RU205377U1 - Extruder for the processing of dissimilar secondary polymer and building materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of processing materials by pressure and can be used in the processing of polymer and building materials to obtain high-quality products. Described is an extruder for processing dissimilar secondary polymer and building materials, including a housing consisting of a feed zone, a compression zone, a dosing zone, a gripper, a screw made of assembly, in the feed zone the screw is made in the form of a conical section, in the dosing zone the screw is made of two sequentially located conical section and cylindrical section, while the screw in the compression zone contains a mixing section with two turns located on the screw, rotated 90 ° relative to each other, the turns have a thickness equal to 2 mm of the thickness of the feed zone turn, with a gap between the body and a ridge of turns equal to 0.1 mm of the outer diameter of the screw. The technical result consists in ensuring high-quality mixing of chemically active fillers and secondary polymer and building materials by creating an additional pressure difference between the turns and the body. 2 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of processing materials by pressure and can be used in the processing of polymer and building materials to obtain high-quality products.

Known extruder for processing thermoplastics (patent UA No. 5779, publ. 03/15/2005, bull. No. 3), selected as a prototype. The extruder contains a housing, a gripper, a screw, a feed zone, a compression zone, which consists of a barrier section and a decompression section, a dosing zone made of successive conical and cylindrical sections.

The disadvantage of the known design is that in the case of processing dissimilar secondary polymer and building materials, for example, based on cable products, consisting of secondary, primary raw materials, fillers, dyes and other components necessary for secondary polymer and building materials (secondary polymer mixture) a set of expensive equipment is required for preliminary preparation of raw materials (mixers, presses, plasticizers, granulators). The use of directly unprepared preliminary raw materials for a known design does not provide a good quality of the resulting secondary products due to insufficient mixing capabilities of the design.

The task of the technical solution is to improve the extruder due to a new screw design in the compression zone.

The essence of the technical solution: an extruder for the processing of dissimilar secondary polymer and building materials, including a housing consisting of a feed zone, a compression zone, a dosing zone, a gripper, a screw made of assembly, in the feed zone the screw is made in the form of a conical section, in the dosing zone in in the form of successively located conical section and cylindrical section, and in the compression zone the screw is made in the form of successively located mixing section and decompression section. The mixing section consists of two turns located on the screw, rotated by 90 ° relative to each other, the turns have a thickness equal to 2 mm of the thickness of the turn of the feed zone auger, the gap between the body and the ridge of the turns is 0.1 mm of the outer diameter of the screw. With a smaller gap between the turns and the body, uniform mixing and passage of large fractions of secondary materials is not ensured and excessive pressure is created in the feed zone, which prevents the mixture from moving, and with large gaps, uniform mixing of fine fractions and the mixture filler is not ensured. When the mixture passes from the barrier section 7 to the decompression section 8, a decrease in pressure occurs, which contributes to the effective removal of volatile compounds. The use of two coils located perpendicularly provides high-quality mixing of reactive fillers and secondary polymer and building materials by creating an additional pressure difference between the coils and the body. With a smaller number of turns, uniform mixing of secondary materials and finely dispersed filler is not ensured, and with a larger number of turns on each side surface of the screw, it is possible to create stagnant zones of materials and fillers, which can lead to their destruction.

The features common to the prototype are:

a body consisting of a feeding zone, a compression zone, a dosing zone,

gripper,

prefabricated auger,

in the feeding area, the auger is made in the form of a conical section,

in the dosing zone, the screw is made in the form of a conical section and a cylindrical section in series.

Distinctive features of the device are:

the screw in the compression zone is made in the form of a successive mixing section with two turns located on the screw, and a decompression section,

turns are located on the auger, rotated 90 ° relative to each other,

the turns have a thickness equal to 2 mm of the thickness of the turn of the feed zone,

the gap between the body and the ridge of the turns is 0.1 mm of the outer diameter of the screw.

The use of the claimed extruder in the processing of dissimilar secondary polymer and building materials allows you to combine preparatory operations (filling, pressing, mixing, granulating) and the operation of obtaining new high-quality products by extrusion and coextrusion.

FIG. 1 shows a general view of the device.

FIG. 2 shows the mixing section.

The extruder for processing dissimilar secondary polymer and building materials (Fig. 1) contains a housing 1, a gripper 2, a screw 3, made in the form of a prefabricated structure. The body consists of a feed zone 4, a compression zone 5, a dosing zone 6. In the feed zone 4, the screw is made in the form of a conical section. In the compression zone 5, the auger 3 is made of two successive parts: from the mixing section 7 and the decompression section 8. In the dosing zone 6, the auger consists of a conical section 9 and a cylindrical section 10. (Fig. 2) shows a mixing section 7 containing a loop 11 and turn 12, located on the screw, rotated 90 ° relative to each other, while the mixture passes from the mixing area 13 formed between the inner part of the turn 11 of the screw 3 and the body 1 through the gap 14 between the turns and the body 1 into the area of free movement of the mixture 15 formed between the inner part of the loop 12 of the screw 3 and the housing 1. In section 8, an opening 16 is made to drain volatile compounds contained in the polymeric materials.

An extruder for processing dissimilar secondary polymer and building materials operates as follows (Fig. 1).

Various dissimilar secondary polymer and building materials (primary, secondary, dyes and other fillers) are fed by separate dispensers into the gripper 2, captured by the screw 3, which rotates in the housing 1, transported in solid form, and compacted in the feed zone 4, then in the zone compression 5 in the mixing section 7 the components of the mixture are mixed, in the decompression section 8 volatile compounds contained in the polymeric materials are removed through the opening 16. The design of the conical section 9 of the dosing zone 6 determines the pressure and productivity that the extruder develops, the cylindrical section 10 of the zone dosing 6 provides pressure stabilization and determines the performance of the extruder.

Example. With a screw diameter of 40 mm and a coil thickness in the feed zone of 2 mm, the turns of the mixing section have a thickness of 4 mm, the gap between the turns and the body is 4 mm. The design dimensions of the auger will be measured with a digital caliper with a measurement accuracy of 0.01 mm.

In the process of processing waste of construction and polymer materials with the creation of new composite products, for example, based on waste of additive technologies using the method of coextrusion and extrusion extrusion in mixing section 7 by using two turns 11 and 12 located on the screw, rotated by 90 ° each relative to the other, having a loop thickness equal to 2 the thickness of the loop of the feed zone, 30% homogeneity of mixing of coarse fractions of solid secondary polymer and building materials is ensured and 40% homogeneity of mixing of fine fractions of solid secondary polymer materials and chemically active substances having a particle size of 100 microns. Coils 11 and 12 have a thickness equal to 2 of the thickness of the coil of the feed zone, the gap 14 between the body 1 and the crest of the turns is 0.1 of the outer diameter of the screw 3. With less than two turns 11 and 12 in the mixing section 7, uniform mixing of secondary polymer materials is not ensured. based on waste of additive technologies, the particle size of which is 0.5-1 mm, building materials and fine chemically active fillers, since their particle size is 100 microns and they are poorly distributed along the extruder channel due to their lightness and excessive pressure is created in the feed zone, which prevents the mixture from advancing, and with more than two turns 11 and 12, uniform mixing of secondary polymeric materials based on waste of additive technologies with a particle size of 2-3 mm, a building material of 100 microns and chemically active fillers with a particle size of 100 microns is not ensured, and accumulation nodes are created polymer material and filler due to the impossibility of advancing the mixture, which can lead to material destruction. The use of two turns 11 and 12, having a thickness equal to 2 mm of the thickness of the turn of the feed zone, provides a high-quality mixing of waste of additive technologies and building materials by creating an additional pressure difference between the turns and the body.

The use of the claimed extruder in the processing of dissimilar secondary polymer and building materials allows you to combine preparatory operations (grinding, mixing, filling, heat treatment, pressing) and the operation of obtaining new high-quality products by extrusion and coextrusion.

Claims (1)

Extruder for the processing of dissimilar secondary polymer and building materials, including a housing consisting of a feed zone, a compression zone, a dosing zone, a gripper, a screw made of prefabricated, in the feed zone the screw is made in the form of a conical section, in the dosing zone the screw is made of two in series located conical section and cylindrical section, characterized in that the screw in the compression zone contains a mixing section with two turns located on the screw, rotated by 90 ° relative to each other, the turns have a thickness equal to 2 mm of the thickness of the feed zone turn, with a gap between the body and a ridge of turns equal to 0.1 mm of the outer diameter of the screw.

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