PL3587481T3 - Mikroporowata membrana poliolefinowa i sposób jej wytwarzania - Google Patents
Mikroporowata membrana poliolefinowa i sposób jej wytwarzaniaInfo
- Publication number
- PL3587481T3 PL3587481T3 PL18774533T PL18774533T PL3587481T3 PL 3587481 T3 PL3587481 T3 PL 3587481T3 PL 18774533 T PL18774533 T PL 18774533T PL 18774533 T PL18774533 T PL 18774533T PL 3587481 T3 PL3587481 T3 PL 3587481T3
- Authority
- PL
- Poland
- Prior art keywords
- production method
- microporous membrane
- polyolefin microporous
- polyolefin
- membrane
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000012982 microporous membrane Substances 0.000 title 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 title 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/26—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a solid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. leaching out
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/28—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a liquid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. drying of coagulum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
- B29C48/08—Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
- B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F110/00—Homopolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F110/02—Ethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/02—Ethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/417—Polyolefins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/491—Porosity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2205/00—Foams characterised by their properties
- C08J2205/04—Foams characterised by their properties characterised by the foam pores
- C08J2205/044—Micropores, i.e. average diameter being between 0,1 micrometer and 0,1 millimeter
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2205/00—Foams characterised by their properties
- C08J2205/04—Foams characterised by their properties characterised by the foam pores
- C08J2205/052—Closed cells, i.e. more than 50% of the pores are closed
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2207/00—Foams characterised by their intended use
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08J2323/06—Polyethene
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/443—Particulate material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Cell Separators (AREA)
- Molding Of Porous Articles (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2017060465 | 2017-03-27 | ||
| EP18774533.6A EP3587481B1 (en) | 2017-03-27 | 2018-01-31 | Polyolefin microporous membrane and production method thereof |
| PCT/JP2018/003272 WO2018179810A1 (ja) | 2017-03-27 | 2018-01-31 | ポリオレフィン微多孔膜及びポリオレフィン微多孔膜の製造方法 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| PL3587481T3 true PL3587481T3 (pl) | 2021-12-20 |
Family
ID=63674906
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL18774533T PL3587481T3 (pl) | 2017-03-27 | 2018-01-31 | Mikroporowata membrana poliolefinowa i sposób jej wytwarzania |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US11242440B2 (pl) |
| EP (1) | EP3587481B1 (pl) |
| JP (2) | JP6756902B2 (pl) |
| KR (1) | KR102264032B1 (pl) |
| CN (1) | CN110461925B (pl) |
| DE (1) | DE202018006625U1 (pl) |
| HU (1) | HUE055821T2 (pl) |
| PL (1) | PL3587481T3 (pl) |
| WO (1) | WO2018179810A1 (pl) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP7235486B2 (ja) * | 2018-11-28 | 2023-03-08 | 旭化成株式会社 | ポリオレフィン微多孔膜 |
| KR102838228B1 (ko) * | 2019-02-01 | 2025-07-23 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 폴리올레핀 분리막 및 이의 제조방법 |
| CN111902470B (zh) * | 2019-03-04 | 2021-09-21 | 旭化成株式会社 | 聚烯烃微多孔膜 |
| KR20220048022A (ko) | 2019-10-08 | 2022-04-19 | 아사히 가세이 가부시키가이샤 | 폴리올레핀 미다공막 |
| CN112795066B (zh) * | 2019-11-13 | 2023-10-24 | 上海恩捷新材料科技有限公司 | 一种聚烯烃微多孔膜 |
| CN112886136A (zh) * | 2019-11-13 | 2021-06-01 | 上海恩捷新材料科技有限公司 | 一种聚烯烃微多孔隔离膜 |
| KR102563504B1 (ko) | 2022-06-14 | 2023-08-04 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 전기화학소자용 폴리올레핀 분리막 및 이를 구비한 전기화학소자 |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4752000B2 (ja) | 2000-10-26 | 2011-08-17 | 東レ東燃機能膜合同会社 | ポリオレフィン微多孔膜及びその製造方法 |
| CN100564433C (zh) * | 2002-08-28 | 2009-12-02 | 旭化成电子材料株式会社 | 聚烯烃制微孔膜及其评价方法 |
| JP4804079B2 (ja) | 2004-09-30 | 2011-10-26 | 旭化成イーマテリアルズ株式会社 | ポリオレフィン製微多孔膜 |
| CA2602830A1 (en) | 2005-03-31 | 2006-10-12 | Tonen Chemical Corporation | Method for producing microporous polyolefin membrane and microporous membrane |
| KR100977345B1 (ko) | 2005-12-15 | 2010-08-20 | 아사히 가세이 케미칼즈 가부시키가이샤 | 폴리올레핀제 미다공막 |
| JP4753446B2 (ja) | 2007-01-30 | 2011-08-24 | 旭化成イーマテリアルズ株式会社 | ポリオレフィン製微多孔膜 |
| KR101432146B1 (ko) | 2007-11-28 | 2014-08-28 | 에스케이이노베이션 주식회사 | 물성과 고온 열안정성이 우수한 폴리올레핀 미세다공막 |
| EP2261276B1 (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2015-01-28 | Asahi Kasei E-materials Corporation | Polyolefin microporous membrane and products of winding |
| JP5572334B2 (ja) * | 2008-05-30 | 2014-08-13 | 旭化成イーマテリアルズ株式会社 | ポリオレフィン製微多孔膜 |
| CN102942706A (zh) * | 2008-12-19 | 2013-02-27 | 旭化成电子材料株式会社 | 聚烯烃制微多孔膜及锂离子二次电池用分隔件 |
| KR101394622B1 (ko) | 2009-04-06 | 2014-05-20 | 에스케이이노베이션 주식회사 | 물성과 고온 안정성이 우수한 폴리올레핀계 다층 미세다공막 |
| US10826108B2 (en) * | 2010-08-02 | 2020-11-03 | Celgard, Llc | High melt temperature microporous lithium-ion rechargeable battery separators and methods of preparation and use |
| US20150372276A1 (en) | 2013-02-13 | 2015-12-24 | Toray Battery Separator Film Co., Ltd. | Separator for batteries and method of producing separator for batteries |
| KR101716249B1 (ko) * | 2014-05-28 | 2017-03-14 | 도레이 배터리 세퍼레이터 필름 주식회사 | 폴리올레핀 미세 다공막 및 이의 제조 방법 |
| WO2016024533A1 (ja) * | 2014-08-12 | 2016-02-18 | 東レバッテリーセパレータフィルム株式会社 | ポリオレフィン微多孔膜およびその製造方法、非水電解液系二次電池用セパレータ、ならびに非水電解液系二次電池 |
| JP6893402B2 (ja) | 2015-07-24 | 2021-06-23 | 旭化成株式会社 | 蓄電デバイス用セパレータ |
-
2018
- 2018-01-31 PL PL18774533T patent/PL3587481T3/pl unknown
- 2018-01-31 WO PCT/JP2018/003272 patent/WO2018179810A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2018-01-31 DE DE202018006625.7U patent/DE202018006625U1/de active Active
- 2018-01-31 EP EP18774533.6A patent/EP3587481B1/en active Active
- 2018-01-31 JP JP2019508661A patent/JP6756902B2/ja active Active
- 2018-01-31 US US16/498,076 patent/US11242440B2/en active Active
- 2018-01-31 HU HUE18774533A patent/HUE055821T2/hu unknown
- 2018-01-31 KR KR1020197027874A patent/KR102264032B1/ko active Active
- 2018-01-31 CN CN201880021128.2A patent/CN110461925B/zh active Active
-
2020
- 2020-08-27 JP JP2020143684A patent/JP6895570B2/ja active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3587481A1 (en) | 2020-01-01 |
| CN110461925B (zh) | 2022-03-22 |
| EP3587481A4 (en) | 2020-04-15 |
| JP2020189998A (ja) | 2020-11-26 |
| KR20190118640A (ko) | 2019-10-18 |
| CN110461925A (zh) | 2019-11-15 |
| JP6756902B2 (ja) | 2020-09-16 |
| US11242440B2 (en) | 2022-02-08 |
| HUE055821T2 (hu) | 2021-12-28 |
| JPWO2018179810A1 (ja) | 2019-11-07 |
| EP3587481B1 (en) | 2021-09-08 |
| DE202018006625U1 (de) | 2021-12-17 |
| JP6895570B2 (ja) | 2021-06-30 |
| KR102264032B1 (ko) | 2021-06-11 |
| US20200024419A1 (en) | 2020-01-23 |
| WO2018179810A1 (ja) | 2018-10-04 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| SG11201607640VA (en) | Polyolefin microporous membrane and production method thereof | |
| EP3239222A4 (en) | Polyolefin microporous membrane, method for producing same, and battery separator | |
| PL3319571T3 (pl) | Mikroporowata folia oddychająca i sposób wytwarzania mikroporowatej oddychającej folii | |
| HUE055821T2 (hu) | Poliolefin mikroporózus membrán és annak elõállítási eljárása | |
| PL3006210T3 (pl) | Wielowarstwowa, mikroporowata membrana poliolefinowa i sposób jej produkcji | |
| EP3239223A4 (en) | Polyolefin microporous membrane, production method therefor, and battery separator | |
| EP3348393C0 (de) | Kompositmembran und verfahren zum herstellen einer kompositmembran | |
| SG11201702520QA (en) | Polyolefin microporous membrane, battery separator obtained using same, and method of producing same | |
| EP3252145A4 (en) | Long-term cell-cultivation using polyimide porous membrane and cell-cryopreservation method using polyimide porous membrane | |
| SG11201708502PA (en) | Graphene-based membrane and method of producing the same | |
| EP3130446A4 (en) | Device and method for producing microporous polyolefin resin sheet | |
| EP3263636A4 (en) | Method for manufacturing microporous film and microporous film | |
| GB201611174D0 (en) | System and method for the manufacture of membrane electrode assemblies | |
| HUE060294T2 (hu) | Mikropórusos poliolefin film, szeparátor akkumulátorhoz, és eljárások ezek elõállítására | |
| SG11201609289PA (en) | Multi-layer polyolefin porous membrane, battery separatorobtained using the same, and method for producing the same | |
| EP3251738A4 (en) | Separation membrane and method for producing same | |
| EP3594279A4 (en) | POLYOLEFIN MICROPOROUS MEMBRANE | |
| EP3124201A4 (en) | Microporous polyolefin resin sheet production device and production method | |
| SG11201706782RA (en) | Permselective membrane and method for producing the same | |
| PL3323849T3 (pl) | Mikroporowata membrana, separator akumulatora i akumulator | |
| EP3188285A4 (en) | Microporous membrane roll for battery separators and method for producing same | |
| EP3363528A4 (en) | Semipermeable membrane and method for producing semipermeable membrane | |
| PL3677625T3 (pl) | Mikroporowata membrana poliolefinowa | |
| GB201520869D0 (en) | Membrane stack and method for making the same | |
| HUE066452T2 (hu) | Porózus üreges szálas membrán és elõállítási eljárása |