RU214490U1 - Extruder for processing dissimilar secondary polymer and building materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of plastic materials processing by pressure and can be used in the processing of polymer waste to obtain high-quality products. The device includes a body consisting of a feed zone, a compression zone, a dosing zone, a gripping device, an auger made of a prefabricated one; the dosing zone is made of two successively located conical and mixing sections, with a coil of an oval-shaped screw blade, the upper part of which has a five-stage recess, the semicircular steps of which are located at an equal distance from each other, while the recess has a depth equal to half the height of the comb of the coil of the mixing section screw, and a width equal to the width of the crest of the coil, the inlet channel is formed between the body and the inner part of the screw, the outlet channel is formed between its outer part and the body, contains a gap between the highest part of the five-stage recess and the body. The technical result consists in ensuring the homogeneity of mixing large and small fractions of multilayer secondary polymeric and building materials. 2 ill.

Description

The technical solution relates to the processing of polymer materials by pressure and can be used in the processing of polymer waste to obtain high-quality products.

Known extruder for processing thermoplastics (patent UA No. 5779, publ. 15.03.2005, Bull. No. 3), selected as a prototype. The extruder contains a housing, a gripper, a screw, a feed zone, a compression zone, which consists of a barrier section and a decompression section, a dosing zone made of successive conical and cylindrical sections.

The disadvantage of the known design is that in the case of processing heterogeneous secondary polymeric and building materials, consisting of secondary, primary raw materials, fillers, dyes and other components necessary for secondary polymeric and building materials (secondary polymer mixture), a set of expensive equipment for preliminary preparation is required. feedstock (mixers, presses, plasticizers, granulators). The use of directly unprepared preliminary raw materials for a known design does not give good quality of the resulting secondary products due to insufficient mixing capabilities of the design.

The objective of the technical solution is to improve the extruder due to the new design of the screw in the dosing zone.

The essence of the technical solution

An extruder for processing heterogeneous secondary polymeric and building materials, including a body consisting of a feed zone, a compression zone, a dosing zone, a gripping device, a prefabricated screw, in the feed zone the screw is made in the form of a conical section, in the compression zone the screw is made of two successively located in the barrier section and the decompression section, the screw in the dosing zone is made of two successively located conical and mixing sections, with an oval-shaped screw blade coil, the upper part of which has a five-stage recess, the semicircular steps of which are located at an equal distance from each other, while the recess has a depth equal to half the height of the scroll crest of the mixing section of the screw, and a width equal to the width of the coil crest, the inlet channel is formed between the body and the inner part of the screw, the outlet channel is formed between its outer part and the body, contains a gap between the highest part of the five-stage recess and the body.

Common features with the prototype are:

housing, consisting of a feeding zone, a compression zone, a dosing zone,

gripper,

prefabricated screw,

in the feeding area the screw is made in the form of a conical section,

in the compression zone, the screw is made in the form of a barrier section and a decompression section arranged in series.

Distinctive features of the device are:

in the dosing zone, the auger is made of two successively located conical and mixing sections with an oval-shaped blade coil, the upper part of which has a five-stage recess,

the recess steps have a semicircular shape and are located at an equal distance from each other,

a five-stage recess has a depth equal to half the height of the crest of the coil,

the five-stage recess has a width equal to the width of the crest of the coil,

The use of the claimed extruder in the processing of heterogeneous secondary polymer and building mixtures allows you to combine preparatory operations (filling, pressing, mixing, granulating) and the operation of obtaining new high-quality products by extrusion, and ensures high-quality mixing of the mixture components.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the device.

In FIG. 2 shows the mixing section.

An extruder for processing heterogeneous secondary polymeric and building materials (Fig. 1) contains a housing 1, a gripper 2, a screw 3, made in the form of a prefabricated structure. The housing consists of a feed zone 4, a compression zone 5, a dosing zone 6. In the feed zone 4, the screw is made in the form of a conical section. In the compression zone 5, the screw consists of a barrier section 7 and a decompression section 8. In the dosing zone 6, the screw is made of two conical 9 and mixing 10 sections in series. In FIG. 2 shows a mixing section 10 with a turn of an oval-shaped blade 11, the upper part of which has a five-stage recess 12, while the inlet channel 13 is formed between the housing and the inner part of the screw, the outlet channel 14 is formed between its outer part and the housing, contains a gap 15 between the highest part of a five-stage recess and a body. The removal of volatile compounds contained in the waste occurs through the hole 16.

An extruder for processing dissimilar secondary polymeric and building materials operates as follows (Fig. 1).

Various polymeric materials (primary, secondary, dyes and other fillers) and building materials waste are fed by separate dispensers into the gripper 2, are captured by the screw 3, which rotates in the housing 1, are transported in solid form, mixed, and compacted in the feeding zone 4, then in the compression zone 5 in the barrier section 7, the complete melting of the polymer mixture occurs, in the decompression section of the secondary polymer melt 8 of the compression zone 5, the volatile compounds contained in the waste are removed, through the hole 16, the conical section 9 of the dosing zone 6 determines the pressure and productivity that develops the extruder, the mixing section 10 of the dispensing zone 6 with a turn of the oval-shaped blade 11, the upper part of which has a five-stage recess 12, ensures uniform mixing of the components in the molten form. The mixture of polymer and building materials passes from the low shear inlet channel 13 to the high shear outlet channel 14 through the gap between the coil and the body 15. The presence of a barrier section 7 and a decompression section 8 in the compression zone 5 ensures pressure stabilization and extruder performance.

Example. With the depth of the auger flight channel in the feed zone of 20 mm and the width of the flight crest of 8 mm, the five-stage recess has a height equal to half the depth of the flight channel, and a width equal to the width of the flight crest.

In the process of processing waste building and polymeric materials with the creation of new composite products, for example, based on film products using the extrusion extrusion method in the mixing section 10, due to the use of turns of the blade 11, the upper part of which has a five-stage recess, 20% uniformity of mixing of large fractions of multilayer secondary polymeric and building materials and 25% homogeneity mixing of fine fractions of multilayer secondary polymeric materials and sawdust having a particle size of 200 microns. The turns of the blade 11 have an oval shape, the upper part of which has a five-stage recess, the semicircular steps of which are located at an equal distance from each other, while the recess has a depth equal to half the height of the comb of the coil of the mixing section of the screw and a width equal to the width of the crest of the coil, the inlet channel is formed between body and the inner part of the screw, the outlet channel is formed between its outer part and the body, contains a gap between the highest part of the five-stage recess and the body. At less than five stages of recess 12, uniform mixing of secondary polymeric materials based on film products, the particle size of which is 1.5-3 mm, is not ensured and excess pressure is created in the feed zone, which prevents the mixture from moving, and at more than five stages 12, uniform mixing is not ensured. mixing fine fractions of a multilayer polymeric material with a particle size of 3-5 mm and sawdust with a particle size of 200 microns. The use of turns of the blade 11 of an oval shape, the upper part of which has a five-stage recess, provides high-quality mixing of waste based on film products and building materials by creating an additional pressure difference between the blades and the housing.

The use of the claimed extruder in the processing of heterogeneous secondary polymer and building mixtures allows you to combine preparatory operations (filling, mixing, granulating, pressing) and the operation of obtaining new high-quality products by extrusion due to the use in the dosing zone of sequentially located conical and mixing sections with a special design of the blades.

Claims (1)

An extruder for processing heterogeneous secondary polymeric and building materials, including a body consisting of a feed zone, a compression zone, a dosing zone, a gripping device, a prefabricated screw, in the feed zone the screw is made in the form of a conical section, in the compression zone the screw is made of two successively located barrier section and decompression section, characterized in that the screw in the dosing zone is made of two sequentially located conical and mixing sections, made with an oval-shaped blade coil, the upper part of which has a five-stage recess, the semicircular steps of which are located at an equal distance from each other, in this case, the recess has a depth equal to half the height of the ridge of the turn of the mixing section of the screw, and a width equal to the width of the ridge of the turn, the inlet channel is formed between the body and the inner part of the screw, the outlet channel is formed between its outer part and the body, contains a gap between the highest part of the five-stage that recess and body.

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