RU102540U1 - VERTICAL HAMMER MILL - Google Patents

Abstract

 1. A vertical hammer mill, comprising a housing with a lined inner surface, in which a vertical rotor is placed with hammers fixed on its shaft along a helical line, characterized in that the vertical rotor is made in the form of a truncated cone made up of a set of discs with a large base pointing downward, and the hammers placed between the disks are located on the rotor along the descending path of the four-starting screw, and the pitch of each of the helical lines corresponds to a value of at least four thicknesses in the hammer, while the hammers in each subsequent row are located opposite the gaps between them in the previous row, and the gap between the hammers does not exceed the own width of the hammer. ! 2. The vertical hammer mill according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner surface of the housing is lined with toothed fenders armor plates.

Description

The utility model is intended for grinding various materials, and can be used in the construction, mining, chemical and other industries, mainly for grinding dry bulk materials.

Known crusher containing a receiving and distribution chamber with upper and lower support plates having discharge and loading holes, sequentially located on the vertical shaft of the grinding stage, each of which contains an accelerating disk, a sloping board, a jack deck and a through sieve. On the upper base plate of the stage of preliminary grinding of raw materials, made in the form of a conical drum placed in a cylindrical casing on a vertical shaft, on the outer surface of which there are rows of articulated beaters in the form of rectangular plates, and a glass in which the shaft supports are located inside the conical drum the cylindrical casing is made with baffle plates with a corrugated surface fixed on its inner surface (RF patent No. 2079363, IPC. V02C 13/14, 1997)

The disadvantage of this crusher is the low efficiency of the grinding process in the pre-grinding chamber.

Also known is the design of the mill, consisting of a loading hopper with a mechanism for regulating the supply of feedstock, an axial fan with air ducts and a working chamber, which consists of a cylindrical body protected on the inner surface by fenders with corrugated surface, lower and upper base plates with loading and unloading holes , a conical drum mounted on a vertical shaft, on the outer surface of which several rows of articulated beats are installed (RF patent No. 211 6131, IPC В02С 14/14, 1998).

The disadvantage of this design is also the low efficiency of the grinding process.

The closest in essence and the achieved result technical solution (prototype) is a crusher containing a housing, a vertical rotor with hammers pivotally mounted on it, a perforated shell. Hollow sectors are fixed on a vertical rotor shaft along a helix, consisting of two parallel plates with cutting edges connected to a jumper. Hammers are fixed between adjacent hollow sectors. The source material is crushed by the cutting edges of the parallel plates of the hollow sectors, by the impact of the bridge and hammers. (Aut. St. No. 1344406, IPC В02С 13/14, 1987)

The disadvantage of this design is also the low efficiency of the grinding process.

This is due to the fact that pieces of the starting material can fly over the crushing zone, and also the material thrown away by centrifugal forces to the periphery of the rotor does not have the opportunity to re-enter the center, the axis, i.e. into the zone of maximum grinding efficiency.

The utility model is aimed at solving the problem of increasing the efficiency of the grinding process.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in a hammer mill containing a cylindrical body, loading and unloading nozzles, a vertical rotor with hammers fixed to the rotor shaft in a helix; the vertical rotor is made in the form of a truncated cone made up of a set of disks, with a large base pointing downward, and the hammers on the rotor shaft are located between the disks along the descending path of the four-way screw. In each of the subsequent rows, hammers are placed opposite the gaps between the hammers in the previous row, while the gap between them does not exceed the hammer's own width; the inner surface of the body is lined with fenders armored plates with a toothed working surface.

The essence of the utility model consists in the fact that the hammers located on the rotor axis along the downward path of the four-helical screw, when the rotor rotates, form four spiral-annular flows directed to the base, which contribute to the exit of the mill chamber of sufficiently ground material particles, avoiding its grinding and at the same time, particles of unrefined raw materials continue to be crushed. The material in the working chamber of the mill, in addition to being destroyed by hammers (particles of material hit the hammers and the toothed working surface of the fenders), is also crushed by abrasion, because the spiral-circular flows formed by hammers contribute to a change in the trajectory of movement of the material being destroyed in the working chamber (particles of the material being crushed are additionally abraded from contact with gear armored plates and from interaction with each other). And since the rotor has the shape of a truncated cone, with the large base pointing downward, the crushed material does not have the ability to freely leave the working chamber, and the particle size of the finished product does not exceed a predetermined value - the size of the gap between the lower rotor disk and the fencing armor plate.

The invention is illustrated graphic materials, where

figure 1 - shows a vertical hammer mill, a longitudinal section;

figure 2 - shows a vertical rotor with a schematic arrangement of hammers on it;

The mill consists of a vertical cylindrical housing 1, the inner working surface of which is protected by gear fenders 2. The upper cover 3 of the housing has a loading hole 4, and in the center of the upper cover there is a bearing assembly 5. In the lower part of the housing 1 in the hub 6, the bearing assembly 7 is placed Bearing units 5 and 7 are aligned. They have a vertical shaft 8 installed, at the lower end of which a pulley 9 is connected, connected by a gear 10 with a pulley 11 mounted on the shaft of the electric motor 12. (Fig. 1)

The rotor 13 is a disk 14 mounted on a vertical shaft 8 of different diameters. Disks are located "from larger to smaller", starting from the bottom of the shaft 8 and form a truncated cone. Between the disks 14, hammers 15 are tiered (Fig. 1). On each tier four hammers are installed, which are displaced on each of the subsequent tiers, forming rows of helical lines. The hammers are located along the path of the four-way screw because maximum productivity is thus achieved. If the hammers are located, for example, along the path of the three-way screw, then productivity will decrease, because hammer impact will not be enough and the raw materials will not be crushed intensively enough. If the hammers are located along the path of the five-way screw, then the raw material will be prone to regrinding, as a result of which the productivity and grinding efficiency will also be reduced.

The step size "S" of each helix is at least four thicknesses of the hammer "b" (S≥4b) (figure 2).

The pitch of each of the helix lines must correspond to a value of at least four hammer thicknesses. If the step is less than the prescribed value, then the rows of helical lines will creep onto each other, as a result, the desired effect will not be achieved, and therefore the grinding efficiency will be reduced in the mill.

The hammers in each of the subsequent rows are located opposite the gaps "a" between the hammers in the previous row (to protect the rotor from jamming), and the gap between them does not exceed the width of the hammer - "c" (a≤c) (figure 2). If this gap is not present, then the material will clog the working chamber, which will contribute to jamming of the rotor.

The gap "X" between the lower disk 14 on the rotor and the lower part of the armor plate 2 is configured for a certain particle size of the finished product. In this case, the gap "Y" between the upper rotor disk and the upper part of the armor plate is set to the maximum size of the particles supplied through the loading device to the raw material mill (Fig. 1).

Under the grinding zone is the discharge pipe 16. The whole mill structure is mounted on the frame 17 and is a compact unit for grinding various materials.

Vertical hammer mill operates as follows.

The rotor 13 is driven by coupling a belt drive from the electric motor 12. The material to be crushed enters the mill body 1 through the loading device 4. Once in the upper part of the grinding chamber, the material begins to collapse under the impact loads of hammers 15 fixed to the rotor 13, in addition , particles of the crushed raw materials hit the toothed inner surface of the grinding chamber, as well as from collisions with each other, which enhances the grinding efficiency and accelerates the grinding process Niya.

The hammers 15 on the rotor 13 are located along the descending trajectory of the four-start screw and, when the rotor rotates with hammers, four spiral-annular flows are formed, which contribute to the exit of the mill sufficiently ground material, avoiding its regrinding and, at the same time, continue to grind particles of insufficiently ground raw materials. In addition, the spiral-circular flows formed by the hammers 15 contribute to a change in the trajectory of the material to be destroyed in the working chamber and the raw materials, moving after the stream formed by the rotation of the rotor 13, are further destroyed by abrasion when they collide with each other and from contact with the armored plate. Gradually, step by step, grinding, the raw material passes through the grinding chamber and leaves the mill through the discharge device 16.

The gap "X" between the last disk 14 of the rotor and the armor plate 2, tuned to a certain fineness of grinding the raw material, passes particles of the material crushed to the required degree, and exceeding the desired particle size continues to be crushed.

Thus, the rotor, having the shape of a truncated cone with a large base at the bottom, does not allow the possibility of unhindered exit from the working chamber (i.e., particles do not fly through the grinding chamber). The material is intensively crushed and, gradually (stepwise) collapsing, due to the proposed placement of hammers (along the line of the four-screw), it leaves the working chamber. Moreover, the grinding process is intensive and efficient, and the material is not subjected to overgrinding.

Thus, the task is solved.

Claims (2)

1. A vertical hammer mill, comprising a housing with a lined inner surface, in which a vertical rotor is placed with hammers fixed on its shaft along a helical line, characterized in that the vertical rotor is made in the form of a truncated cone made up of a set of discs with a large base pointing downward, and the hammers placed between the disks are located on the rotor along the downward path of the four-starting screw, and the pitch of each of the helical lines corresponds to a value of at least four thicknesses in the hammer, while the hammers in each subsequent row are located opposite the gaps between them in the previous row, and the gap between the hammers does not exceed the own width of the hammer. 2. The vertical hammer mill according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner surface of the housing is lined with toothed fenders armor plates.