RU2349816C1 - Sixteen-stage gearbox - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: proposed gearbox incorporates an input and output shafts running in bearings and a lay shaft arranged parallel to the said input and output shafts. The output and lay shafts are furnished with the supports in the gearbox housing intermediate wall. The input shaft rear end is fitted in the output shaft end. The input shaft comprises a reverse drive gear and three forward running gears made integral with the aforesaid shaft. The input shaft supports also dual-direction gear free running thereon and accommodating a two-position coupling. One driven gear runs free on the output shaft end, while two other driven gears are fitted on the output shaft unfixed with a three-position coupling arranged there between. Three drive gears, dual-direction gear and three forward running driven gears in mesh with the input and output shaft gears run on the lay shaft. The reverse gear is fitted unfixed on the lay shaft to engage with the additional reverse gear. The said lay shaft supports two unfixed three-position coupling seating between the lay shaft gears. Similar coupling is fitted on the output shaft end.

EFFECT: reduced metal input, higher efficiency.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to transport engineering, to the transmission of transport vehicles.

Known transmission units with a step change in gear ratios, containing gears, shafts, bearings, gear shifting devices used in domestic and foreign cars. (Osepchugov V.V., Frumkin A.K. Automobile: Structural Analysis, Elements of Calculation. - M .: Mechanical Engineering, 1989. - 304 p.).

These units are structurally complex and metal-intensive.

Closest to the proposed sixteen-speed KM is the transmission unit of the K-700/701 tractor.

An eight-speed three-shaft non-axial base gearbox, supplemented by a two-stage gearbox, provides sixteen forward gears and eight reverse gears. The unit has input, two intermediate and output shafts parallel to each other. A pump drive gear is fixed on the input shaft, four drive gears are installed, which are attached to the driven drums of the friction clutches, and are constantly engaged with the corresponding gears of the first intermediate shaft, on which two gears are fixed, engaged with gears freely mounted on the second intermediate shaft, between them is a three-position clutch. Two gears are also fixed on the second intermediate shaft, meshed with the gears of the output shaft, a three-position clutch is located between them. The reverse gear is mounted on the first intermediate shaft, and the driven one is freely mounted on the second intermediate shaft next to the on-off clutch. The reverse gear is located on a separate axis.

The disadvantages of the described transmission unit are low efficiency and high metal consumption, which is caused by the use of friction clutches with the free installation of driving gears on the input shaft, increasing their diameter and center distance, misaligned shaft arrangement, which excludes direct transmission with high efficiency, and three-pair gears that reduce efficiency in all gears.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency and decrease the metal consumption of the transmission unit.

The technical result is achieved by the presence of a direct gear with coaxial placement of the input and output shafts, two-pair gearing in other gears, and a decrease in the center distance between the coaxial and intermediate shafts.

The achievement of the technical result is ensured by the fact that a sixteen-speed gearbox comprising an assembly casing with input, output and intermediate shafts located therein, a pair of forward gears and a series of reverse gears, a reverse gear is engaged with a driven gear through an additional gear mounted on a separate gear axis, on the output shaft two gears are installed freely, a three-position clutch is located between these gears, while the unit body has an intermediate wall, rear the end of the input shaft is installed in the tip of the output shaft, on which the three-position clutch is located, the leading reverse gear and three leading gears of the forward gear are fixed on the input shaft, the double-direction gear with the two-position clutch located on it is mounted freely, three driving gears are fixed on the intermediate shaft and a dual-direction gear, three driven forward gears and a driven reverse gear are freely installed, between two freely installed gears three position couplings.

Figure 1 shows the kinematic diagram of a three-shaft coaxial gearbox 16R4 (16 forward gears and 4 reverse gears), containing 14 gears for forward gears and 3 gears for reverse gears, 5 gearshift clutches. The lower part shows the numbers of pairs of forward gears (1-7) and the designation of a number of reverse gears - R.

Figure 2 shows the beam diagram of this gearbox with tables of positions of the clutch on different gears forward (top) and reverse (bottom). In the upper part of the tables the pairs of gears (1-7) or a series of reverse gears (R) included in the work are indicated. On horizontal scales, the gear ratios of gear pairs and gears are shown in a logarithmic form. The extreme horizontals correspond to the output shaft, and the middle corresponds to the intermediate shaft. The input shaft corresponds to t.15 on the upper horizontal to the left. The greater the tilt of the beam to the right, the greater the gear ratio. The left tilt of the beam indicates the accelerating mode of the pair of gears. The tilt of the beam of each pair of gears is constant on any part of the radiation diagram.

In the supports of the housing unit 1 are located input 2, output 3 and intermediate 4 shafts. The input 2 and output 3 shafts are aligned, and the intermediate shaft 4 is installed parallel to the coaxial shafts, and the output shaft 3 and the intermediate shaft 4 also have supports in the intermediate wall 5 of the unit body 1.

The rear end of the input shaft 2 is installed in the tip 6 of the output shaft 3. On the input shaft 2 are fixed or manufactured together with the shaft, the reverse gear 7 and the forward gears 8, 9 and 10, and the double gear 11 is freely mounted on this shaft. The driven gear 12 is freely mounted on the tip 6 of the output shaft 3. The driven gears 13 and 14 are freely mounted on the output shaft 3. On the intermediate shaft 4, the driving gears 15, 16, 17 are fixed, as well as the dual-direction gear 18 and the driven forward gears are freely installed 19, 20 and 21, respectively engaged with gears 14 and 13 of the output shaft, gear 12 of the tip 6 of the output shaft 3, as well as gears 11, 10, 9 and 8 of the input shaft 2. The driven reverse gear 22 is freely mounted on the intermediate shaft 4 hooked with extra a reverse gear 23 mounted on a separate axis 24 and through it with a reverse gear 7. A three-position clutch 25 (A) is installed on the intermediate shaft 4 between gears 21 and 22, a similar clutch 26 (B) is installed between gears 19 and 20 , the on-off clutch 27 (C) is mounted on the ring gear 11. The on-off clutch 28 (D) is located on the tip 6 of the output shaft 3, the on-off clutch 29 (E) is located on the output shaft 3 between the gears 13 and 14.

The sixteen-speed gearbox is as follows.

First gear

The couplings A and E are in the right position (P), and the couplings B, C, D are in the neutral position (see Fig. 2, table, right above t. 1). The torque (see Fig. 1) from the input shaft 2 is transmitted by a pair of gears 8-21, a clutch 25 (A) to the intermediate shaft 4, then a pair of gears 15-14 and a clutch 29 (E) to the output shaft 3. In the beam diagram (see figure 2) this transmission is represented by two beams: beam 1 leaves t.15 on the left on the upper horizontal and is directed downward to the middle horizontal, then beam 7 to t.1 on the right on the upper horizontal.

Second gear

We switch the clutch A to the neutral position - turn off the pair of gears 8-21 from work, and the clutch B to the left position - turn on the pair of gears 9-20. The torque from the input shaft 2 through a pair of gears 9-20 is transmitted by the coupling 26 (B) to the intermediate shaft 4 and further, as in first gear. On the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by two rays: 2 and 7 from t.15 to t.2.

Third gear

We return the clutch B to the neutral position - turn off the pair of gears 9-20 from work, move the clutch C to the left position (L) - turn on the pair of gears 11-18. Torque is transmitted from the input shaft 2 through a pair of gears 11-18, the shift clutch 27 (C) to the intermediate shaft 4, then, as in previous gears. On the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by beams 4 and 7, directed to t.3.

Fourth gear

We return the clutch C to the neutral position - turn off the pair of gears 11-18 from work, move the clutch B to the right position (P) - turn on the pair of gears 10-19. Torque is transmitted from the input shaft 2 through a pair of gears 10-19, the shift clutch 26 (B) to the intermediate shaft 4, then, as in previous gears. On the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by beams 3 and 7, directed to t.4.

Fifth gear

We return the clutch B to the neutral position - turn off the pair of gears 11-18 from work, move the clutch A to the right position (P) - turn on the pair of gears 8-21, and the clutch E to the left position (L), instead of the pair of gears 15- 14 include a pair of gears 16-13. The torque is transmitted from the input shaft 2 to the intermediate shaft 4, as in first gear, then through a pair of gears 16-13 and a clutch 29 (E) to the output shaft 3. On the radiation diagram, this transmission is represented by beams 1 and 6, directed to t. 5.

Sixth gear

Return clutch A to the neutral position - turn off the pair of gears 8-21 from work, move the clutch B to the left position (L) - turn on the pair of gears 9-20. Torque is transmitted to the intermediate shaft 4, as in second gear, then, as in the previous gear. On the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by beams 2 and 6, directed to t.6.

Seventh gear

We return the clutch B to the neutral position - turn off the pair of gears 9-20 from work, move the clutch C to the left position (L) - turn on the pair of gears 11-18. Torque is transmitted to the intermediate shaft 4 as in third gear, then as in the previous two gears. On the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by beams 4 and 6, directed to t.7.

Eighth gear

We return the clutch C to the neutral position - turn off the pair of gears 11-18 from work, move the clutch B to the right position (P) - turn on the pair of gears 10-19. Torque is transmitted to the intermediate shaft 4, as in fourth gear, then, as in the previous three gears. In the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by beams 3 and 6, directed to t. 8.

Ninth gear

We return the clutch B to the neutral position - turn off the pair of gears 10-19 from work, move the clutch A to the right position (P) - turn on the gears 8-21, the clutch E to the neutral position - turn off the pair of gears 16-13, and clutch D to the right position (P) - turn on the pair of gears 17-12. The torque is transmitted to the intermediate shaft 4, as in the first and fifth gears, then through a pair of gears 17-12 and through the clutch 28 (D) to the output shaft 3. On the radiation diagram, this transmission is represented by beams 1 and 5, directed to point 9 .

Tenth gear

We return the clutch A to the neutral position - turn off the pair of gears 8-21 from work, move the clutch B to the left position (L) - turn on the gears 9-20. Torque is transmitted to the intermediate shaft 4, as in the second and sixth gears, then, as in the previous gear. On the radiation diagram, this transmission is represented by rays 2 and 5, directed to t.10.

Eleventh gear

We return the clutch B to the neutral position - turn off the pair of gears 9-20 from work, move the clutch C to the left position (L) - turn on the pair of gears 11-18. Torque is transmitted to the intermediate shaft 4, as in the third and seventh gears, then, as in the two previous gears. On the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by beams 4 and 5, directed to t.11.

Twelfth gear

We return the clutch C to the neutral position - turn off the pair of gears 11-18 from work, move the clutch B to the right position (P) - turn on the gears 10-19. Torque is transmitted to the intermediate shaft 4, as in the fourth and eighth gears, then, as in the previous three gears. On the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by rays 3 and 5, directed to t.12.

Thirteenth gear

We return the clutch B to the neutral position - turn off the pair of gears 10-19 from work, move the clutch A to the right position (P) - turn on the gears 8-21, the clutch D to the left position (L) - turn on the pair of gears 17-12 a pair of gears 18-11. A pair of gears 11-18 double direction; in the third, seventh and eleventh gears, this pair worked from the input shaft 2 to the intermediate shaft 4, in the 13th gear and then this pair works in the other direction - from the intermediate shaft 4 along a pair of gears, then through the coupling D to the tip 6 of the output shaft 3.

Torque is transmitted from the input shaft 2 through a pair of gears 8-21, a shift clutch 25 (A) to the intermediate shaft 4, then through a pair of gears 18-11 and a clutch 28 (D) to the output shaft. On the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by beams 1 and 4, directed to t.13.

Fourteenth gear

We return the clutch A to the neutral position - turn off the pair of gears 8-21 from work, move the clutch B to the left position (L) - turn on the gears 9-20. Torque is transmitted to the intermediate shaft 4, as in the second, sixth and tenth gears, then, as in the previous gear. On the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by beams 2 and 4, directed to t.14.

Fifteenth gear - direct

We return the clutch B to the neutral position - turn off the pair of gears 9-20 from work, move the clutch C to the left position (L). Torque is transmitted from the input shaft 2 by the gear 10, the switching clutch 27 by the gear 11, then by the clutch 28 to the output shaft 3. This transmission is shown in Fig. 15 in the beam diagram.

Sixteenth gear - accelerating

Return the clutch C to the neutral position, move the clutch B to the right position (P) - turn on the pair of gears 10-19 and 18-11. Torque is transmitted from the input shaft 2 through a pair of gears 10-19, a shift clutch 26 (B) to the intermediate shaft 4, then through a pair of gears 18-11 and a clutch 28 (D) to the output shaft 3. In the radiation diagram, this transmission is represented by rays 3 and 4, directed to t.16.

The reverse gears are engaged when the clutch A is moved to the left position, which connects the gear 22 with the intermediate shaft 4. The positions of the clutches D, E (see table below).

First reverse - 1R

Clutch A is in the left position, couplings B, C, and D are in the neutral position, and clutch E is in the right position (see Fig. 2, the table on the right under item 1R). The torque from the input shaft 2 is transmitted through gears 7-23-22 by the coupling A to the intermediate shaft 4 and the coupling E and a pair of gears 15-14 to the output shaft 3, which rotates in the opposite direction to the rotation of the input shaft 2.

On the ray diagram, this transmission is represented by two rays: the R ray from t.15 on the left on the upper horizontal to the right down to the middle horizontal, then the gentle beam 7 also to the right down to t.1R on the lower horizontal.

Second Reverse - 2R

Switch clutch E to the left position. Prior to the intermediate shaft 4, the torque is transmitted, as in the previous gear, then through a pair of gears 16-13 and the clutch 29 to the output shaft 3. On the beam diagram, rays R and 6 correspond to this transmission.

Third Reverse - 3R

Switch clutch E to the neutral position and clutch D to the right position. Prior to the intermediate shaft 4, the torque is transmitted, as in the previous transmission, then through a pair of gears 17-12 and the clutch 28 to the output shaft 3. On the beam diagram, rays R and 5 correspond to this transmission.

Fourth Reverse - 4R

Switch clutch D to the left position. Prior to the intermediate shaft 4, the torque is transmitted, as in the previous gear, then through gears 18-11 and the clutch 28 to the output shaft 3. On the beam diagram, rays R and 4 correspond to this transmission.

Claims (1)

A sixteen-speed gearbox comprising an assembly casing with input, output and intermediate shafts located therein, a pair of forward gears and a series of reverse gears, a reverse gear gear is engaged with a driven gear through an additional gear mounted on a separate axis, two gears on the output shaft mounted freely, between these gears there is a three-position clutch, characterized in that the unit body has an intermediate wall, the rear end of the input shaft is installed in the tip the output shaft, on which the three-position clutch is located, the input reverse gear and three forward gears are fixed on the input shaft, the double-direction gear with the dual-position clutch located on it is mounted on the intermediate shaft, three drive gears and the double-direction gear are fixed, freely installed three driven forward gears and driven reverse gear, between two freely mounted gears are two three-position clutches.

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