RU212584U1 - Extruder for processing dissimilar secondary polymeric and building materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the processing of polymer and building materials by pressure and can be used in the processing of polymer waste to obtain high-quality products. The device contains a body consisting of a feed zone, a compression zone, a dosing zone, a gripping device, an auger made of a prefabricated one; the dosing zone is made of two successively located conical and mixing sections, in the mixing section the screw is made in the form of a coil with four blades, made in the form of a series of balls, the height and width of each ball of the blade is equal to 0.3 of the screw diameter, the inlet channel is formed between the housing and the inner part of the screw, the outlet channel is formed between the body and the inner part of the screw in the direction of rotation of the screw, contains a gap between the top of the coil and the body. The technical result consists in ensuring an increase in the homogeneity of mixing large and small fractions of soft composite secondary polymeric and building materials. 2 ill.

Description

The technical solution relates to the processing of polymer and building materials by pressure and can be used in the processing of polymer waste to obtain high-quality products.

Known extruder for processing thermoplastics (patent UA No. 5779, publ. 15.03.2005, Bull. No. 3), selected as a prototype. The extruder contains a housing, a gripper, a screw, a feed zone, a compression zone, which consists of a barrier section and a decompression section, a dosing zone made of successive conical and cylindrical sections.

The disadvantage of the known design is that in the case of processing heterogeneous secondary polymeric and building materials, consisting of secondary, primary raw materials, fillers, dyes and other components necessary for secondary polymeric and building materials (secondary polymer mixture), a set of expensive equipment for preliminary preparation is required. feedstock (mixers, presses, plasticizers, granulators). The use of directly unprepared preliminary raw materials for a known design does not give good quality of the resulting secondary products due to insufficient mixing capabilities of the design.

The objective of the technical solution is to improve the extruder due to the new design of the screw in the dosing zone.

The essence of the technical solution: An extruder for the processing of dissimilar secondary polymeric and building materials, including a body consisting of a feed zone, a compression zone, a dosing zone, a gripping device, a prefabricated screw, in the feed zone the screw is made in the form of a conical section, in the compression zone, the screw is made of two sequentially located barrier section and the decompression section, the screw in the dosing zone is made of two successively located conical and mixing sections, in the mixing section the screw is made in the form of a coil with four blades, made in the form of a series of balls, the height and width of each of the blade ball is equal to 0.3 of the screw diameter, the inlet channel is formed between the housing and the inner part of the screw, the outlet channel is formed between the housing and the inner part of the screw in the direction of rotation of the screw, it contains a gap between the top of the coil and the housing. The device provides an increase in the homogeneity of mixing large and small fractions of soft composite secondary polymeric and building materials.

With a smaller height and width of each ball of blades, uniform mixing of fine and medium soft fractions of secondary materials is not ensured, and if the set of balls of blades is too high, critical velocities and shear deformations of materials can be created, since a lot of pressure is formed in the dosing zone, and large blades cannot consistently push through the material, which can lead to its destruction.

Common features with the prototype are:

housing, consisting of a feeding zone, a compression zone, a dosing zone,

gripper,

prefabricated screw,

in the feed zone, the screw is made in the form of a conical section,

in the compression zone, the screw is made in the form of a barrier section and a decompression section arranged in series.

Distinctive features of the device are:

in the dosing zone, the auger is made of two successively located conical and mixing sections with a coil of four blades, made in the form of a sequential set of balls,

the height and width of each ball of the blade is equal to 0.3 of the screw diameter,

The use of the claimed extruder in the processing of heterogeneous secondary polymer and building mixtures allows you to combine preparatory operations (filling, pressing, mixing, granulating) and the operation of obtaining new high-quality products by extrusion, and ensures high-quality mixing of the mixture components.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the device.

In FIG. 2 shows the mixing section.

An extruder for processing heterogeneous secondary polymeric and building materials (Fig. 1) contains a body 1, a gripper 2, a screw 3, made in the form of a prefabricated structure. The housing consists of a feed zone 4, a compression zone 5, a dosing zone 6. In the feed zone 4, the screw 3 is made in the form of a conical section. In the compression zone 5, the screw consists of a barrier section 7 and a decompression section 8. In the dosing zone 6, the screw is made of two conical 9 and mixing 10 sections in series. On (Fig. 2) shows the mixing section 10 with a coil consisting of four blades 11, 12, 13, 14, made in the form of a sequential set of balls, while the mixture of polymer and building materials passes from the input channel with low shear deformations 15, formed between the body and the inside of the screw into the outlet channel with high shear deformations 16, formed between the body and the inside of the screw in the direction of rotation of the screw, through the gap between the top of the coil and the body 17. Removal of volatile compounds contained in the waste occurs through the hole 18.

An extruder for processing heterogeneous secondary polymeric and building materials operates as follows (Fig. 1).

Various polymeric materials (primary, secondary, dyes and other fillers) and building materials waste are fed by separate dispensers into the gripper 2, are captured by the screw 3, which rotates in the housing 1, are transported in solid form and compacted in the feeding zone 4, then in the compression zone 5, in the barrier section 7, the complete melting of the polymer mixture occurs, in the decompression section of the secondary polymer melt 8 of the compression zone 5, volatile compounds contained in the waste are removed through the hole 18, the conical section 9 of the dosing zone 6 determines the magnitude and stability of pressure and productivity, which develops an extruder, the mixing section 10 of the dosing zone 6 with blades made in the form of a sequential set of balls having the same height and width, ensures uniform mixing of the mixture and the formation of a homogeneous melt. The mixture of polymer and building materials passes from the low shear inlet channel 15 to the high shear outlet channel 16 through the gap between the top of the coil and the body 17. The presence of a barrier section 7 and a decompression section 8 in the compression zone 5 ensures pressure stabilization and extruder performance. The presence of a conical section in the feed zone 4 ensures a uniform supply and compaction of the material in solid form.

Example. In the mixing section, the screw is made in the form of a coil with four blades, made in the form of a sequential set of balls.

For augers with a screw diameter between 10 mm and 30 mm with a length to diameter ratio of 25 to 1, the height and width of each ball of the blade will be from 3 mm to 9 mm and the number of balls will be 16. For augers with a screw diameter between 30 mm and 60 mm with with a length to diameter ratio of 30 to 1, the height and width of each ball of the blade will be from 9 mm to 18 mm and the number of balls will be 20. For screws with a screw diameter of 60 mm to 90 mm with a length to diameter ratio of 35 to 1, the height and width of each ball the blades will be from 18 mm to 27 mm and the number of balls will be 23. The design dimensions of the auger will be measured with a digital caliper with an accuracy of 0.01 mm.

In the process of processing waste of building and polymeric materials with the creation of new composite products, for example, based on soft household waste using the method of co-extrusion and extrusion extrusion in the mixing section 10 due to the use of a coil with four blades, made in the form of a sequential set of balls, 18 % homogeneity of mixing of large fractions of soft composite secondary polymeric and building materials and 24% homogeneity of mixing of fine fractions of soft composite secondary polymeric materials and carbon materials having a particle size of 90 microns. The screw coil 3 has four blades made in the form of a sequential set of balls, the height and width of each ball of the blade is equal to 0.3 of the screw diameter, the inlet channel is formed between the body and the inside of the screw, the outlet channel is formed between the body and the inside of the screw in the direction of rotation of the screw , contains a gap between the coil and the housing. With less than four blades 11, 12, 13 and 14, uniform mixing of secondary polymeric and building materials based on soft household waste, the particle size of which is 1-2 mm, is not ensured and excess pressure is created in the feed zone, which prevents the mixture from moving, and at more four blades 11, 12, 13 and 14 do not provide uniform mixing of the soft fractions of the composite polymer material with a particle size of 2-3 mm and carbon materials with a particle size of 90 μm. The use of turns with four blades 11, 12, 13 and 14, shaped as a sequential set of balls, provides high-quality mixing of waste based on soft domestic waste and building materials by creating an additional pressure difference between the blades and the housing.

The use of the claimed extruder in the processing of heterogeneous secondary polymer and building mixtures allows you to combine preparatory operations (filling, mixing, granulating, pressing) and the operation of obtaining new high-quality products by extrusion due to the use in the dosing zone of sequentially located conical and mixing sections with a special design of the blades.

Claims (1)

An extruder for processing heterogeneous secondary polymeric and building materials, including a body consisting of a feed zone, a compression zone, a dosing zone, a gripping device, a prefabricated screw, in the feed zone the screw is made in the form of a conical section, in the compression zone the screw is made of two in series located barrier section and decompression section, characterized in that the screw in the dosing zone is made of two successively located conical sections and a mixing section made in the form of a coil with four blades made in the form of a sequential set of balls, the height and width of each ball of the blade is 0, 3 diameters of the screw, the inlet channel is formed between the body and the inner part of the screw, the outlet channel is formed between the body and the inner part of the screw along the screw rotation, contains a gap between the top of the coil and the body.

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