PT91859B - Processo para a preparacao de oleos lubrificantes contendo um ou mais polimeros para motores a dois tempos - Google Patents

Processo para a preparacao de oleos lubrificantes contendo um ou mais polimeros para motores a dois tempos Download PDF

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Publication number
PT91859B
PT91859B PT91859A PT9185989A PT91859B PT 91859 B PT91859 B PT 91859B PT 91859 A PT91859 A PT 91859A PT 9185989 A PT9185989 A PT 9185989A PT 91859 B PT91859 B PT 91859B
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Prior art keywords
weight
kinematic viscosity
polymers
lubricating oil
measured
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PT91859A
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English (en)
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PT91859A (pt
Inventor
Tomomi Miyaji
Masahiko Kido
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Idemitsu Kosan Co
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Publication of PT91859A publication Critical patent/PT91859A/pt
Publication of PT91859B publication Critical patent/PT91859B/pt

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02B77/00Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
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Description

IDEMITSU KOSAN CO.
PROCESSO PARA A PREPARAÇAO DE OLEOS LUBRIFICANTES
CONTENDO UM OU MAIS POLIMEROS PARA MOTORES A DOIS TEMPOS
ANTECEDENTES DA INVENÇÃO
a) Domínio da invenção
A presente invenção diz respeito a uma composição lubrificante para motores a dois tempos que se distingue pelas suas propriedades de limpeza e anti-gripagem.
b) Descrição do estado da técnica sistema de lubrificação dos motores a dois tempos podem classificar-se em dois tipos: lubrificação pelo método da mistura, por meio do qual se introduz no motor uma mistura de combustível e de óleo lubrificante, e sistema de lubrificação sepa rado, por meio do qual se introduz no motor o óleo lubrificante contido num depósito separado do depósito do combustível, utili zando uma bomba de óleo. Em qualquer dos casos, o óleo lubrificante é introduzido no motor e queimado após a lubrificação com pleta. Assim, é necessário que o óleo lubrificante para motores a dois tempos possua propriedades anti-gripagem e de limpeza e
que se queime sem gerar fumos de escape.
Como composições de óleos lubrificantes, para motores a dois tempos, conhecem-se as que contêm como componente principal uma mistura de um óleo mineral ou um polibuteno com componentes, tal como o petróleo iluminante Z*ver por exemplo, o pedido de patente de invenção japonesa Kokoku Koho (publicado) n?. 57-34317, o pedido de patente de invenção japonesa Kokai Koho (aberto à inspecção pública) n?. 54-160401,7. Contudo, tem havido problemas com aquelas em que o componente principal é um óleo mineral porque são inferiores no que se refere às propriedades de limpeza e naquelas cujo componente principal é um polibuteno por terem fracas propriedades anti-gripagem. Além disso, as que contêm misturas de óleo mineral e de polibuteno são insatisfatórias em relação a ambas as propriedades.
SUMARIO DA INVENÇÃO objecto da presente invenção é resolver os problemas atrás mencionados das técnicas convencionais e proporcionar uma composição de óleo lubrificante para motores a dois tempos que possua propriedades anti-gripagem e de limpeza e que gere uma quantidade reduzida de fumos de escape.
Isto é, a presente invenção proporciona uma composição de óleo lubrificante para motores a dois tempos que contém; a) 40 a 90?ó em peso de um ou mais polimeros escolhidos entre copolímeros de etileno e de una ty.-olefina e polímeros de uma
-olefina com 6 a 18 átomos de carbono;
b) 0 a 50% em peso de um polibuteno com uma viscosidade cinemática compreendida entre 2 e 600 cSt, medida a 100°C;
c) 5 a 50% em peso de um dissolvente hidrocarbonado com um ponto de ebulição não superior a 300°C; e
d) 2 a 20% em peso de um aditivo para óleos lubrificantes para motores a dois tempos.
A composição lubrificante para motores a dois tempos, da presente invenção, distingue-se tanto pelas suas propriedades de limpeza e como de anti-gripagem e por sofrer combustão completa nos motores sem gerar fumos de escape.
DESCRIÇÃO DAS CONDIÇOES PREFERIDAS
Entre os copolímeros de etileno e a Q/-olefina (componente a,] ) que se podem utilizar como polímeros a), na presente invenção, preferem-se os que possuem uma viscosidade cinemática compreendida entre 2 e 600 cSt,com maior preferência entre 3 e 300 cSt, medida a 100°C. Os que possuem uma viscosidade cinemática inferior a 2cSt, medida a 100°C, podem por vezes causar insuficiente propriedade anti-gripagem da composição de óleo lubrificante resultante e os que possuem uma viscosidade cinemática superior a 600 cSt, podem, por vezes, prejudicar a limpeza. Quando se utilizam dois ou mais copolímeros de etileno e ^<-o!efinas como componente a^, é suficiente que a mistura de copolímeros tenha uma viscosidade cinemática compreendida dentro do intervalo atrás referido. Exemplos típicos de copolímeros de etileno e de uma -o 1efina que podem ser apropriadamente utilizados na presente invenção são os óleos hidrocarbonados sintéticos, que são copolímeros de etileno e de Q<.-olefinas com 3 a 20 átomos de carbono, tais como propileno, 1-buteno ou 1-deceno e não têm grupo polar.
Entre os polímeros de OsQ-ole finas com 6 a 18 átomos de carbono (componente a2)que podem ser utilizados como os polímeros a) na presente invenção, preferem-se os que têm uma viscosidade cinemática compreendida entre 2 a 600 cSt, de preferência entre 3 e 300 cSt, medida a 100°C. Esses polímeros podem ser de vários tipos, e utiliza-se, apropriadamente as pol i - C\j-o 1 e f inas , cujos componentes principais são oligómeros, não inferiores a dímeros que se obtêm por polimerização £ particularmente polimerização pouco intensa (low gradeL7 °u por copolimerização deC^-olefinas, mediante vários métodos, tais como um método que utilize catalisadores de Ziegler, um método de polimerização por radicais um método que utilize catalisadores de cloreto de alumínio ou um método que utilize catalisadores de fluoreto de boro e álcoois. Os compostos, isto é, as O<j-olefinas (isto é as unidades que constituem as pol i-^.-ole f inas) utilizadas são as <d£_-olefinas com 6 a 18 átomos de carbono, de preferência 8 a 12 átomos de carbono. Tipicamente pode utilizar-se uma ou mais -olefinas escolhidas entre 1-octeno, 1-noneno, 1-deceno, 1-undeceno, 1-dodeceno e similares. As ^-olefinas particularmente preferidas são 1-octeno, 1-noneno, 1-deceno e 1-dodeceno.
Se a viscosidade cinemática do componente a^ for inferior
a 2 cSt, as propriedades anti-gripagem das composições de óleo lubrificante poderão ser insuficientes e aqueles em que a viscosidade cinemática for superior a 600 cSt poderão ter as suas propriedades de limpeza deterioradas. Quando se utilizam dois ou mais pol/meros de -olefinas como componente a é suficiente que a mistura de polímeros tenha uma viscosidade cinemática dentro do intervalo definido antes.
Se o teor do componente a) na composição de óleo lubrificante da presente invenção for inferior a 40% em peso, as propriedades anti-gripagem da composição de óleo lubrificante serão fracas e, por outro lado, um teor de componente a) superior a 90% em peso é indesejável porque esse teor reduz consideravelmente os teores dos outros componentes. 0 teor preferido do componente a) está compreendido entre 50 a 85% em peso.
componente b), isto é, o polibuteno que se utiliza na presente invenção tem uma viscosidade cinemática compreendida entre 2 e 600 cSt, medida a 100°C. Quando se utilizam dois ou mais polibutenos como componentes b), é suficiente que a mistura de polibutenos tenha uma viscosidade cinemática compreendida no intervalo anteriormente definido. 0 polibuteno não é essencial à composição de óleo lubrificante da presente invenção e utiliza-se em uma quantidade não superior a 50% em peso. Tem como efeito melhorar as propriedades de limpeza da composição de óleo lubrificante. Se a quantidade de componente b) misturada na composição de óleo lubrificante da presente invenção exceder 50% em peso, a propriedade anti-gripagem da composição de óleo lubri
ficante ficará deteriorada. Por isso, a quantidade preferida de componente b) que se mistura é de 5 a 40?ó em peso.
componente c), isto é, o dissolvente hidrocarbonado que se utiliza na presente invenção, pode ser dissolventes hidrocarbonados sintéticos ou de petróleo com um ponto de ebulição não superior a 300°C à pressão atmosférica. Os exemplos típicos de dissolventes hidrocarbonados de petróleo incluem gasolina, petróleo iluminante, gasóleo, etc., e os exemplos típicos de dissolventes hidrocarbonados sintéticos vão desde dímeros a hexâmeros, etc. de propileno, buteno, etc. Particularmente, entre estes dissolventes hidrocarbonados sintéticos, pode-se utilizar apropriadamente os dissolventes constituídos por polímeros de buteno da gama baixa, por causa da sua alta eficiência para melhorar as propriedades anti-gripagem.
Se o teor de dissolvente hidrocarbonado na composição de óleo lubrificante da presente invenção for inferior a 5% em peso as propriedades de limpeza da composição de óleo lubrificante serão deterioradas e se exceder 50% em peso, as propriedades anti-gripagem serão deterioradas.
Alguns exemplos do componente d), isto é, os aditivos para óleos lubrificantes para motores a dois tempos, que se utilizam na presente invenção incluem aditivos geralmente adicionados às composições de óleos lubrificantes para motores a dois tempos, por exemplo, dispersantes isentos de cinzas, agentes tensioactivos, detergentes, abaixadores do ponto de escoamento, inibidores de ferrugem, agentes anti-espuma, etc. e adicionam-se normalmente para melhorar as características da composição de óleo lubrificante da presente invenção, e em proporções tais que não impeçam a realização do objectivo da presente invenção.
Alguns exemplos ilustrativos do componente d) incluem sulfonatos de metais alcalino-terrosos, fenatos de metais alcalino-terrosos, fosfonatos de metais alcalino-terrosos, alcenilsuccinimidas, benzilamina e amidas de tetraetilenopentamina com ácidos alifáticos de cadeia longa.
E desejável misturar estes componentes a) a d) de modo a obter uma composição de óleo lubrificante com uma viscosidade cinemática de 5 a 15 cSt, de preferência de 6 a 12 cSt, medida a 100°C. Se a viscosidade cinemática da composição de óleo lubrificante for inferior a 5 cSt, por vezes as propriedades anti-gripagem podem ser deterioradas e, se exceder 15 cSt, a formação da mistura, no caso de sistemas de óleo separados, pode tornar-se di fícil.
Na composição de óleo lubrificante da presente invenção, pode adicionar-se, para além dos componentes a) a d), pequenas quantidades de outros óleos base, tais como óleos sintéticos de éster e óleos minerais. Nesse caso, é preferível adicionar, em pequenas quantidades, só aqueles que têm viscosidades relativamente baixas, por exemplo, não superiores a 20 cSt, medidas a 100°C.
Os exemplos que se seguem são dados a título de ilustração
para explicitar melhor os princípios da presente invenção. Estes exemplos são meramente ilustrativos e não são, de nenhum modo, limitativos do objectivo da presente invenção.
EXEMPLOS 1 A 9 E EXEMPLOS COMPARATIVOS 1 A 4
Prepararam-se os óleos lubrificantes para motores a dois tempos que têm as composições indicadas nos Quadros 1 e 2 e mediram-se as respectivas propriedades, de acordo com os métodos de avaliação seguintes. Os resultados da avaliação indicam-se nos Quadros 1 e 2. Nos Quadros 1 e 2 a quantidade de cada um dos componentes está indicada em percentagem em peso, com base na quantidade de óleo lubrificante total.
Métodos de avaliação . Limpeza
Realizou-se a avaliação da limpeza utilizando um método de coqueficação da panela, de acordo com o Federal Test Method 791B 3462. De acordo com este método, realizou-se repetidamente, durante 3 horas, um ciclo de 15 segundos de projecção de óleo-45 segundos de interrupção, nas condições de temperatura da panela; 300°C e temperatura do óleo: 120°C e depois avaliou-se a limpeza consoante a quantidade em gramas de carvão que aderiu à superfície da panela.
2. Propriedade anti-gripagem
A avaliação da propriedade anti-gripagem avaliou-se medindo
o tempo necessário para ocorrer a gripagem, utilizando uma máquina de ensaio de Falex, de acordo com csASTM D2625 e 2670.
As condições de ensaio foram as seguintes: número de rotações: 290 rpm; carga 700 Lbs, material de cavilha (pin): liga de alumínio; material do bloco: peça de ensaio normalizada em aço. A formação de uma película de óleo na superfície da cavilha realizou-se revestindo-a com cada um dos óleos lubrificantes atrás descritos, mergulhando a cavilha no óleo lubrificante e depois sujeitando a cavilha a uma drenagem do óleo durante 60 segundos.
Quadro 1
Composições Exemplo Nos.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
C o ✓ polimeros de 5cSt Ô100°C 50,0 40,0
Etileno 10cSt 'Õ100°C 65,0 65,0 60,0 45,0 61,0 55,0
A1 propileno 50cSt ?>100OC 8,0 8,0
100cSt ®100°C 5,0 5,0 21,0 5,0
- 500cSt ©100°C 22,0 22,0
A 2 Oligomeros 10cSt &ioo°c 60,0
de 1-deceno 50cSt -©100 C 8,0
B. Polibuteno 10cSt rÔ100°C 15,0
Polibuteno 200cSt -φιοοθε 10,0 10,0 10,0 10,0 10,0 10,0 10,0 10,0
Petróleo 13,0
C Mistura de trímeros e 11,0 13,0 15,0 15,0 15,0 11,0 11,0 13,0
tetrâmeros de buteno
D Aditivos de óleo lubrificante 7,0 7,0 7,0 7,0 7,0 7,0 7,0 7,0 7,0
para motores a dois tempos
Oleo mineral 150N 10,0
Ester Dioctílico do ácido dímero 10,0
Viscosidade cSt Q)100°C 8,48 8,43 8, 32 8,25 8,16 8,05 8,49 8, 39 8,59
Resultado da limpeza mg 30 28 32 15 18 12 37 41 25
Propriedade anti-gripagem Seg 75 72 60 70 62 60 79 73 61
0: Alcenilsuccinimida (6, ,0) C: Intervalo de ponto de ebulição 140 ~220°C
Sulfato de cálcio básico
Quadro 2
Composições Exemplos Comparativos Nos.
1 2 3 4
Copolímeros de Etileno propileno 10c5t g)100°C 50cSt -d100°C 29,0 5,0
150N 40,0
óleo mineral 500N B.S 70,0 30,0 35,0
B polibuteno West φιοοΎ 70,0
polibuteno 200cSt ^100°C 10,0 10,0 10,0 10,0
C Mistura de trímero e 13,0 13,0 14,0 13,0
tetrâmeros de buteno
D Aditivos para para motores óleos lubrificantes 7,0 a dois tempos 7,0 7,0 7,0
Viscosidade cSt 'δίΟΟθε 8,21 8,16 8,12 8,05
Resultado limpeza mg 129 172 75 15
Propriedade anti-gripagem Seg 50 70 54 12
C e D estão descritos no Quadro 1.

Claims (6)

  1. REIVINDICAÇÕES
    1 . Processo para a preparação de óleos lubrificantes para motores a dois tempos, caracterizado pelo facto de se misturar: a) 40 a 9 0 % em peso de um ou mais polímeros escolhidos entre copolímeros de etileno e uma a- -olefina e polímeros de uma α-olefina comportando 6 a 18 átomos de
    carbono;
    b) 0 a 50 % em peso de um polibuteno possuindo uma viscosidade cinemática compreendida entre
  2. 2 e
    600 mm2/s, medida a 100°C; dissolvente c) 5 a 50 % em peso de um hidrocarbonado com um ponto de ebulição não superior a 300 °C; e d) 2 a 20 % em peso de um aditivo para óleos
    lubrificantes para motores a dois tempos.
    -132.- Processo de acordo com a reivindicação
    1, caracterizado peio facto de se escolher um ou mais dos polimeros referidos em a) no grupo de copolímeros de etileno/propileno possuindo uma viscosidade cinemática compreendida entre 2 e 600 mm2/s, medida a 100°C e de oligómeros de 1-deceno, possuindo uma viscosidade cinemática compreendida entre 2 e 600 mm2/s, medida a
    100°C.
  3. 3.- Processo de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo facto de a quantidade total de um ou mais dos polímeros referidos em a) estar compreendida entre 50 e 85 % em peso.
  4. 4. - Processo de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo facto de a viscosidade cinemática do óleo lubrificante para motores a dois tempos estar compreendida entre 5 e 15 mm2/s, medida a 100°C.
  5. 5. - Processo de acordo com a reivindicação 3, caracterizado pelo facto de se escolher um ou mais dos polímeros referidos em a) no grupo de copolímeros de etileno/propileno possuindo uma viscosidade cinemática compreendida entre 2 e 600 mm2/s, medida a 100°C e de oligómeros de 1-deceno, possuindo uma viscosidade cinemática compreendida entre 2 e 600 mm2/s medida a 100°C, e de se escolher o dissolvente hidrocarbonado entre
    -14petróleo iluminante e misturas de trimeros e tetrâmeros de buteno.
  6. 6.- Processo de acordo com a reivindicação
    5, caracterizado pelo facto de a viscosidade cinemática do óleo lubrificante para motores a dois tempos estar compreendida entre 5 e 15 mm2/s, medida a 100°C.
PT91859A 1988-09-30 1989-09-29 Processo para a preparacao de oleos lubrificantes contendo um ou mais polimeros para motores a dois tempos PT91859B (pt)

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JPH0292995A (ja) 1990-04-03
EP0361180A1 (en) 1990-04-04
US5049291A (en) 1991-09-17
DE68901235D1 (de) 1992-05-21
ATE74952T1 (de) 1992-05-15
CA1329803C (en) 1994-05-24
ES2032345T3 (es) 1993-02-01
PT91859A (pt) 1990-03-30
EP0361180B1 (en) 1992-04-15
JP2804271B2 (ja) 1998-09-24

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