RU178124U1 - Extruder for processing biological and heterogeneous polymeric materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of processing biological and polymeric materials by pressure and can be used in the processing of biological and polymeric wastes to produce high-quality products. The device comprises a housing consisting of a feed zone, a compression zone, a metering zone, a gripping device, a screw made prefabricated, a screw in the feed zone is in the form of a conical section, in a metering zone, the screw is made of two conical and cylindrical sections in series, and the screw in the compression zone is made in the form of a barrier section and a four-way mixing section with eight mixing petals, each petal having a triangle shape and four petals are placed at an angle of 90 degrees relative to the adjacent petal, and the other four petals are placed at an angle of 120 degrees relative to the adjacent petal. The height of the blade is 0.3 diameter of the screw, the width of the blade is 0.25 of the diameter of the screw. The technical result consists in improving the extruder due to the new design of the screw in the compression zone. 2 ill.

Description

The technical solution relates to the field of processing biological and polymeric materials by pressure and can be used in the processing of biological and polymeric wastes to produce high-quality products.

Known extruder for processing thermoplastics (patent UA No. 5779, publ. March 15, 2005, Bull. No. 3), selected as a prototype. The extruder comprises a housing, a gripping device, an auger, a feed zone, a compression zone, which consists of a barrier section and a decompression section, a metering zone made of successive conical and cylindrical sections.

A disadvantage of the known design is that in the case of the processing of biological and polymeric materials consisting of secondary, primary raw materials, fillers, dyes and other components necessary for secondary biological and polymeric materials (secondary biological-polymer mixture), a set of expensive equipment is necessary for preliminary preparation feedstock (mixers, presses, plasticizers, granulators). The use of directly unprepared preliminary raw materials for the known design does not give good quality of the resulting secondary products due to insufficient mixing abilities of the design.

The objective of the technical solution is to improve the extruder due to the new design of the screw in the compression zone.

The essence of the technical solution: an extruder for processing biological and polymeric materials, including a housing consisting of a feed zone, a compression zone, a metering zone, a gripper, a screw made prefabricated, in the feed zone the screw is made in the form of a conical section, in the metering zone, the screw is made of two conical and cylindrical sections in series, and the screw in the compression zone is made in the form of a barrier section and a four-way mixing section with eight mixing lobes, each lobe having a shape mu of the triangle and four petals are placed at an angle of 90 degrees relative to the neighboring petal, and the other four petals are placed at an angle of 120 degrees relative to the neighboring petal. The height of the blade is 0.3 screw diameter, the width of the blade is 0.25 screw diameter for high-quality mixing of the components by creating additional melt compression within the allowable shear strain. With a lower ratio, a step will be obtained at the exit of the barrier section, which will reduce the quality of mixing of the components. With a larger ratio, the melt will not be able to uniformly move along the extruder and critical shear deformations will form.

Common features with the prototype are:

a housing consisting of a feed zone, a compression zone, a dosing zone,

gripper

prefabricated screw

in the feed zone, the screw is made in the form of a conical section,

in the metering zone, the screw is made of two consecutively arranged conical and cylindrical sections.

Distinctive features of a technical solution are:

the screw in the compression zone is made in the form of eight mixing petals, each petal having the shape of a triangle and four petals placed at an angle of 90 degrees relative to the adjacent petal, and the other four petals are placed at an angle of 120 degrees relative to the adjacent petal placed across the screw,

the height of the petal is 0.3 D,

the width of the petal is 0.25 D,

the petals form the input channel with low shear deformations, the output channel with high shear deformations and the gap of the petal.

The use of the claimed extruder in the processing of combined secondary mixtures allows you to combine preparatory operations (filling, pressing, mixing, granulation) and the operation of obtaining new high-quality products by extrusion.

The extruder for processing biological and polymeric materials (Fig. 1) contains a housing 1, a gripping device 2, a screw 3, made in the form of a prefabricated structure. The housing consists of a feed zone 4, a compression zone 5, a metering zone 6. In the feed zone 4, the screw 3 is made in the form of a conical section, in the compression zone 5, the screw 3 consists of a barrier section 7 and a mixing section of a multicomponent biological and polymer mixture 8. In the zone dosing 6, the screw 3 is made of two consecutive parts: from the conical 9 and the cylindrical section 10. On (Fig. 2) is a part of the mixing petals 11 located in the compression zone 5, and the mixing petals 11 are placed across the screw 12, while the material passes from input channel and with low shear deformations 13 into the outlet channel with high shear deformations 14 through the gap of the petal 15. Four petals are placed at an angle of 90 degrees relative to the adjacent petal to ensure low shear deformations when mixing biological and polymeric materials with liquid filler, and the other four petals are placed under angle of 120 degrees relative to the adjacent lobe to ensure high shear deformations when mixing biological and polymeric materials with powder fill lem. By alternating the angle of the petals relative to the adjacent petal, high-quality mixing of liquid and powder fillers with other components of the mixture is ensured. Petals are made in the form of triangles. The sharp angles of the petals provide high-quality plasticization of biological and polymeric materials with a powdery filler with stirring within the limits of permissible shear deformations.

An extruder for processing biological and polymeric materials works as follows (Fig. 1).

Various biological and polymeric materials (primary, secondary, dyes and other fillers) are supplied by separate dispensers to the gripper 2, captured by a screw 3, which rotates in the housing 1, are transported in solid form, and compacted in the supply zone 4, then in the zone 5 in The barrier section 7 moves the biological mixture and completely melts the polymer mixture, creates a mixture with a temperature uniform throughout the volume, in the mixing section of the multicomponent biological and polymer melt 8 of the compression zone Ia 5 occurs uniformly dispersing mixing action, by the use of the structure with eight petals intensify mixing shear deformation multicomponent melt bevel 9 and the cylindrical metering section 10 determine the magnitude of the zone 6 and pressure stability and performance that develops extruder.

Example. With a screw diameter of 43 mm, the height of the blade is 12.9 mm, and the width of the blade is 10.75 mm.

Using the claimed extruder in the processing of combined secondary biological-polymer mixtures allows you to combine preparatory operations (filling, mixing, granulating, pressing) and the operation of obtaining new high-quality products by extrusion.

Claims (1)

An extruder for processing biological and polymeric materials, including a housing consisting of a feed zone, a compression zone, a metering zone, a gripping device, a screw made prefabricated, in the feed zone the screw is made in the form of a conical section, in the metering zone the screw is made of two conical consecutive and cylindrical sections, characterized in that the screw in the compression zone is made in the form of eight mixing petals placed across the screw, each petal having the shape of a triangle, and four petals are placed at an angle of 90 ° relative to the adjacent petal, and the other four petals are placed at an angle of 120 ° relative to the adjacent petal, the height of the petal is 0.3 screw diameter, the width of the petal is 0.25 screw diameter, and forming the input channel with low shear deformations, the output channel with high shear deformation and clearance of the lobe.

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