RU206345U1 - Extruder for the processing of dissimilar secondary polymer and building materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of processing materials by pressure and can be used in the processing of polymer and building materials to obtain high-quality products. Described is an extruder for processing dissimilar secondary polymer and building materials, including a housing consisting of a feed zone, a compression zone, a dosing zone, a gripper, a screw made of assembly, in the feed zone the screw is made in the form of a conical section, in the dosing zone the screw is made of two successively located conical section and cylindrical section, where the screw in the compression zone contains a mixing section with four blades having a horseshoe shape, located on the screw, rotated 90 ° relative to each other, the blades have a thickness equal to the thickness of the coil, four round rods are rigidly connected to blades on the end side of the horseshoe-shaped blades with a diameter equal to the thickness of the screw loop, the gap between the edges of the horseshoe of the blades is equal to 0.25 of the outer diameter of the screw and the gap between the blades and the housing. The technical result consists in obtaining new high-quality products by extrusion and coextrusion. 2 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of processing materials by pressure and can be used in the processing of polymer and building materials to obtain high-quality products.

Known extruder for processing thermoplastics (patent UA No. 5779, publ. 03/15/2005, bull. No. 3), selected as a prototype. The extruder contains a housing, a gripper, a screw, a feed zone, a compression zone, which consists of a barrier section and a decompression section, a dosing zone made of successive conical and cylindrical sections.

The disadvantage of the known design is that in the case of processing dissimilar secondary polymer and building materials, for example, based on multilayer household products consisting of secondary, primary raw materials, fillers, inert fibers, dyes and other components necessary for secondary polymer and building materials ( secondary polymer mixture) requires a set of expensive equipment for preliminary preparation of raw materials (mixers, presses, plasticizers, granulators). The use of directly unprepared preliminary raw materials for a known design does not provide a good quality of the resulting secondary products due to insufficient mixing capabilities of the design.

The task of the technical solution is to improve the extruder due to a new screw design in the compression zone.

The essence of the technical solution: an extruder for the processing of dissimilar secondary polymer and building materials, including a housing consisting of a feed zone, a compression zone, a dosing zone, a gripper, a screw made of assembly, in the feed zone the screw is made in the form of a conical section, in the dosing zone in in the form of successively located conical section and cylindrical section, and in the compression zone the screw is made in the form of successively located mixing section and decompression section. The mixing section consists of four horseshoe-shaped blades located on the screw, rotated 90 ° relative to each other, the blades have a thickness equal to the thickness of the coil, the blades are interconnected by four round rods on each end face of a horseshoe shape with a diameter equal to the thickness of the screw coil , the gap between the edges of the horseshoe-shaped blades is equal to 0.25 of the outer diameter of the screw, the gap between the blades and the housing is equal to the gap between the housing and the ridge of the coil. With less than four round rods on each end side of the horseshoe-shaped blades, uniform mixing of fine fractions of secondary materials of increased hardness is not ensured and excessive pressure is created in the feed zone, which prevents the mixture from moving, and with more than four round rods on each end side of the horseshoe-shaped blades, it is not ensured uniform mixing of coarse fractions and mixture filler. When the mixture passes from the mixing section 7 to the decompression section 8, a decrease in pressure occurs, which contributes to the effective removal of volatile compounds. The use of four U-shaped mixing blades with four round rods on each end face of the U-shaped blades ensures good mixing of the filler and recycled polymer and building materials by creating an additional pressure difference between the round rods of the blades and the body. With a smaller number of blades, uniform mixing of secondary materials and finely dispersed filler is not ensured, and with a larger number of blades on each side surface of the screw, it is possible to create stagnant zones of materials, which can lead to their destruction. The features common to the prototype are:

a body consisting of a feeding zone, a compression zone, a dosing zone,

gripper,

prefabricated auger,

in the feeding area, the auger is made in the form of a conical section,

in the dosing zone, the screw is made in the form of a conical section and a cylindrical section in series.

Distinctive features of the device are:

the screw in the compression zone is made in the form of a successive mixing section with four blades located on the screw, and a decompression section, the blades have a horseshoe shape,

the blades are located on the auger, rotated 90 ° relative to each other,

the blades have a thickness equal to the thickness of the coil,

the blades are interconnected by four round rods on each end side of a horseshoe-shaped shape with a diameter equal to the thickness of the auger turn,

the gap between the edges of the horseshoe-shaped blades is equal to 0.25 of the outer diameter of the screw,

the gap between the blades and the casing is equal to the gap between the casing and the ridge of the turn.

The use of the claimed extruder in the processing of dissimilar secondary polymer and building materials allows you to combine preparatory operations (filling, pressing, mixing, granulating) and the operation of obtaining new high-quality products by extrusion and coextrusion.

FIG. 1 shows a general view of the device.

FIG. 2 shows the mixing section.

The extruder for processing dissimilar secondary polymer and building materials (Fig. 1) contains a housing 1, a gripper 2, a screw 3, made in the form of a prefabricated structure. The body consists of a feed zone 4, a compression zone 5, a dosing zone 6. In the feed zone 4, the screw is made in the form of a conical section. In the compression zone 5, the auger 3 is made of two successive parts: from the mixing section 7 and the decompression section 8. In the dosing zone 6, the auger consists of a conical section 9 and a cylindrical section 10. (Fig. 2) shows a mixing section 7 containing blades 11, located on the screw 3, rotated 90 ° relative to each other, having a horseshoe shape with a gap 12 between the edges of the horseshoe, four round rods 13 rigidly connected, for example, by welding on each end side of the horseshoe-shaped blade 11, while the mixture passes from the region mixing 14, formed between the inner part of the screw loop 3 and the round rod 13, through the gap 15 between the blades 11 and the body 1 into the area of free movement of the mixture 16 formed between the inner part of the screw loop 3 and the body 1. Section 8 has a hole 17 for withdrawing highly volatile compounds contained in polymeric materials.

An extruder for processing dissimilar secondary polymer and building materials operates as follows (Fig. 1).

Various dissimilar secondary polymer and building materials (primary, secondary, dyes and other chemically active fillers) are fed by separate dispensers into the gripper 2, captured by the screw 3, which rotates in the housing 1, transported in solid form, and compacted in the feed zone 4, then in the compression zone 5 in the mixing section 7 with the help of four round rods 13 on each end side of the horseshoe-shaped blades 11 the mixture components are mixed, in the decompression section 8 volatile compounds contained in the polymeric materials are removed through the hole 17. The design of the conical section 9 of the zone dosing 6 determines the magnitude of the pressure and productivity that the extruder develops, the cylindrical section 10 of the dosing zone 6 provides pressure stabilization and determines the productivity of the extruder.

Example. With a screw diameter of 40 mm and a coil thickness of 4 mm, the blades have a thickness of 8 mm and four round rods on each end face of a horseshoe shape with a diameter of 4 mm, the blade gap between the edges of the horseshoe is 10 mm, the gap between the blades and the body is equal to the gap between the body and the ridge of the coil. The design dimensions of the auger will be measured with a digital caliper with a measurement accuracy of 0.01 mm.

In the process of processing waste of construction and polymer materials with the creation of new composite products, for example, based on multilayer household products using the method of coextrusion and extrusion extrusion in the mixing section 7 by using four blades 11, having a horseshoe shape, located on the screw, rotated by 90 ° relative to each other, having four round rods 13 on each end side of the horseshoe-shaped blade 11, 25% homogeneity of mixing of coarse fractions of multilayer secondary polymer and building materials of increased hardness is provided and 30% homogeneity of mixing of fine fractions of multilayer secondary polymer materials of increased hardness and chemically active fillers having a particle size of 80 microns. The blades 11 have four round rods 13 on each end side of a horseshoe-shaped shape with a diameter equal to the thickness of the screw loop, the gap 12 between the edges of the horseshoe-shaped blade 11 is equal to 0.25 of the outer diameter of the screw, the gap 15 between the blades 11 and the housing 1 is equal to the gap between the housing 1 and the ridge screw turn. When using less than four round rods 13 on each end side of the horseshoe-shaped blades 11, uniform mixing of secondary polymeric materials based on multilayer household products, the particle size of which is 0.5-1 mm, is not ensured and excessive pressure is created in the feed zone, which prevents the mixture from moving , and with more than four round rods 13 on each end side of the horseshoe-shaped blades 11, uniform mixing of fractions of multilayer secondary polymer materials of increased hardness with a particle size of 2-3 mm, a building material of 100 μm and reactive fillers with a particle size of 80 μm is not ensured. The use of four blades 11 having a horseshoe-shaped mixing with four round rods 13 on each end side of the horseshoe-shaped blades 11 ensures high-quality mixing of waste from multi-layer household products and building materials by creating an additional pressure difference between the round rods of the blades and the body. With a smaller number of blades 11, uniform mixing of secondary polymer, building materials and finely dispersed chemically active fillers is not ensured, since their particle size is 80 microns and they are poorly distributed along the extruder channel due to their lightness and inertness to the polymer molten material, and with a larger number of blades 11 on each side surface of the screw 3, nodes are created for the accumulation of multilayer polymer material due to the impossibility of advancing the mixture, which can lead to destruction of the multilayer polymer material.

The use of the claimed extruder in the processing of dissimilar secondary polymer and building materials allows you to combine preparatory operations (grinding, mixing, filling, heat treatment, pressing) and the operation of obtaining new high-quality products by extrusion and coextrusion.

Claims (1)

Extruder for the processing of dissimilar secondary polymer and building materials, including a housing consisting of a feed zone, a compression zone, a dosing zone, a gripper, a screw made of prefabricated, in the feed zone the screw is made in the form of a conical section, in the dosing zone the screw is made of two in series located conical section and cylindrical section, characterized in that the screw in the compression zone contains a mixing section with four horseshoe-shaped blades located on the screw, rotated 90 ° relative to each other, the blades have a thickness equal to the thickness of the coil, four round rods are rigidly connected to the blades from the end side of the horseshoe-shaped blades with a diameter equal to the thickness of the screw loop, the gap between the edges of the horseshoe of the blades is equal to 0.25 of the outer diameter of the screw and the gap between the blades and the housing.

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