RU2018145528A - Сополимер и его применение для уменьшения кристаллизации кристаллов парафинов в топливах - Google Patents

Сополимер и его применение для уменьшения кристаллизации кристаллов парафинов в топливах Download PDF

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RU2018145528A
RU2018145528A RU2018145528A RU2018145528A RU2018145528A RU 2018145528 A RU2018145528 A RU 2018145528A RU 2018145528 A RU2018145528 A RU 2018145528A RU 2018145528 A RU2018145528 A RU 2018145528A RU 2018145528 A RU2018145528 A RU 2018145528A
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copolymer according
acid
copolymer
dialkylamine
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RU2018145528A
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RU2742483C2 (ru
RU2018145528A3 (ru
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Ирене ТРЕТШ-ШАЛЛЕР
Иветте ГАРСИА КАСТРО
Михаэль ШРЁРС
Уве РЕБХОЛЬЦ
Дитер ФАУЛЬ
Анке ОСВАЛЬД
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Басф Се
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Claims (21)

1. Сополимер, получаемый путем сополимеризации
(A) по меньшей мере одной ненасыщенной дикарбоновой кислоты или ее производного,
(B) по меньшей мере одного α-олефина, имеющего по меньшей мере от 6 до 20 атомов углерода включительно,
(C) при необходимости по меньшей мере одного сложного, имеющего от 3 до 20 атомов углерода в алкиле, алкилового эфира акриловой кислоты или метакриловой кислоты или смеси таких сложных алкиловых эфиров и
(D) при необходимости одного или нескольких других способных к сополимеризации мономеров, которые отличаются от мономеров (А), (В) и (С),
с молярным соотношением включения (А): (В): (С): (D), составляющим 1: от 0,5 до 2,0: от 0 до менее чем 0,5: от 0 до 0,1,
с последующим взаимодействием с по меньшей мере одним диалкиламином (Е), причем оба алкильных остатка по меньшей мере одного диалкиламина (Е) независимо друг от друга представляют собой алкильные остатки, имеющие по меньшей мере от 17 до 30 атомов углерода.
2. Сополимер по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что мономер (А) выбирают из группы, состоящей из малеиновой кислоты, фумаровой кислоты, 2-метилмалеиновой кислоты, 2,3-диметилмалеиновой кислоты, 2-метилфумаровой кислоты, 2,3-диметилфумаровой кислоты, метиленмалоновой кислоты и тетрагидрофталевой кислоты и их производных.
3. Сополимер по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что мономер (В) выбирают из группы, состоящей из 1-гексена, 1-гептена, 1-октена, 1-нонена, 1-децена, 1-ундецена, 1-додецена, 1-тридецена, 1-тетрадецена, 1-пентадецена, 1-гексадецена, 1-гептадецен 1-октадецена, 1-нонадецена и 1-эйкозена.
4. Сополимер по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что мономер (С) выбирают из группы, состоящей из сложных эфиров акриловой и метакриловой кислоты с н-пропанолом, изопропанолом, н-бутанолом, вторбутанолом, изобутанолом, третбутанолом, н-пентанолом, третпентанолом, н-гексанолом, н-гептанолом, н-октанолом, 2-этилгексанолом, н-нонанолом, изононанолом, н-деканолом, 2-пропилгептанолом, н-ундеканолом, изоундеканолом, н-додеканолом, н-тридеканолом, изотридеканол, 3,3,5,5,7-пентаметилоктанолом, н-тетрадеканолом, н-пентадеканолом, н-гексадеканолом, н-гептадеканолом, изогептадеканолом, 3,3,5,5,7,7,9-гептаметилдеканолом, н-октадеканолом и н-эйкозанолом.
5. Сополимер по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что имеющийся необязательно мономер (D) выбирают из группы, состоящей из циклоалифатических (мет)акрилатов (D1), (мет)акрилатов простых полиалкиленгликольмоноалкиловых эфиров (D2), винилалканоатов (D3), аллильных соединений (D4), простых виниловых эфиров (D5), N-виниллактамов (D6), N-винилимидазолов (D7), ненасыщенных по этиленовому типу ароматических соединений (D8), диоксида серы (D9), ненасыщенных по этиленовому типу нитрилов (D10) и сложных эфиров акриловой кислоты или метакриловой кислоты, которые содержат по меньшей мере одну ароматическую циклическую систему (D11).
6. Сополимер по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что мономеры во включенной в полимер форме имеют молярное соотношение включения (А): (В): (С): (D), составляющее 1: от 0,6 до 1,5: от более 0 до менее чем 0,5: от 0 до 0,05.
7. Сополимер по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что в случае диалкиламина (Е) речь идет о ди-н-октадециламине, ди-н-нонадециламине или ди-н-эйкозиламине.
8. Сополимер по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что молярное соотношение диалкиламина (Е) в пересчете на включенные структурные единицы дикарбоновой кислоты (А) в сополимере составляет по меньшей мере 1,2:1 и вплоть до 2,0:1.
9. Сополимер по одному из пп. 1-5, отличающийся тем, что мономеры во включенной в полимер форме имеют молярное соотношение включения (А): (В): (С): (D), составляющее 1: от 0,6 до 1,5:0: от 0 до 0,05, при условии, что сумма из среднего статистического числа атомов углерода в мономере (В) и среднего статистического числа атомов углерода алкильных остатков в диалкиламине (Е) составляет по меньшей мере 30.
10. Сополимер по п. 9, отличающийся тем, что молярное соотношение диалкиламина (Е) в пересчете на включенные структурные единицы дикарбоновой кислоты (А) в сополимере предпочтительно составляет от 1,1:1 до 1,9:1.
11. Сополимер по п. 1, имеющий среднемассовую молекулярную массу (Mw) от 2000 до 20000 (определенную с помощью гельпроникающей хроматографии).
12. Сополимер, получаемый путем полимеризации в растворителе, эмульсионной полимеризации, полимеризации с осаждением или полимеризации в массе вещества при температурах полимеризации от 50 до 250°С в устройствах, работающих в непрерывном или периодическом режимах, причем сополимер предсталяет сополимер по одному из пп. 1-11.
13. Применение сополимера по одному из пп. 1-11 для уменьшения кристаллизации кристаллов парафина в топливах.
14. Применение сополимера по одному из пп. 1-11 для улучшения характеристик холодной текучести нефтяных топлив и для улучшения фильтруемости нефтяных топлив, содержащих добавки для улучшения холодной текучести.
15. Нефтяное топливо, содержащее от 10 до 5000 массовых частей на млн по меньшей мере одного сополимера по одному из пп. 1-11 и дополнительно при необходимости другие добавки, выбранные из группы, состоящей из улучшителей холодной текучести, диспергаторов парафинов, улучшителей проводимости, противокоррозионных добавок, смазывающих добавок, антиоксидантов, деактиваторов металлов, антипенных присадок, деэмульгаторов, детергентов, улучшителей цетанового числа, растворителей или разбавителей, красителей и отдушек.
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