NO881951L - Fremgangsmaate for ekstraksjon av gallium. - Google Patents
Fremgangsmaate for ekstraksjon av gallium.Info
- Publication number
- NO881951L NO881951L NO881951A NO881951A NO881951L NO 881951 L NO881951 L NO 881951L NO 881951 A NO881951 A NO 881951A NO 881951 A NO881951 A NO 881951A NO 881951 L NO881951 L NO 881951L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- gallium
- solution
- concentration
- acidic
- stated
- Prior art date
Links
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000000622 liquid--liquid extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- -1 halide ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003637 basic solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol Chemical class C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001514 alkali metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001617 alkaline earth metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 abstract description 4
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920001429 chelating resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000004131 Bayer process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- VOHHCUUIBNXCNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-(5,5,7,7-tetramethyloct-1-en-3-yl)quinolin-8-ol Chemical compound C1=CC=NC2=C(O)C(C(C=C)CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)=CC=C21 VOHHCUUIBNXCNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001457 metallic cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002903 organophosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- CHRJZRDFSQHIFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C CHRJZRDFSQHIFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWACCMLWVBYNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-(5-ethylnonan-2-yl)quinolin-8-ol Chemical compound C1=CC=NC2=C(O)C(C(C)CCC(CC)CCCC)=CC=C21 YWACCMLWVBYNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005725 8-Hydroxyquinoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000807 Ga alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XKBGEWXEAPTVCK-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyltrioctylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCC[N+](C)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC XKBGEWXEAPTVCK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003540 oxyquinoline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FNXKBSAUKFCXIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;hydrogen carbonate;8-hydroxy-7-iodoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid Chemical class [Na+].OC([O-])=O.C1=CN=C2C(O)=C(I)C=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C2=C1 FNXKBSAUKFCXIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical class [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G15/00—Compounds of gallium, indium or thallium
- C01G15/003—Preparation involving a liquid-liquid extraction, an adsorption or an ion-exchange
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B58/00—Obtaining gallium or indium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G15/00—Compounds of gallium, indium or thallium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/26—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
- C22B3/36—Heterocyclic compounds
- C22B3/362—Heterocyclic compounds of a single type
- C22B3/364—Quinoline
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/42—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by ion-exchange extraction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Compounds Of Unknown Constitution (AREA)
- Steroid Compounds (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
- Testing Relating To Insulation (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8706370A FR2614887B1 (fr) | 1987-05-06 | 1987-05-06 | Procede de recuperation de gallium par extraction liquide-liquide |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO881951D0 NO881951D0 (no) | 1988-05-04 |
| NO881951L true NO881951L (no) | 1988-11-07 |
Family
ID=9350825
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO881951A NO881951L (no) | 1987-05-06 | 1988-05-04 | Fremgangsmaate for ekstraksjon av gallium. |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0290318B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JPS6465023A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR930003637B1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN1017215B (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE85035T1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU606153B2 (de) |
| BR (1) | BR8802170A (de) |
| CA (1) | CA1334891C (de) |
| DE (1) | DE3877813T2 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2043864T3 (de) |
| FR (1) | FR2614887B1 (de) |
| IE (1) | IE59640B1 (de) |
| IN (1) | IN170892B (de) |
| NO (1) | NO881951L (de) |
| PT (1) | PT87418B (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2620695B1 (fr) * | 1987-09-21 | 1990-01-05 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Procede de recuperation de gallium par extraction liquide-liquide |
| JPH0682999U (ja) * | 1993-01-07 | 1994-11-29 | 良默 林 | ロール掛け |
| CN100418884C (zh) * | 2006-01-16 | 2008-09-17 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | 一种提高拜耳法生产氧化铝循环效率的方法 |
| CN101492777B (zh) * | 2008-10-29 | 2010-06-23 | 南京金美镓业有限公司 | 一种制取分子束外延级高纯度金属镓的方法 |
| US20140144381A1 (en) | 2011-05-19 | 2014-05-29 | Furukawa Co., Ltd. | Method for washing semiconductor manufacturing apparatus component, apparatus for washing semiconductor manufacturing apparatus component, and vapor phase growth apparatus |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2307047A2 (fr) * | 1975-04-10 | 1976-11-05 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | Procede de recuperation du gallium de solutions tres basiques par extraction liquide/liquide |
| FR2307882A2 (fr) * | 1975-04-16 | 1976-11-12 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | Procede de recuperation du gallium de solutions tres basiques par extraction liquide/liquide |
| FR2277897A1 (fr) * | 1974-07-12 | 1976-02-06 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | Procede de recuperation du gallium de solutions tres basiques par extraction liquide/liquide |
| FR2365641A2 (fr) * | 1976-09-27 | 1978-04-21 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | Procede de recuperation du gallium de solutions tres basiques par extraction liquide/liquide |
| FR2495601A1 (fr) * | 1980-12-05 | 1982-06-11 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | Procede de purification de solutions de gallium |
| FI70693C (fi) * | 1980-12-05 | 1986-10-06 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | Foerfarande foer rening av en galliumloesning |
| FR2495599A1 (fr) * | 1980-12-05 | 1982-06-11 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | Procede de purification d'une solution de gallium par extraction liquide-liquide a l'aide d'alcools |
| FR2495600A1 (fr) * | 1980-12-05 | 1982-06-11 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | Procede de purification d'une solution de gallium par extraction liquide-liquide a l'aide de sels d'ammonium quaternaires |
| FR2532295A1 (fr) * | 1982-08-26 | 1984-03-02 | Rhone Poulenc Spec Chim | Procede d'extraction du gallium a l'aide d'hydroxyquinoleines substituees et de sulfates ou sulfonates substitues |
| FR2532296B1 (fr) * | 1982-08-26 | 1985-06-07 | Rhone Poulenc Spec Chim | Procede d'extraction du gallium a l'aide d'hydroxyquinoleines substituees et de composes organophosphores |
| CH655710A5 (de) * | 1983-11-17 | 1986-05-15 | Sulzer Ag | Verfahren zur fluessig-fluessig-extraktion von gallium aus natriumaluminatloesung mit hilfe eines organischen extraktionsmittels. |
| DE3508041A1 (de) * | 1985-03-07 | 1986-09-11 | Preussag Ag Metall, 3380 Goslar | Verfahren zur fluessig-fluessig-extraktion von gallium, germanium oder indium aus waessrigen loesungen |
-
1987
- 1987-05-06 FR FR8706370A patent/FR2614887B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-08-31 IE IE233287A patent/IE59640B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1988
- 1988-04-27 EP EP88401027A patent/EP0290318B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-04-27 AT AT88401027T patent/ATE85035T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-04-27 DE DE8888401027T patent/DE3877813T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-04-27 ES ES88401027T patent/ES2043864T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-05-03 IN IN284/MAS/88A patent/IN170892B/en unknown
- 1988-05-04 NO NO881951A patent/NO881951L/no unknown
- 1988-05-04 BR BR8802170A patent/BR8802170A/pt unknown
- 1988-05-05 AU AU15615/88A patent/AU606153B2/en not_active Expired
- 1988-05-05 CN CN88102672A patent/CN1017215B/zh not_active Expired
- 1988-05-05 PT PT87418A patent/PT87418B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-05-05 CA CA000566063A patent/CA1334891C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-05-06 KR KR1019880005281A patent/KR930003637B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-05-06 JP JP63109295A patent/JPS6465023A/ja active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU1561588A (en) | 1988-11-10 |
| AU606153B2 (en) | 1991-01-31 |
| ES2043864T3 (es) | 1994-01-01 |
| KR930003637B1 (ko) | 1993-05-08 |
| NO881951D0 (no) | 1988-05-04 |
| EP0290318B1 (de) | 1993-01-27 |
| FR2614887A1 (fr) | 1988-11-10 |
| JPS6465023A (en) | 1989-03-10 |
| PT87418B (pt) | 1992-08-31 |
| IE59640B1 (en) | 1994-03-09 |
| KR880014123A (ko) | 1988-12-22 |
| DE3877813D1 (de) | 1993-03-11 |
| DE3877813T2 (de) | 1993-06-17 |
| JPH0463811B2 (de) | 1992-10-13 |
| BR8802170A (pt) | 1988-12-06 |
| EP0290318A1 (de) | 1988-11-09 |
| ATE85035T1 (de) | 1993-02-15 |
| PT87418A (pt) | 1989-05-31 |
| CA1334891C (fr) | 1995-03-28 |
| IE872332L (en) | 1988-11-06 |
| CN1017215B (zh) | 1992-07-01 |
| IN170892B (de) | 1992-06-13 |
| FR2614887B1 (fr) | 1990-11-30 |
| CN88102672A (zh) | 1988-11-30 |
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