RU2016138793A - Каталитическая установка - Google Patents

Каталитическая установка Download PDF

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RU2016138793A
RU2016138793A RU2016138793A RU2016138793A RU2016138793A RU 2016138793 A RU2016138793 A RU 2016138793A RU 2016138793 A RU2016138793 A RU 2016138793A RU 2016138793 A RU2016138793 A RU 2016138793A RU 2016138793 A RU2016138793 A RU 2016138793A
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catalyst
installation according
structured
catalytic
catalytic installation
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RU2016138793A
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RU2016138793A3 (ru
RU2673839C2 (ru
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Питер Уилльям Фарнелл
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Джонсон Мэтти Паблик Лимитед Компани
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Claims (32)

1. Каталитическая установка, расположенная в вертикальной реакционной трубке, содержащая структурированный катализатор в верхней части реакционной трубки, зернистый катализатор под структурированным катализатором в нижней части реакционной трубки и устройство носителя катализатора, расположенное между структурированным катализатором и зернистым катализатором, причем устройство носителя катализатора содержит цилиндрическое тело, имеющее первый конец, адаптированный для соединения со структурированным катализатором, и второй конец, причем цилиндрическое тело обладает диаметром, составляющим 70-90% от внутреннего диаметра трубки, и соотношением длина/диаметр в диапазоне 0,5-2,5.
2. Каталитическая установка по п. 1, в которой структурированный катализатор содержит катализатор, нанесенный на структуру или содержащийся в ней.
3. Каталитическая установка по п. 1, в которой первый конец содержит стержень, штыри или другие фиксирующие выступы, который подходят к соответствующим отверстиям в структурированном катализаторе.
4. Каталитическая установка по п. 1, в которой устройство носителя катализатора имеет 2 или более периферийных проушин или петель, расположенных с равными интервалами вокруг внешней поверхности тела для размещения цилиндрического тела центрально внутри трубки, с зазором.
5. Каталитическая установка по п. 4, в которой проушины или петли направляют поток газа между устройством и внутренней стенкой трубки.
6. Каталитическая установка по п. 1, в которой внешняя поверхность цилиндра включает в себя один или более желобков для направления потока газа между устройством и внутренней стенкой трубки вертикально или под углом к центральной оси трубки.
7. Каталитическая установка по п. 1, в которой цилиндрическое тело содержит множество отверстий в первом конце, ведущих к трубопроводам через устройство носителя катализатора, которые открываются на внешней поверхности цилиндра в одной или более точек вдоль его длины, и/или во второй конец.
8. Каталитическая установка по п. 1, в которой цилиндрическое тело включает в себя резервуар с зернистым катализатором.
9. Каталитическая установка по п. 8, в которой второй конец цилиндра содержит термически разлагаемый материал, который перед или в ходе запуска реакционной трубки разлагается под действием нагрева, для обеспечения отверстия во втором конце, через которое может проходить зернистый катализатор.
10. Каталитическая установка по п. 9, в которой второй конец цилиндрического тела закрыт тонкой мембраной, выбранной из полипропилена или картона.
11. Каталитическая установка по п. 8, в которой длина цилиндра, по меньшей мере, в 5-10 раз превышает размер частиц зернистого катализатора.
12. Каталитическая установка по п. 1, в которой структурированный катализатор выполнен с возможностью свободно спускаться по трубке.
13. Каталитическая установка по по п.1, в которой соотношение структурированных катализаторов к зернистым катализаторам находится в диапазоне 1:9-9:1.
14. Каталитическая установка по п. 1, в которой каталитическая установка содержит структурированный катализатор парового риформинга и зернистый катализатор парового риформинга, а вертикальная реакционная трубка расположена в каталитическом паровом риформере.
15. Каталитическая установка по п. 14, в которой паровой риформер представляет собой паровой риформер с верхним обогревом или паровой риформер с боковым обогревом, в которой горячий газ обеспечивают за счет сжигания топливного газа, с использованием множества горелок, расположенных на верхнем конце, либо вдоль длины трубок.
16. Каталитическая установка по п. 14, в которой паровой риформер представляет собой риформер с газовым подогревом (gas-heated reformer, GHR), в которой горячий газ обеспечивают за счет топочного газа, поступающего от процесса сгорания, или он представляет собой газ, генерируемый за счет каталитического или некаталитического частичного окисления углеводорода, или за счет автотермического риформинга углеводорода и/или переработанной газовой смеси.
17. Каталитическая установка по п.14, в которой трубки имеют круглое поперечное сечение и длину 5-15 м и внутренний диаметр в диапазоне 5-30 см.
18. Каталитическая установка по п.14, в которой зернистый катализатор парового риформинга образован из огнеупорного материала подложки, имеющий вкрапления никеля, благородного металла, или их смесей.
19. Каталитическая установка по п.14, в которой зернистый катализатор парового риформинга содержит цилиндрические пеллеты с одним или более сквозными отверстиями, с диаметром в диапазоне 3-50 мм и соотношением длина/диаметр в диапазоне 0,5-2,0.
20. Каталитическая установка по п.14, в которой структурированный катализатор парового риформинга представляет собой катализатор парового риформинга, нанесенный на структуру.
21. Каталитическая установка по п. 20, в которой структурированный катализатор парового риформинга содержит металлические или керамические формованные блоки, на которые протравной грунтовкой нанесен слой катализатора парового риформинга.
22. Каталитическая установка по п. 20, в которой структурированный катализатор присутствует в форме одного или более цилиндрических блоков с диаметром, сопряженным с трубками, в которые они помещены, который содержит перфорации и/или сфальцованные вклейки и/или петли, которые заставляют технологическую текучую среду протекать, как в аксиальном, так и в радиальном направлении, по мере прохождения через блоки.
23. Каталитическая установка по п.14, в которой структурированный катализатор парового риформинга представляет собой катализатор парового риформинга, содержащийся в структуре.
24. Каталитическая установка по п. 23, в которой структура, в которой содержится катализатор парового риформинга, содержит отдельные контейнеры, чашки или баки катализатора, которые включают в себя проходы, через которые технологическая текучая среда может проходить в упорядоченных, не случайных направлениях.
25. Каталитическая установка по п. 23, в которой катализатор, содержащийся в структуре, присутствует в форме частиц катализатора, катализируемого металла или пенокерамики или сотовидных структур катализируемого металла или керамики.
26. Каталитическая установка по п.23, в которой катализатор парового риформинга содержит никель, или благородный металл, или их смесь на огнеупорном оксиде.
27. Способ осуществления реакции в вертикальной реакционной трубке, содержащий этапы (i), на которых
пропускают сырьевую газовую смесь через реакционную трубку, расположенную в реакторе, и
(ii) извлекают прореагировавшую газовую смесь из реакционной трубки, причем каталитическая установка расположена в реакционной трубке, установка содержит структурированный катализатор в верхней части реакционной трубки, зернистый катализатор под структурированным катализатором в нижней части реакционной трубки, а устройство носителя катализатора расположено между структурированным катализатором и зернистым катализатором, причем устройство носителя катализатора содержит цилиндрическое тело, имеющее первый конец, адаптированный для соединения со структурированным катализатором, и второй конец, причем цилиндрическое тело обладает диаметром, составляющим 70-90% от внутреннего диаметра трубки, и соотношением длина/диаметр в диапазоне 0,5-2,5.
28. Способ по п. 27, содержащий этапы (i) пропускания сырьевой газовой смеси, содержащей углеводород и пар, через множество вертикальных трубок с наружным обогревом, расположенных в паровом риформере, и (ii) извлечения переработанной газовой смеси из трубки, причем каталитическая установка расположена внутри трубок, упомянутая установка содержит структурированный катализатор парового риформинга в верхней части реакционной трубки, зернистый катализатор парового риформинга под упомянутым структурированным катализатором в нижней части упомянутой реакционной трубки, и устройство носителя катализатора расположено между структурированным катализатором и зернистым катализатором, причем устройство носителя катализатора содержит цилиндрическое тело, имеющее первый конец, адаптированный для соединения со структурированным катализатором, и второй конец, причем цилиндрическое тело обладает диаметром, составляющим 70-90% от внутреннего диаметра трубки, и соотношением длина/диаметр в диапазоне 0,5-2,5.
29. Способ по п. 28, в котором модифицированный по плотности входной массовый расход смеси, подаваемой на покрытую катализатором структурированную упаковку, находится в диапазоне 5-30 кг/м2с.
30. Каталитическая установка по п. 1, в которой соотношение структурированных катализаторов к зернистым катализаторам находится в диапазоне 1:3-2:1.
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JP6606091B2 (ja) 2019-11-13
KR102303383B1 (ko) 2021-09-23
US9975767B2 (en) 2018-05-22
GB2525285B (en) 2018-02-07

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