RU201865U1 - Extruder for the processing of dissimilar secondary polymer and building materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of processing of polymer materials by pressure and can be used in the processing of polymer and construction waste to obtain quality products. The device contains a housing consisting of a feed zone, a compression zone, a dosing zone, a gripper, a prefabricated screw, in the feed zone the screw is made in the form of a conical section, in the compression zone the screw is made in the form of a sequentially located barrier section and a decompression section, and in the dosing zone, the screw is made of two successively located conical and mixing sections with four semicircular depressions on the lateral surface of the screw, located at an equal distance from each other, the depressions have a depth and width equal to the height of the turn ridge. The technical result is to ensure the production of new quality products. 2 ill.

Description

The technical solution relates to the processing of polymer materials by pressure and can be used in the processing of polymer and construction waste to obtain high-quality products.

Known extruder for processing thermoplastics (patent UA No. 5779, publ. 03/15/2005, bull. No. 3), selected as a prototype. The extruder contains a housing, a gripper, a screw, a feed zone, a compression zone, which consists of a barrier section and a decompression section, a dosing zone made of successive conical and cylindrical sections.

The disadvantage of the known design is that in the case of processing dissimilar secondary polymer and building materials, consisting of secondary, primary raw materials, fillers, dyes and other components necessary for secondary polymer and building materials (secondary polymer mixture), a set of expensive equipment is required for preliminary preparation raw materials (mixers, presses, plasticizers, granulators). The use of directly unprepared preliminary raw materials for a known design does not give a good quality of the resulting secondary products due to insufficient mixing capabilities of the design.

The task of the technical solution is to improve the extruder due to the new design of the screw in the dosing zone.

The essence of the technical solution: an extruder for the processing of dissimilar secondary polymer and building materials, including a housing consisting of a feed zone, a compression zone, a metering zone, a gripper, a screw made of assembly, in the feed zone the screw is made in the form of a conical section, in the compression zone a screw is made in the form of a sequentially located barrier section and a decompression section, and in the dosing zone the screw is made of two successively located conical and mixing sections with four semicircular depressions on the side surface of the screw, located at an equal distance from each other, the depressions have a depth and width equal to the height the comb of the turn. At a shallower depth and width of the depressions, uniform mixing of coarse fractions of secondary materials is not ensured, and at a greater depth and width of the depressions, uniform mixing of small fractions of secondary materials and filler is not ensured, and it is also possible to create stagnant zones of materials and fillers, which can lead to their destruction. The use of four semicircular mixing cavities provides a high-quality mixing of reactive fillers and secondary polymer and building materials by creating an additional pressure difference between the cavity and the body. With a smaller number of cavities, uniform mixing of secondary materials and finely dispersed filler is not ensured, and with a larger number of cavities on each side surface of the screw, stagnant zones of materials and fillers are created, which can lead to their destruction.

The features common to the prototype are:

a body consisting of a feed zone, a compression zone, a dosing zone,

gripping device,

modular auger,

in the feed area, the auger is made in the form of a conical section,

in the compression zone, the screw is made in the form of a sequentially located barrier section and a decompression section.

Distinctive features of the device are:

in the dosing zone the auger is made of two successively located conical and mixing sections with four semicircular cavities on the side surface of the auger,

depressions are equidistant from each other,

the depressions have a depth and width equal to the height of the turn ridge.

The use of the claimed extruder in the processing of dissimilar secondary polymer and building mixtures allows you to combine preparatory operations (filling, pressing, mixing, granulating) and the operation of obtaining new high-quality products by extrusion and coextrusion.

FIG. 1 shows a general view of the device.

FIG. 2 shows the mixing section of the dosing zone.

The extruder for processing dissimilar secondary polymer and building materials (Fig. 1) contains a housing 1, a gripper 2, a screw 3, made in the form of a prefabricated structure. The body consists of a feed zone 4, a compression zone 5, a dosing zone 6. In the feed zone 4, the screw is made in the form of a conical section. In the compression zone 5, the screw consists of a barrier section 7 and a decompression section 8. In the dosing zone 6, the screw is made of two successively arranged conical 9 and mixing 10 sections with four semicircular cavities 11 on the side surface of the screw. In (Fig. 2), a mixing section 10 with four semicircular depressions on the lateral surface of the screw is shown, containing semicircular depressions 11 located at an angle of 90 ° to the turn 12, while the mixture of polymer and building materials passes from the inlet channel with low shear deformations 13 between with the body and the inner side part of the semicircular cavity in the direction of rotation of the screw, into the outlet channel with high shear deformations 14 between the body and the outer side part of the semicircular cavity along the rotation of the screw, through the gap 15 between the cavity and the body 1. Removal of volatile compounds contained in the waste , occurs through the hole 16 made in the decompression section 8 of the compression zone 5.

An extruder for processing dissimilar secondary polymer and building materials works as follows.

Various polymeric materials (primary, secondary, dyes and other fillers) and waste of building materials are fed by separate dispensers into the gripper 2, captured by the screw 3, which rotates in the housing 1, transported in solid form, mixed, and compacted in the feed zone 4, then in the compression zone 5 in the barrier section 7, the polymer mixture is completely melted, in the decompression section of the secondary polymer melt 8 of the compression zone 5, volatile compounds contained in the waste are removed through the hole 16 made in the decompression zone 8 of the compression section 5 of the housing 1, the conical section 9 dosing zones 6 determine the magnitude and stability of pressure and productivity that the extruder develops, mixing section 10 of dosing zone 6 with four semicircular cavities on the side surface of the screw ensures uniform mixing of the components in the molten state. When passing from the barrier section 7 and the decompression section 8, a decrease in pressure occurs, which contributes to the efficient removal of easily volatile compounds.

Example. When the height of the ridge of the auger turn in the feed zone is 5 mm, the cavities have a height and width of 5 mm.

The use of the claimed extruder in the processing of dissimilar secondary polymer and building mixtures filled with chemically active substances makes it possible to combine preparatory operations (filling, mixing, granulating, pressing) and the operation of obtaining new high-quality products by extrusion and coextrusion.

Claims (1)

Extruder for the processing of dissimilar secondary polymer and building materials, including a housing consisting of a feed zone, a compression zone, a dosing zone, a gripper, a screw made of assembly, in the feed zone the screw is made in the form of a conical section, in the compression zone the screw is made of two in series located barrier section and decompression section, characterized in that the screw in the dosing zone is made of two successively located conical and mixing sections with four semicircular depressions on the side surface of the screw, located at an equal distance from each other, the depressions have a height and width equal to the height of the ridge coil, and form an inlet with low shear deformations, an outlet with high shear deformations and a gap formed between the trough and the body.

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