RU205376U1 - Extruder for the processing of dissimilar secondary polymer and building materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of processing materials by pressure and can be used in the processing of polymer and building materials to obtain high-quality products. Described is an extruder for processing dissimilar secondary polymer and building materials, including a housing consisting of a feed zone, a compression zone, a dosing zone, a gripper, a screw made of assembly, in the feed zone the screw is made in the form of a conical section, in the dosing zone the screw is made of two successively arranged conical section and cylindrical section, where the screw in the compression zone contains a mixing section with four horseshoe-shaped blades located on the screw, rotated 90 degrees relative to each other, the blades have four triangular teeth on each inner side of the horseshoe-shaped thickness and depth equal to 2 of the coil thickness, the gap of the blades between the top of the horseshoe teeth is equal to 0.5 of the outer diameter of the screw and the gap between the blades and the body. The technical result consists in ensuring the production of new high-quality products by extrusion and coextrusion by ensuring uniform mixing of coarse fractions and small fractions of secondary polymer and building materials. 2 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of processing materials by pressure and can be used in the processing of polymer and building materials to obtain high-quality products.

Known extruder for processing thermoplastics (patent UA No. 5779, publ. 03/15/2005, bull. No. 3), selected as a prototype. The extruder contains a housing, a gripper, a screw, a feed zone, a compression zone, which consists of a barrier section and a decompression section, a dosing zone made of successive conical and cylindrical sections.

The disadvantage of the known design is that in the case of processing dissimilar secondary polymer and building materials, for example, based on cable products, consisting of secondary, primary raw materials, fillers, inert fibers, dyes and other components necessary for secondary polymer and building materials (secondary polymer mixture) requires a set of expensive equipment for preliminary preparation of raw materials (mixers, presses, plasticizers, granulators). The use of directly unprepared preliminary raw materials for a known design does not provide a good quality of the resulting secondary products due to insufficient mixing capabilities of the design.

The task of the technical solution is to improve the extruder due to a new screw design in the compression zone.

The essence of the technical solution: an extruder for the processing of dissimilar secondary polymer and building materials, including a housing consisting of a feed zone, a compression zone, a dosing zone, a gripper, a screw made of assembly, in the feed zone the screw is made in the form of a conical section, in the dosing zone in in the form of successively located conical section and cylindrical section, and in the compression zone the screw is made in the form of successively located mixing section and decompression section. The mixing section consists of four horseshoe-shaped blades, located on the auger, rotated 90 degrees relative to each other, the blades have four triangular teeth on each inner side of the horseshoe shape with a thickness and depth equal to 2 of the coil thickness, the blade gap between the top of the horseshoe teeth is 0.5 outer diameter of the auger, the gap between the blades and the body is equal to the gap between the body and the ridge of the coil. If there are less than four triangular teeth on each inner side of the horseshoe-shaped blades, uniform mixing of small fractions of secondary materials is not ensured and excessive pressure is created in the feed zone, which prevents the mixture from moving, and if there are more than four triangular teeth on each inner side of the horseshoe-shaped blades, uniform mixing is not ensured coarse fractions and filler mixture. When the mixture passes from the barrier section 7 to the decompression section 8, a decrease in pressure occurs, which contributes to the effective removal of volatile compounds. The use of four horseshoe mixing blades with four triangular teeth on each inner side of the horseshoe shape ensures good mixing of the filler and recycled polymer and building materials by creating an additional pressure difference between the triangular teeth of the blades and the housing. With a smaller number of blades, uniform mixing of secondary materials and finely dispersed filler is not ensured, and with a larger number of blades on each side surface of the screw, it is possible to create stagnant zones of materials, which can lead to their destruction.

The features common to the prototype are:

a body consisting of a feeding zone, a compression zone, a dosing zone,

gripper,

prefabricated auger,

in the feeding area, the auger is made in the form of a conical section,

in the dosing zone, the screw is made in the form of a conical section and a cylindrical section in series.

Distinctive features of the device are:

the screw in the compression zone is made in the form of a successive mixing section with four blades located on the screw, and a decompression section, the blades have a horseshoe shape,

the blades are located on the auger rotated 90 degrees relative to each other,

the blades have four triangular teeth on each inner side of a horseshoe shape with a thickness and a depth equal to 2 of the coil thickness,

the gap of the blades between the top of the horseshoe teeth is equal to 0.5 of the outer diameter of the screw, the gap between the blades and the housing is equal to the gap between the housing and the ridge of the turn.

The use of the claimed extruder in the processing of dissimilar secondary polymer and building materials allows you to combine preparatory operations (filling, pressing, mixing, granulating) and the operation of obtaining new high-quality products by extrusion and coextrusion.

FIG. 1 shows a general view of the device.

FIG. 2 shows the mixing section.

The extruder for processing dissimilar secondary polymer and building materials (Fig. 1) contains a housing 1, a gripper 2, a screw 3, made in the form of a prefabricated structure. The body consists of a feed zone 4, a compression zone 5, a dosing zone 6. In the feed zone 4, the screw is made in the form of a conical section. In the compression zone 5, the auger 3 is made of two successive parts: from the mixing section 7 and the decompression section 8. In the dosing zone 6, the auger consists of a conical section 9 and a cylindrical section 10. (Fig. 2) shows a mixing section 7 containing blades 11, located on the screw 3, rotated 90 degrees relative to each other, having a horseshoe-shaped gap 12 between the edges of the horseshoe, four triangular teeth 13 on each inner side of the horseshoe-shaped blade 11, while the mixture passes from the mixing area 14 through the gap 15 between blades 11 and housing 1 into the area of free movement of the mixture 16 formed between the inner part of the screw loop and the housing 1. In section 8, an opening 17 is made for withdrawing volatile compounds contained in polymeric materials.

An extruder for processing dissimilar secondary polymer and building materials operates as follows (Fig. 1).

Various dissimilar secondary polymer and building materials (primary, secondary, dyes and other fillers) are fed by separate dispensers into the gripper 2, captured by the screw 3, which rotates in the housing 1, transported in solid form, and compacted in the feed zone 4, then in the zone compression 5 in the mixing section 7 the components of the mixture are mixed, in the decompression section 8 volatile compounds contained in the polymeric materials are removed through the opening 16. The design of the conical section 9 of the dosing zone 6 determines the pressure and productivity that the extruder develops, the cylindrical section 10 of the zone dosing 6 provides pressure stabilization and determines the performance of the extruder.

Example. With a screw diameter of 30 mm and a coil thickness of 2 mm, the blades have a thickness of 4 mm and four triangular teeth on each inner side of a horseshoe shape with a thickness and depth of 4 mm, the blade gap between the edges of the horseshoe is 15 mm, the gap between the blades and the body equal to the gap between the body and the ridge of the turn. The design dimensions of the auger will be measured with a digital caliper with a measurement accuracy of 0.01 mm.

In the process of processing waste of construction and polymer materials with the creation of new composite products, for example, based on cable products using the method of coextrusion and extrusion extrusion in the mixing section 7 by using four blades 11 having a horseshoe shape, located on the screw, rotated by 90 degrees relative to each other, having four triangular teeth 13 on each inner side of the horseshoe shape, 30% uniformity of mixing of large fractions of PVC secondary polymer and building materials is provided and 35% uniformity of mixing of small fractions of PVC secondary polymer materials and linen fibers having a particle size of 200 microns ... The blades 11 have four triangular teeth 13 on each inner side of a horseshoe shape with a thickness and depth equal to 2 of the thickness of the coil, the gap of the blades 15 between the apex of the teeth 13 of the horseshoe blade 11 is equal to 0.5 of the outer diameter of the screw, the gap 15 between the blades 11 and the housing 1 is equal to the gap between the body 1 and the ridge of the auger turn 3. With less than four triangular teeth 13 on each inner side of the horseshoe-shaped blades 11, uniform mixing of secondary polymer materials based on cable products is not ensured, the particle size of which is 0.5-1 mm and excessive pressure is created in the feeding zone, which prevents the mixture from moving, and with more than four triangular teeth 13 on each inner side of the horseshoe-shaped blades 11, uniform mixing of small fractions of polyvinyl chloride polymer material with a particle size of 2-3 mm, a building material of 100 microns and linen fibers with a particle size is not ensured 200 microns. The use of four horseshoe-shaped mixing blades 11 with four triangular teeth 13 on each inner side of the horseshoe-shaped blades 11 ensures good mixing of cable waste and building materials by creating an additional pressure difference between the triangular teeth of the blades and the body. With a smaller number of blades 11, uniform mixing of secondary polymer, building materials and finely dispersed flax fibers is not ensured, since their particle size is 200 microns and they are poorly distributed along the extruder channel due to their lightness and inertness to the polymer molten material, and with a larger number of blades 11 on each side surface of the screw 3, nodes are created for the accumulation of polyvinyl chloride material due to the impossibility of advancing the mixture, which can lead to the destruction of the polyvinyl chloride material.

The use of the claimed extruder in the processing of dissimilar secondary polymer and building materials allows you to combine preparatory operations (grinding, mixing, filling, heat treatment, pressing) and the operation of obtaining new high-quality products by extrusion and coextrusion.

Claims (1)

Extruder for the processing of dissimilar secondary polymer and building materials, including a housing consisting of a feed zone, a compression zone, a dosing zone, a gripper, a screw made of prefabricated, in the feed zone the screw is made in the form of a conical section, in the dosing zone the screw is made of two in series located conical section and cylindrical section, characterized in that the screw in the compression zone contains a mixing section with four horseshoe-shaped blades located on the screw, rotated 90 degrees relative to each other, the blades have four triangular teeth on each inner side of the horseshoe-shaped thickness and a depth equal to 2 of the coil thickness, the gap of the blades between the top of the horseshoe teeth is equal to 0.5 of the outer diameter of the screw and the gap between the blades and the body.

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