support of the output shaft from the end of the input shaft allows you to increase the gear ratio of a pair of gears of the drive of the intermediate shaft without increasing the center distance, dimensions and mass of the gearbox, which extends the range of the gearbox and the operational capabilities of the vehicle. KP KAZ 4500 has a range of 9.42 with an average interval of 1.378. Figure 2 and 4 shows the data for range 12 with an average interval between gears of 1,426. In this case, in FIGS. 1 and 2, the gear ratios of the pairs of gears will be: U ₁ = 1.378 ³ = 2.901; U ₅ = 1.378 ⁴ = 4.137; range - D = U ₁ × U ₅ = 2.901 × 4.137 = 12. If you equalize the gear ratios of the extreme pairs of gears, then for the same range of 12 we get U ₁ = U ₅ = 1,426 ^3,5 = 3,464.

2. Placing both supports of the input shaft inside the gearbox housing reduces the length of the unit by eliminating the extension for the external support of the input shaft.

3. Installing an additional support for the output and input shafts in the middle part of the gearbox increases the durability of the gearbox by improving the working conditions of the gears while reducing the bending deformation of the shafts while reducing their length.

Claims (2)

1. An eight-speed gearbox containing a crankcase with input, output and intermediate shafts located therein, input and output shafts are installed coaxially, and the intermediate shaft is parallel to these shafts, pairs of forward gears are located on the shafts and a number of reverse gears are located at the output of the gearbox wherein the reverse gear is engaged with the driven gear via an additional gear mounted on a separate axis, a three-position output shaft clutch is located between the gears that are freely mounted on and the shaft, the input gear of the input shaft and three gears of the intermediate shaft are fixed on the shafts, characterized in that the tip of the output shaft with a two-position switching clutch is mounted in the support of the intermediate wall, the input shaft support is located in this tip, the three-position input shaft switching clutch is located between the gears, which are freely mounted on the shaft next to the support, the three-position coupling of the intermediate shaft is located between the gears freely mounted on the shaft and engaged with the drive shafts Stern, fixed on the input shaft. 2. The eight-speed gearbox according to claim 1, characterized in that a series of reverse gears is located at the input of the gearbox, a gear with a two-position switching clutch is freely mounted on the input shaft, a three-position switching clutch is installed on the gear ring of the output shaft tip.

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