RU212583U1 - Extruder for processing dissimilar secondary polymeric and building materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the processing of polymer and building materials by pressure and can be used in the processing of polymer waste to obtain high-quality products. The device includes a body consisting of a feed zone, a compression zone, a dosing zone, a gripping device, an auger made of a prefabricated one; the dosing zone is made of two consecutive conical and mixing sections, in the mixing section the screw is made in the form of a coil with four rectangular blades, the height of the first blade is 0.1 of the screw diameter, the height of the second blade is 0.2 of the screw diameter, the height of the third blade is 0.3 of the screw diameter, the height of the fourth blade is 0.4 of the screw diameter, the blades of the turns have a width of 0.2 of the screw diameter, each blade has a rectangular groove with a depth equal to 0.5 of the height of each blade and a width of 0.5 the width of each blade, the inlet channel is formed between the body and the inside of the screw, the outlet channel is formed between the body and the inside of the screw and in the course of rotation of the screw, contains a gap between the top of the coil and the body. The device provides an increase in the homogeneity of mixing large and small fractions of solid composite secondary polymeric and building materials. 2 ill.

Description

The technical solution relates to the processing of polymer and building materials by pressure and can be used in the processing of polymer waste to obtain high-quality products.

Known extruder for processing thermoplastics (patent UA No. 5779, publ. 15.03.2005, Bull. No. 3), selected as a prototype. The extruder contains a housing, a gripper, a screw, a feed zone, a compression zone, which consists of a barrier section and a decompression section, a dosing zone made of successive conical and cylindrical sections.

The disadvantage of the known design is that in the case of processing heterogeneous secondary polymeric and building materials, consisting of secondary, primary raw materials, fillers, dyes and other components necessary for secondary polymeric and building materials (secondary polymer mixture), a set of expensive equipment for preliminary preparation is required. feedstock (mixers, presses, plasticizers, granulators). The use of directly unprepared preliminary raw materials for a known design does not give good quality of the resulting secondary products due to insufficient mixing capabilities of the design.

The objective of the technical solution is to improve the extruder due to the new design of the screw in the dosing zone.

The essence of the technical solution:

An extruder for processing heterogeneous secondary polymeric and building materials, including a body consisting of a feed zone, a compression zone, a dosing zone, a gripping device, a prefabricated screw, in the feed zone the screw is made in the form of a conical section, in the compression zone, the screw is made of two barrier section and decompression section located in series, the screw in the dosing zone is made of two successively located conical and mixing sections, in the mixing section the screw is made in the form of a coil with four rectangular blades, the height of the first blade is 0.1 of the screw diameter, the height of the second blade is 0.2 of the screw diameter, the height of the third blade is 0.3 of the screw diameter, the height of the fourth blade is 0.4 of the screw diameter, the blades of the flights have a width equal to 0.2 of the screw diameter, each blade has a rectangular groove with a depth equal to 0.5 of the height each blade and a width equal to 0.5 of the width of each blade, the inlet channel is formed between the body and the inner part As part of the screw, the outlet channel is formed between the housing and the inner part of the screw in the direction of rotation of the screw, contains a gap between the top of the coil and the housing. The device provides an increase in the homogeneity of mixing large and small fractions of solid composite secondary polymeric and building materials.

With a smaller height and width of the blades, uniform mixing of fine and medium fractions of secondary materials is not ensured, and if the blade height is too high, critical velocities and shear deformations of materials can be created, since a lot of pressure is formed in the dosing zone, and blades of the same size cannot sequentially push through the material , which can lead to its destruction. With a shallower depth and width of the rectangular slot of the blades, uniform mixing of fine solid fractions of secondary materials is not ensured, and if the slot of the blades is too deep, stagnant zones may be created, since fine solid particles of secondary materials will settle at the bottom of the slot.

Features common with the prototype are

housing, consisting of a feeding zone, a compression zone, a dosing zone,

gripper,

prefabricated screw,

in the feed zone, the screw is made in the form of a conical section,

in the compression zone, the screw is made in the form of a barrier section and a decompression section arranged in series.

The distinguishing features of the device are

in the dosing zone, the screw is made of two successively located conical and mixing sections with a coil of a rectangular blade,

the height of the first blade is equal to 0.1 of the screw diameter,

the height of the second blade is equal to 0.2 of the screw diameter,

the height of the third blade is equal to 0.3 of the screw diameter,

the height of the fourth blade is equal to 0.4 of the screw diameter,

the coil blades have a width equal to 0.2 of the screw diameter,

each blade has a rectangular groove with a depth equal to 0.5 of the height of each blade and a width equal to 0.5 of the width of each blade.

The use of the claimed extruder in the processing of heterogeneous secondary polymer and building mixtures allows you to combine preparatory operations (filling, pressing, mixing, granulating) and the operation of obtaining new high-quality products by extrusion, and ensures high-quality mixing of the mixture components.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the device.

In FIG. 2 shows the mixing section.

An extruder for processing heterogeneous secondary polymeric and building materials (Fig. 1) contains a body 1, a gripper 2, a screw 3, made in the form of a prefabricated structure. The housing consists of a feed zone 4, a compression zone 5, a dosing zone 6. In the feed zone 4, the screw 3 is made in the form of a conical section. In the compression zone 5, the screw consists of a barrier section 7 and a decompression section 8. In the dosing zone 6, the screw is made of two conical 9 and mixing 10 sections in series. On (Fig. 2) there is a mixing section 10 with a coil consisting of four rectangular blades 11, 12, 13, 14, each blade has rectangular grooves 15, 16, 17, 18, while the mixture of polymer and building materials passes from the input low shear channel 19 formed between the body and the inside of the screw into the outlet high shear channel 20 formed between the body and the inside of the screw in the direction of rotation of the screw, through the gap between the top of the flight and the body 21. Removal of easily volatile compounds that contained in the waste, occurs through the hole 22.

An extruder for processing heterogeneous secondary polymeric and building materials operates as follows (Fig. 1).

Various polymeric materials (primary, secondary, dyes and other fillers) and building materials waste are fed by separate dispensers into the gripper 2, are captured by the screw 3, which rotates in the housing 1, are transported in solid form and compacted in the feeding zone 4, then in the compression zone 5 in the barrier section 7, the complete melting of the polymer mixture occurs, in the decompression section of the secondary polymer melt 8 of the compression zone 5, the volatile compounds contained in the waste are removed through the hole 22, the conical section 9 of the dosing zone 6 determines the magnitude and stability of pressure and productivity, which develops an extruder, the mixing section 10 of the dosing zone 6 with rectangular blades having different heights and rectangular grooves having different depths, ensures uniform mixing of the mixture and the formation of a homogeneous melt. The mixture of polymer and building materials passes from the low shear inlet channel 19 to the high shear outlet channel 20 through the gap between the top of the coil and the body 21. The presence of a barrier section 7 and a decompression section 8 in the compression zone 5 ensures pressure stabilization and extruder performance. The presence of a conical section in the feed zone 4 ensures a uniform supply and compaction of the material in solid form.

Example. In the barrier section, the screw is made in the form of a coil with four rectangular blades with rectangular grooves, with a screw diameter of 30 mm, the height of the first blade is 3 mm, the height of the second blade is 6 mm, the height of the third blade is 9 mm, the height of the fourth blade is 12 mm, the blades of the coils have a width equal to 5 mm, the groove depth of the first blade is 1.5 mm, the groove depth of the second blade is 3 mm, the groove depth of the third blade is 4.5 mm, the groove depth of the fourth blade is 6 mm, the grooves of the turns blades have a width of 2.5 mm. The structural dimensions of the auger will be measured with a digital caliper with an accuracy of 0.01 mm.

In the process of processing waste of building and polymeric materials with the creation of new composite products, for example, based on municipal solid waste using the method of co-extrusion and extrusion extrusion in the mixing section 10 through the use of a coil with four rectangular blades 11, a 20% uniformity of mixing of large fractions of solid composite secondary polymer and building materials and 28% homogeneity mixing of fine fractions of solid composite secondary polymer materials and limestone, having a particle size of 100 microns. The coil 11 has four rectangular blades, the height of the first blade is 0.1 of the screw diameter, the height of the second blade is 0.2 of the screw diameter, the height of the third blade is 0.3 of the screw diameter, the height of the fourth blade is 0.4 of the screw diameter, the blades of the turns have a width equal to 0.2 of the screw diameter, each blade has a rectangular groove with a depth equal to 0.5 of the height of each blade and a width equal to 0.5 of the width of each blade, the inlet channel is formed between the housing and the inside of the screw, the outlet channel is formed between rectangular coil of the screw and the body, contains a gap between the coil and the body. With less than four blades 11, 12, 13 and 14, uniform mixing of secondary polymeric materials based on municipal solid waste is not ensured, the particle size of which is 2-3 mm and excess pressure is created in the feed zone, which prevents the mixture from moving, and with more than four blades 11, 12, 13 and 14 do not provide uniform mixing of the fractions of the composite polymer material with a particle size of 3-5 mm and limestone with a particle size of 100 μm. The use of coils with four blades 11, 12, 13 and 14, having a rectangular shape with rectangular grooves 15, 16, 17, 18 provides high-quality mixing of waste based on municipal solid waste and building materials by creating an additional pressure difference between the blades and the housing.

The use of the claimed extruder in the processing of heterogeneous secondary polymer and building mixtures allows you to combine preparatory operations (filling, mixing, granulating, pressing) and the operation of obtaining new high-quality products by extrusion due to the use in the dosing zone of sequentially located conical and mixing sections with a special design of the blades.

Claims (1)

An extruder for processing heterogeneous secondary polymeric and building materials, including a body consisting of a feed zone, a compression zone, a dosing zone, a gripping device, a prefabricated screw, in the feed zone the screw is made in the form of a conical section, in the compression zone the screw is made of two in series located barrier section and decompression section, characterized in that the auger in the dosing zone is made of two consecutive conical sections and a mixing section made in the form of a coil with four rectangular blades, the height of the first blade is equal to 0.1 of the diameter of the auger, the height of the second blade is equal to 0.2 of the screw diameter, the height of the third blade is 0.3 of the screw diameter, the height of the fourth blade is 0.4 of the screw diameter, the blades of the flights have a width equal to 0.2 of the screw diameter, each blade has a rectangular groove with a depth equal to 0.5 of the height each blade, and a width equal to 0.5 of the width of each blade, the inlet channel is formed between the housing and the inside nth part of the screw, the outlet channel is formed between the body and the inner part of the screw in the direction of rotation of the screw, contains a gap between the top of the coil and the body.

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