RU185855U1 - Extruder for processing heterogeneous secondary polymeric and building materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of pressure processing of materials and can be used in the processing of polymer and construction waste to produce high-quality products. The device comprises a housing consisting of a feed zone, a compression zone, a metering zone, a gripping device, a screw made prefabricated, in the feed zone the screw is made in the form of a conical section, in the metering zone in the form of conically arranged conical sections and cylindrical sections, moreover, in the compression zone the screw is made in the form of a series of barrier sections and a mixing section with cam washers located on the axis of the screw, rotated 90 degrees relative to each other, the washers have a thickness equal to 2 widths of a turn a, the minimum clearance between the cam washers and the housing is equal to the clearance between the housing and the crest of the coil, and the maximum is the depth of the channel of the coil at the outlet of the barrier section. The technical result consists in obtaining new high-quality products by extrusion during the processing of heterogeneous secondary polymer and building mixtures, allows you to combine preparatory operations (filling, mixing, granulating, pressing) and operation.

Description

The technical solution relates to the field of pressure processing of materials and can be used in the processing of polymer and construction waste to produce high-quality products.

Known extruder for processing thermoplastics (patent UA No. 5779, publ. March 15, 2005, Bull. No. 3), selected as a prototype. The extruder comprises a housing, a gripping device, an auger, a feed zone, a compression zone, which consists of a barrier section and a decompression section, a metering zone made of successive conical and cylindrical sections.

A disadvantage of the known design is that in the case of processing heterogeneous secondary polymeric and building materials, consisting of secondary, primary raw materials, fillers, dyes and other components necessary for secondary polymeric and building materials (secondary polymer mixture), a set of expensive equipment is necessary for preliminary preparation feedstock (mixers, presses, plasticizers, granulators). The use of directly unprepared preliminary raw materials for the known design does not give good quality of the resulting secondary products due to insufficient mixing abilities of the design.

The objective of the technical solution is to improve the extruder due to the new design of the screw in the compression zone.

The essence of the technical solution: an extruder for processing heterogeneous secondary polymeric and building materials, including a housing consisting of a feed zone, a compression zone, a metering zone, a gripper, an auger made prefabricated, the auger is made in the form of a conical section in the metering zone in in the form of sequentially arranged conical sections and cylindrical sections, moreover, in the compression zone, the screw is made in the form of successively arranged barrier sections and mixing sections with cam washers, located On the axis of the screw, turned 90 degrees relative to each other, the washers have a thickness equal to 2 turns of the turn, the minimum clearance between the cam washers and the housing is equal to the clearance between the housing and the crest of the coil, and the maximum is the depth of the channel of the coil at the exit of the barrier section. With large gaps between the cam washers and the casing, uniform mixing of small fractions of secondary materials is not provided, and with smaller gaps, it is possible to create critical velocities and shear deformations of materials, which can lead to its destruction.

Common features with the prototype are:

a housing consisting of a feed zone, a compression zone, a dosing zone,

gripper

prefabricated screw

in the feed zone, the screw is made in the form of a conical section,

in the metering zone, the screw is made in the form of sequentially arranged cylindrical sections and conical sections.

Distinctive features of the device are:

auger in the compression zone, the auger is made in the form of successively arranged barrier sections and mixing sections with cam washers,

cam washers are located on the axis of the screw,

the cam washers are rotated 90 degrees relative to each other,

cam washers have a thickness equal to 2 turns of a turn,

the minimum clearance between the cam washers and the housing is equal to the clearance between the housing and the crest of the coil, and the maximum is the depth of the coil channel at the outlet of the barrier section.

The use of the claimed extruder in the processing of heterogeneous secondary polymer and construction mixtures allows you to combine preparatory operations (filling, pressing, mixing, granulating) and the operation of obtaining new high-quality products by extrusion.

The extruder for processing heterogeneous secondary polymeric and building materials (Fig. 1) contains a housing 1, a gripping device 2, a screw 3, made in the form of a prefabricated structure. The housing consists of a feed zone 4, a compression zone 5, a metering zone 6. In the feed zone 4, the screw is made in the form of a conical section. In the compression zone 5, the screw 3 is made of two consecutive parts: from the barrier section 7 and the mixing section 8. In the dispensing zone 6, the screw consists of a conical section 9 and a cylindrical section 10. On (Fig. 2) is presented a mixing section 8 containing cam washers 11 located on the axis of the screw 3, 90 degrees relative to each other, while the melt passes from the region of high shear deformations 12 formed between the upper part of the cam. 13 and the housing 1 in the region of low shear deformations 14 formed by the end surface 15 and the housing 1.

An extruder for processing heterogeneous secondary polymeric and building materials works as follows (Fig. 1).

Various polymeric materials (primary, secondary, dyes and other fillers) and building materials waste are fed by separate dispensers to the gripper 2, captured by a screw 3, which rotates in the housing 1, are transported in solid form, and compacted in the supply zone 4, then in the zone of compression 5 in the barrier section 7, the polymer mixture is completely melted, in the mixing section 8 with the cam washers the melt components are uniformly mixed, the conical section 9 of the metering zone 6 determines Inu pressure and performance that develops extruder cylindrical section 10 dosing zone 6 provides the pressure stabilization and determines the capacity of the extruder.

Example. With a screw channel depth of 2 mm, a turn width of 2 mm, a clearance between the turn crest and the body of 0.01 mm, the cam washers have a thickness of 4 mm, a minimum clearance between the cam washers and the body is 0.01 mm, and the maximum is 2 mm.

The use of the claimed extruder in the processing of heterogeneous secondary polymer and building mixtures allows you to combine preparatory operations (filling, mixing, granulating, pressing) and the operation of obtaining new high-quality products by extrusion.

Claims (1)

An extruder for processing heterogeneous secondary polymeric and building materials, including a housing consisting of a feed zone, a compression zone, a metering zone, a gripper, an auger made prefabricated, in the feed zone the auger is made in the form of a conical section, in the dosing zone the auger is made of two in series located conical section and cylindrical section, characterized in that the screw in the compression zone contains a barrier section and a mixing section with cam washers located on the axis of the screw, rotated 90 degrees whiskers relative to each other, the washers have a thickness equal to the width of the coil 2, the minimum gap between the cam ring and the housing is a gap between the housing and the comb coil, and the maximum - the depth of the channel at the output winding of the barrier section.

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