RU2005134210A - Формованное изделие из целлюлозы с функциональным дейтвием и способ его получения - Google Patents
Формованное изделие из целлюлозы с функциональным дейтвием и способ его получения Download PDFInfo
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- RU2005134210A RU2005134210A RU2005134210/04A RU2005134210A RU2005134210A RU 2005134210 A RU2005134210 A RU 2005134210A RU 2005134210/04 A RU2005134210/04 A RU 2005134210/04A RU 2005134210 A RU2005134210 A RU 2005134210A RU 2005134210 A RU2005134210 A RU 2005134210A
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- Prior art keywords
- fibers
- cellulose
- metal ions
- molded product
- active substances
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- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 title claims 6
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 title claims 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract 12
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract 11
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 8
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 3
- -1 cationic ion Chemical class 0.000 claims 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims 1
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims 1
- BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenylcyclopentane Chemical compound C=CC1CCCC1 BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013580 sausages Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000010199 sorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229940075582 sorbic acid Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/46—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table; Titanates; Zirconates; Stannates; Plumbates
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
- D01F1/103—Agents inhibiting growth of microorganisms
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/38—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
- D06M11/42—Oxides or hydroxides of copper, silver or gold
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/44—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 2 or 12 of the Periodic Table; Zincates; Cadmates
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
- D06M13/184—Carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
- D06M13/188—Monocarboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/263—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
- D21H11/16—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only modified by a particular after-treatment
- D21H11/20—Chemically or biochemically modified fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/36—Biocidal agents, e.g. fungicidal, bactericidal, insecticidal agents
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2904—Staple length fiber
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2904—Staple length fiber
- Y10T428/2905—Plural and with bonded intersections only
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
- Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
Claims (13)
1. Способ получения формованного изделия из целлюлозы с функциональным действием способом сухой и мокрой экструзии, отличающийся тем, что целлюлозные волокна или пленки, включающие, по меньшей мере, один присоединенный, слабосшитый катионактивный ионообменник, нагружают бактерицидно действующими ионами металлов и/или ионными фармацевтическими активными веществами таким образом, что создается депо этих активных веществ в волокнах, и оно при использовании этих волокон и пленок в водных растворах вновь выделяет активные вещества в течение периода времени на уровне соответствующей равновесной концентрации.
2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что слабосшитый катионактивный ионообменник представляет собой полиакрилат.
3. Способ по п.1 или 2, отличающийся тем, что в качестве ионов металла используют ионы серебра.
4. Способ по п.3, отличающийся тем, что в качестве ионов металла используют другие бактерицидно действующие ионы металла, в особенности ионы меди, ртути, циркония или цинка.
5. Способ по п.1 или 2, отличающийся тем, что ионные фармацевтические активные вещества представляют собой анионактивные вещества, в особенности бензойную или сорбиновую кислоту.
6. Способ по п.1 или 2, отличающийся тем, что концентрация активного вещества находится в области от 0,005 до >100 г активного вещества/кг формованного изделия или профиля.
7. Способ по п.1 или 2, отличающийся тем, что волокна, нагруженные активным веществом, смешивают с текстильными волокнами и перерабатывают до получения готового изделия.
8. Способ по п.7, отличающийся тем, что текстильные волокна выбраны из группы, включающей хлопок, шерсть, полиэфирные волокна, полиамидные волокна, полиакриловые волокна, полипропиленовые волокна и регенерированные целлюлозные волокна.
9. Способ по п.1 или 2, отличающийся тем, что формованное изделие или профиль из целлюлозы дополнительно содержит катионактивный и/или анионактивный ионообменник.
10. Формованное изделие или профиль из целлюлозы с функциональным действием, отличающееся тем, что оно включает слабосшитый катионактивный ионообменник, причем ионообменник нагружен бактерицидно действующими ионами металлов и/или ионными фармацевтическими активными веществами, и далее формованное изделие или профиль в водных растворах выделяет ионы металлов и/или активные вещества в течение периода времени на уровне соответствующей равновесной концентрации.
11. Формованное изделие или профиль из целлюлозы по п.9, отличающееся тем, что ионы металла, по меньшей мере, частично являются ионами серебра.
12. Материал, содержащий, по меньшей мере, часть формованного изделия или профиля из целлюлозы по одному из пп.10-11.
13. Материал по п.12, отличающийся тем, что подложкой является бумага, колбасная оболочка или нетканый материал.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10315749.2 | 2003-04-04 | ||
DE10315749A DE10315749A1 (de) | 2003-04-04 | 2003-04-04 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von cellulosischen Formkörpern mit funktionaler Wirkung |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
RU2005134210A true RU2005134210A (ru) | 2006-05-10 |
RU2340710C2 RU2340710C2 (ru) | 2008-12-10 |
Family
ID=32981104
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
RU2005134210/04A RU2340710C2 (ru) | 2003-04-04 | 2004-04-01 | Формованное изделие из целлюлозы с функциональным действием и способ его получения |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20060283567A1 (ru) |
EP (1) | EP1611272B1 (ru) |
JP (1) | JP2006522232A (ru) |
CN (1) | CN100545325C (ru) |
AT (1) | ATE440981T1 (ru) |
DE (2) | DE10315749A1 (ru) |
PL (1) | PL1611272T3 (ru) |
RU (1) | RU2340710C2 (ru) |
WO (1) | WO2004088009A1 (ru) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2472892C1 (ru) * | 2011-10-13 | 2013-01-20 | Леонид Асхатович Мазитов | Способ получения бактерицидной бумаги |
RU2485225C2 (ru) * | 2007-11-14 | 2013-06-20 | Осттюрингише Материальпрюфгезелльшафт Фюр Текстиль Унд Кунстштоффе Мбх | Способ получения целлюлозных формованных изделий, целлюлозное формованное изделие и его применение |
Families Citing this family (9)
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DE102006056977B3 (de) * | 2006-11-30 | 2008-05-08 | Smart Fiber Ag | Verwendung eines textilen mikrobioziden Speichers |
DE102007012972B4 (de) * | 2007-03-14 | 2010-09-02 | Smart Fiber Ag | Vorrichtung zur bioziden Behandlung von Wäsche |
DE102007019768A1 (de) * | 2007-04-25 | 2008-11-13 | Thüringisches Institut für Textil- und Kunststoff-Forschung e.V. | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer bioaktiven Cellulosefaser mit hohem Weißgrad |
DE102009010968A1 (de) | 2009-02-27 | 2010-09-02 | Flockfaser GmbH Thüringen | Antibakteriell aktive Flockfasern |
CN102220730B (zh) * | 2011-04-13 | 2013-08-28 | 成都印钞有限公司 | 钞票用银锌磷酸锆复合抗菌剂及其制备方法 |
GB2511528A (en) | 2013-03-06 | 2014-09-10 | Speciality Fibres And Materials Ltd | Absorbent materials |
CN104389245B (zh) * | 2014-09-29 | 2016-02-17 | 吉特利环保科技(厦门)有限公司 | 一种纳米银抗菌纤维餐具的制备工艺 |
CN105200844A (zh) * | 2015-08-21 | 2015-12-30 | 西南石油大学 | 一种抗菌消毒薄页纸的制备方法 |
DE102022109459A1 (de) | 2021-04-21 | 2022-10-27 | Smartpolymer Gmbh | Waschpermanente bioaktive Cellulosefaser mit antibakteriellen und antiviralen Eigenschaften |
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2003
- 2003-04-04 DE DE10315749A patent/DE10315749A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-04-01 CN CNB2004800091522A patent/CN100545325C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-01 AT AT04725036T patent/ATE440981T1/de active
- 2004-04-01 EP EP04725036A patent/EP1611272B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-01 WO PCT/EP2004/003466 patent/WO2004088009A1/de active Application Filing
- 2004-04-01 JP JP2006504948A patent/JP2006522232A/ja active Pending
- 2004-04-01 PL PL04725036T patent/PL1611272T3/pl unknown
- 2004-04-01 US US10/552,086 patent/US20060283567A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-04-01 RU RU2005134210/04A patent/RU2340710C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-04-01 DE DE502004009966T patent/DE502004009966D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2485225C2 (ru) * | 2007-11-14 | 2013-06-20 | Осттюрингише Материальпрюфгезелльшафт Фюр Текстиль Унд Кунстштоффе Мбх | Способ получения целлюлозных формованных изделий, целлюлозное формованное изделие и его применение |
RU2472892C1 (ru) * | 2011-10-13 | 2013-01-20 | Леонид Асхатович Мазитов | Способ получения бактерицидной бумаги |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20060283567A1 (en) | 2006-12-21 |
EP1611272A1 (de) | 2006-01-04 |
RU2340710C2 (ru) | 2008-12-10 |
JP2006522232A (ja) | 2006-09-28 |
DE10315749A1 (de) | 2004-10-14 |
WO2004088009A1 (de) | 2004-10-14 |
PL1611272T3 (pl) | 2009-12-31 |
CN100545325C (zh) | 2009-09-30 |
DE502004009966D1 (de) | 2009-10-08 |
CN1816651A (zh) | 2006-08-09 |
EP1611272B1 (de) | 2009-08-26 |
ATE440981T1 (de) | 2009-09-15 |
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