NO170569B - PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF PREPARATION FOR ORAL DOSAGE OF ETHOPOSIDE - Google Patents
PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF PREPARATION FOR ORAL DOSAGE OF ETHOPOSIDE Download PDFInfo
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- NO170569B NO170569B NO851022A NO851022A NO170569B NO 170569 B NO170569 B NO 170569B NO 851022 A NO851022 A NO 851022A NO 851022 A NO851022 A NO 851022A NO 170569 B NO170569 B NO 170569B
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- etoposide
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- VJJPUSNTGOMMGY-MRVIYFEKSA-N etoposide Chemical compound COC1=C(O)C(OC)=CC([C@@H]2C3=CC=4OCOC=4C=C3[C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]4O[C@H](C)OC[C@H]4O3)O)[C@@H]3[C@@H]2C(OC3)=O)=C1 VJJPUSNTGOMMGY-MRVIYFEKSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 229960005420 etoposide Drugs 0.000 claims description 40
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- WBWWGRHZICKQGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Taurocholic acid Natural products OC1CC2CC(O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(CCC(=O)NCCS(O)(=O)=O)C)C1(C)C(O)C2 WBWWGRHZICKQGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- WBWWGRHZICKQGZ-GIHLXUJPSA-N taurocholic acid Chemical compound C([C@@H]1C[C@H]2O)[C@@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@@H](CCC(=O)NCCS(O)(=O)=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@H](O)C1 WBWWGRHZICKQGZ-GIHLXUJPSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007903 gelatin capsule Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 40
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229960004106 citric acid Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003613 bile acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000003736 gastrointestinal content Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009747 swallowing Effects 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 ethylidene lignan P Chemical compound 0.000 description 3
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- HSINOMROUCMIEA-FGVHQWLLSA-N (2s,4r)-4-[(3r,5s,6r,7r,8s,9s,10s,13r,14s,17r)-6-ethyl-3,7-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-methylpentanoic acid Chemical compound C([C@@]12C)C[C@@H](O)C[C@H]1[C@@H](CC)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)C[C@H](C)C(O)=O)CC[C@H]21 HSINOMROUCMIEA-FGVHQWLLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003708 ampul Substances 0.000 description 2
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000007963 capsule composition Substances 0.000 description 2
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940068886 polyethylene glycol 300 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940068918 polyethylene glycol 400 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- DNXIKVLOVZVMQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3beta,16beta,17alpha,18beta,20alpha)-17-hydroxy-11-methoxy-18-[(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)oxy]-yohimban-16-carboxylic acid, methyl ester Natural products C1C2CN3CCC(C4=CC=C(OC)C=C4N4)=C4C3CC2C(C(=O)OC)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 DNXIKVLOVZVMQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPZHKLJPVMYFCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(5-bromopyridin-2-yl)acetonitrile Chemical compound BrC1=CC=C(CC#N)N=C1 DPZHKLJPVMYFCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXRKCOCTEMYUEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-aminoisoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound NC1=CC=C2C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1 PXRKCOCTEMYUEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IIUZTXTZRGLYTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogriseofulvin Natural products COC1CC(=O)CC(C)C11C(=O)C(C(OC)=CC(OC)=C2Cl)=C2O1 IIUZTXTZRGLYTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N Gluconic acid Natural products OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JMBQKKAJIKAWKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutethimide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1(CC)CCC(=O)NC1=O JMBQKKAJIKAWKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXWOXTQWVMFRSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Griseoviridin Natural products O=C1OC(C)CC=C(C(NCC=CC=CC(O)CC(O)C2)=O)SCC1NC(=O)C1=COC2=N1 UXWOXTQWVMFRSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDUHZTYCFQRHIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Negwer: 6874 Natural products COC1=CC(=O)CC(C)C11C(=O)C(C(OC)=CC(OC)=C2Cl)=C2O1 DDUHZTYCFQRHIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCQMZZCPPSWADO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Reserpilin Natural products COC(=O)C1COCC2CN3CCc4c([nH]c5cc(OC)c(OC)cc45)C3CC12 LCQMZZCPPSWADO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEVHRUUCFGRFIF-SFWBKIHZSA-N Reserpine Natural products O=C(OC)[C@@H]1[C@H](OC)[C@H](OC(=O)c2cc(OC)c(OC)c(OC)c2)C[C@H]2[C@@H]1C[C@H]1N(C2)CCc2c3c([nH]c12)cc(OC)cc3 QEVHRUUCFGRFIF-SFWBKIHZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010041067 Small cell lung cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960004543 anhydrous citric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019445 benzyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002512 chemotherapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-LLQZFEROSA-N deoxycholic acid Chemical compound C([C@H]1CC2)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-LLQZFEROSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003964 deoxycholic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008121 dextrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- YJGVMLPVUAXIQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N epipodophyllotoxin Natural products COC1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC(C2C3=CC=4OCOC=4C=C3C(O)C3C2C(OC3)=O)=C1 YJGVMLPVUAXIQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940065639 etoposide 100 mg Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002972 glutethimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DDUHZTYCFQRHIY-RBHXEPJQSA-N griseofulvin Chemical compound COC1=CC(=O)C[C@@H](C)[C@@]11C(=O)C(C(OC)=CC(OC)=C2Cl)=C2O1 DDUHZTYCFQRHIY-RBHXEPJQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002867 griseofulvin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012669 liquid formulation Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003186 pharmaceutical solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- YVCVYCSAAZQOJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N podophyllotoxin Natural products COC1=C(O)C(OC)=CC(C2C3=CC=4OCOC=4C=C3C(O)C3C2C(OC3)=O)=C1 YVCVYCSAAZQOJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJGVMLPVUAXIQN-XVVDYKMHSA-N podophyllotoxin Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC([C@@H]2C3=CC=4OCOC=4C=C3[C@H](O)[C@@H]3[C@@H]2C(OC3)=O)=C1 YJGVMLPVUAXIQN-XVVDYKMHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001237 podophyllotoxin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003495 polar organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000244 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010482 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000053 polysorbate 80 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940068968 polysorbate 80 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJOIZNZVOZKDIG-MDEJGZGSSA-N reserpine Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]2C[C@@H]3C4=C([C]5C=CC(OC)=CC5=N4)CCN3C[C@H]2C1)C(=O)OC)OC)C(=O)C1=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 BJOIZNZVOZKDIG-MDEJGZGSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003147 reserpine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MDMGHDFNKNZPAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N roserpine Natural products C1C2CN3CCC(C4=CC=C(OC)C=C4N4)=C4C3CC2C(OC(C)=O)C(OC)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 MDMGHDFNKNZPAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000000587 small cell lung carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- NRHMKIHPTBHXPF-TUJRSCDTSA-M sodium cholate Chemical group [Na+].C([C@H]1C[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC([O-])=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 NRHMKIHPTBHXPF-TUJRSCDTSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000001768 testis refractory cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/715—Polysaccharides, i.e. having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers, esters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/28—Steroids, e.g. cholesterol, bile acids or glycyrrhetinic acid
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/4841—Filling excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/4858—Organic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
Description
Den foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører en fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av en farmasøytisk doseform tilpasset oral administrering av etoposid. Nærmere bestemt har oppfinnelsen befatning med et medikamentbiovirknings- og legemsbehandlingspreparat med en glykosidisk aktiv bestanddel. The present invention relates to a method for producing a pharmaceutical dosage form suitable for oral administration of etoposide. More specifically, the invention relates to a drug bioaction and body treatment preparation with a glycosidic active ingredient.
Etoposid er et halvsyntetisk produkt avledet av podofyllo-toksin. Denne forbindelse har det kjemiske navn 4'-demetylepi-podofyllotoksin-9-(4f6-0(R)-etylidin-B-D-glukopyranosid). Det omtales i litteraturen som VP-16-213, VePesid<®>, etyliden-lignan P og EPEG. Det er blitt vurdert til anvendelse i behandlingen av kreft i The National Cancer Institute's regi under nr. NSC-131540. Det er nylig blitt godkjent av Federal Food and Drug Administra-tion til anvendelse i behandling av refraktær testikkelkreft og er blitt foreslått til anvendelse i behandling av småcellet lungekreft. Etoposide is a semi-synthetic product derived from podophyllo toxin. This compound has the chemical name 4'-demethylepi-podophyllotoxin-9-(4f6-O(R)-ethylidine-B-D-glucopyranoside). It is referred to in the literature as VP-16-213, VePesid<®>, ethylidene lignan P and EPEG. It has been assessed for use in the treatment of cancer under The National Cancer Institute's auspices under No. NSC-131540. It has recently been approved by the Federal Food and Drug Administration for use in the treatment of refractory testicular cancer and has been proposed for use in the treatment of small cell lung cancer.
Ved undersøkelser utført i National Cancer Institute's regi ble legemidlet levert som en injeksjonsløsning med følgende sammensetning: etoposid 100 mg, vannfri sitronsyre 10 mg, benzyl-alkohol 150 mg, renset polysorbat 80 400 mg, polyetylenglykol 300 3,25 g, absolutt alkohol opp til 5,12 g. Hver ampulle inneholdt 5 ml løsning med den ovennevnte sammensetning og ble tynnet 2 0-50 ganger med 0,9% natriumklorid eller 5% dekstose til injeksjon før administrering ved langsom intravenøs infusjon. In studies conducted under the auspices of the National Cancer Institute, the drug was supplied as an injection solution with the following composition: etoposide 100 mg, anhydrous citric acid 10 mg, benzyl alcohol 150 mg, purified polysorbate 80 400 mg, polyethylene glycol 300 3.25 g, absolute alcohol up to 5.12 g. Each ampoule contained 5 ml of solution of the above composition and was diluted 20-50 times with 0.9% sodium chloride or 5% dextrose for injection before administration by slow intravenous infusion.
Ved administrering av det ovennevnte intravenøse preparat ved svelging istedenfor injeksjon ble 5 ml ampullen enten inntatt som en teskjefull dose eller ble først tynnet med vann, og det viste seg at biotilgjengeligheten via den orale vei var ca. 90% av biotilgjengeligheten via den intravenøse vei (M.D'Incalci et al., Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology, Vol 7, 1982, p. 141-145). En liknende dose tatt som kapsel, hvor 1,3 ml innkapslet løsning inneholdt 100 mg aktiv bestanddel, og hvor vehikkelen besto av polyetylenglykol 400, glyserol, vann og sitronsyre, ga bare halvparten av den intravenøse løsnings biotilgjengelighet når den ble inntatt ved nedsvelging (M.D'Incalci et al., se ovenfor). Den foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører dette problem med redusert biotilgjengelighet av kapseldoseformen og frem-bringer en flytende formulering som har tilstrekkelig høy konsentrasjon til innkapsling og som gir en biotilgjengelighet ved svelging som er lik den intravenøse løsnings biotilgjengelighet. When administering the above-mentioned intravenous preparation by swallowing instead of injection, the 5 ml ampoule was either taken as a teaspoonful dose or was first diluted with water, and it turned out that the bioavailability via the oral route was approx. 90% of the bioavailability via the intravenous route (M.D'Incalci et al., Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology, Vol 7, 1982, p. 141-145). A similar dose taken as a capsule, where 1.3 ml of encapsulated solution contained 100 mg of active ingredient, and where the vehicle consisted of polyethylene glycol 400, glycerol, water and citric acid, gave only half the bioavailability of the intravenous solution when ingested by swallowing (M .D'Incalci et al., see above). The present invention relates to this problem of reduced bioavailability of the capsule dosage form and produces a liquid formulation which has a sufficiently high concentration for encapsulation and which provides a bioavailability upon ingestion that is equal to the bioavailability of the intravenous solution.
Fremgangsmåten ifølge den foreliggende oppfinnelse er derfor kjennetegnet ved at det til en suspensjon av taurokolsyre i polyetylenglykol tilsettes vann, etanol og vannløselig syre, og løsningen oppvarmes, filtreres og tilsettes etoposid slik at det dannes en homogen væske, hvorved polyetylenglykolen anvendes i en mengde på 5-9 vektdeler per vektdel av etoposidet, taurokolsyren anvendes i en mengde på 1-10 vektdeler per vektdel av etoposidet, etanolen anvendes i en mengde på 5-20 vekt% av preparatet, og den vannløselige syre anvendes i en mengde som tilsvarer 0,1-0,5 vektdeler sitronsyre per vektdel av etoposidet. The method according to the present invention is therefore characterized by the fact that water, ethanol and water-soluble acid are added to a suspension of taurocholic acid in polyethylene glycol, and the solution is heated, filtered and etoposide is added so that a homogeneous liquid is formed, whereby the polyethylene glycol is used in an amount of 5 -9 parts by weight per part by weight of the etoposide, the taurocholic acid is used in an amount of 1-10 parts by weight per part by weight of the etoposide, the ethanol is used in an amount of 5-20% by weight of the preparation, and the water-soluble acid is used in an amount corresponding to 0.1 -0.5 parts by weight of citric acid per part by weight of etoposide.
Spesielt foretrukne utførelser av fremgangsmåten fremgår av de etterfølgende kravene 2-11. Particularly preferred embodiments of the method appear from the following claims 2-11.
Oppfinnelsen utnytter den iakttagelse at når taurokolsyre tilsettes til et løsningsdosepreparat med etoposid er resultatet en markant forbedret absorpsjon av legemidlet etter svelging av preparatet. Det antas at dette skyldes dannelsen av en micellær løsning av etoposid ved tynning derav med mageinnholdet. The invention makes use of the observation that when taurocholic acid is added to a solution dose preparation with etoposide, the result is a markedly improved absorption of the medicine after swallowing the preparation. It is believed that this is due to the formation of a micellar solution of etoposide by diluting it with the stomach contents.
Ved undersøkelsen av dette problem har det vist seg at den ovenfor omtalte kapselformulering resulterer i umiddelbar dannelse av et tungt, melkehvitt bunnfall når den blandes med vann i forholdet ca. 10 ml vann pr. 100 mg etoposid. Når så lite som en like stor vektmengde taurokolsyre i forhold til etoposid tilsettes til den flytende kapselformulering forsinkes bunnfall-dannelsen i mer enn en time ved blanding av formuleringen med 10 ml vann. Følgende tabell viser denne virkning av taurokolsyre og andre gallesyrer. When investigating this problem, it has been shown that the capsule formulation mentioned above results in the immediate formation of a heavy, milky-white precipitate when it is mixed with water in a ratio of approx. 10 ml of water per 100 mg etoposide. When as little as an equal amount by weight of taurocholic acid in relation to etoposide is added to the liquid capsule formulation, precipitation formation is delayed for more than an hour by mixing the formulation with 10 ml of water. The following table shows this effect of taurocholic acid and other bile acids.
Målinger av overflatespenning på de vandige tynnete løs-ninger av alle gallesyreformuleringene som er angitt i tabellen ovenfor er også bekreftet at det dannes micellære løsninger av etoposid. Dette avspeiles i at når konsentrasjonen av taurokolsyre i løsningen økes, minskes overflatespenningen ikke ytterligere. Den konsentrasjon hvor ingen ytterligere reduksjon av overflatespenningen finner sted, omtales som den kritiske micellære konsentrasjon. Measurements of surface tension on the aqueous dilute solutions of all the bile acid formulations listed in the table above also confirmed that micellar solutions of etoposide are formed. This is reflected in the fact that when the concentration of taurocholic acid in the solution is increased, the surface tension does not decrease further. The concentration at which no further reduction of the surface tension takes place is referred to as the critical micellar concentration.
Fenomenet med micellær løsning av legemidler med liten vannløselighet fremkalt av gallesyre, såsom taurokolsyre, er tidligere blitt omtalt når det gjelder griseofulvin, hekse-sterol, glutetimid (Bates et al,. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol 55, p. 191-199), reserpin, (Malone et al., ibid, Vol 55, 1966, p. 972-974), fettsyrer, kolesterol (Westergaard The phenomenon of micellar solution of drugs with low water solubility induced by bile acid, such as taurocholic acid, has previously been discussed in the case of griseofulvin, witch-sterol, glutethimide (Bates et al,. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol 55, p. 191-199) , reserpine, (Malone et al., ibid, Vol 55, 1966, p. 972-974), fatty acids, cholesterol (Westergaard
et al., Journal of Clinical Investigation, Vol 58, 1976, p.97-108) . et al., Journal of Clinical Investigation, Vol 58, 1976, p.97-108).
Den foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører således fremstilling av en farmasøytisk løsning av etoposid, som har den enestående egenskap å frembringe en stabil tilsynelatende løsning av legemidlet ved fortynning derav med 1-100 volumer vann. Løsningen er stabil og fri for bunnfall i minst 2 timer, noe som er tilstrekkelig til administrering til og absorpsjon i et pattedyrs organisme. Det har vist seg at biotilgjengeligheten av etoposid etter oral administrering av nevnte doseform er stort sett ekvivalent med den som oppnås ved intravenøs administrering av en løsning av legemidlet. Det antas at svelgingen av doseformen og den resulterende tynning derav med mageinnholdet resulterer i at det i magen dannes en micellær etoposidløsning som lett absorberes i mage- og tarmkanalen. Man vil imidlertid ikke være bundet til noen teoretisk forklaring på mekanismen hvormed den enestående orale biotilgjengelighet av formuleringen oppnås. The present invention thus relates to the preparation of a pharmaceutical solution of etoposide, which has the unique property of producing a stable apparent solution of the drug by diluting it with 1-100 volumes of water. The solution is stable and free of sediment for at least 2 hours, which is sufficient for administration to and absorption in a mammalian organism. It has been shown that the bioavailability of etoposide after oral administration of said dosage form is largely equivalent to that achieved by intravenous administration of a solution of the drug. It is believed that the ingestion of the dosage form and the resulting dilution thereof with the stomach contents results in the formation of a micellar etoposide solution in the stomach which is readily absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. However, one will not be bound to any theoretical explanation of the mechanism by which the unique oral bioavailability of the formulation is achieved.
Polyetylenglykol med en molekylvekt på 200-400 er blitt valgt som vehikkel for preparatet. Polyetylenglykol har den nødvendige løsningskapasitet for etoposid og oppviser aksepta-bel viskositet og dispergerbarhet i vann til å oppfylle betingel-sene for oppfinnelsen. Polyetylenglykol med molekylevekt på 200-300 foretrekkes idet den er mindre viskøs enn polyetylenglykol 400. Den lavere viskositet letter fremstillingen og øker dispergerbarheten for preparatet ved blanding med vann eller mageinnhold. Andre bestanddeler i preparatet tjener til å bedre dispergerbarheten og å lette micelledannelsen ved blanding derav med vann, eller til å bedre løsningens forenelighet med kapselhylsteret når materialet innkapsles i en bløt gelatinkapsel ifølge den foretrukne utførelsesform av oppfinnelsen. Polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 200-400 has been chosen as the vehicle for the preparation. Polyethylene glycol has the necessary dissolving capacity for etoposide and exhibits acceptable viscosity and dispersibility in water to fulfill the conditions of the invention. Polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 200-300 is preferred as it is less viscous than polyethylene glycol 400. The lower viscosity facilitates production and increases the dispersibility of the preparation when mixed with water or stomach contents. Other ingredients in the preparation serve to improve dispersibility and to facilitate micelle formation by mixing it with water, or to improve the compatibility of the solution with the capsule casing when the material is encapsulated in a soft gelatin capsule according to the preferred embodiment of the invention.
Som nevnt anvendes det fortrinnsvis 5-9 vektdeler polyetylenglykol. 300 pr. vektdel etoposid. I dette området er etoposids lesehas-tighet tilstrekkelig til bekvem fremstilling, en tilstrekkelig flytende blanding oppnås med hensyn til bekvem håndtering, og løsningen er tilstrekkelig konsentrert, slik at en enhetsdose kan anbringes i et tilstrekkelig lite løsningsvolum, noe som muliggjør innkapsling i en bløt gelatinkapsel. Mer fortynnete løsninger kan selvfølgelig fremstilles for anvendelse med dose-ring ved hjelp av pipette eller full teskje. Slike omfattes også av oppfinnelsen. As mentioned, preferably 5-9 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol are used. 300 per weight part etoposide. In this range, the reading speed of etoposide is sufficient for convenient preparation, a sufficiently fluid mixture is obtained for convenient handling, and the solution is sufficiently concentrated, so that a unit dose can be placed in a sufficiently small volume of solution, which enables encapsulation in a soft gelatin capsule. . More diluted solutions can of course be prepared for use with dosing using a pipette or full teaspoon. Such are also covered by the invention.
Etoposidet pulveriseres fortrinnsvis før formulering til preparatet, men dette er fortrinnsvis av bekvemmelighetsgrunner og er ikke nødvendig, idet det dannes en ekte løsning av etoposid i polyetylenglykol. Når etoposid løses i et vannløselig organisk løsningsmiddel og den resulterende løsning blandes med vann, utfelles etoposidet vanligvis på grunn av dets meget lave vannløselighet. Ifølge oppfinnelsen tilsettes taurokolsyre i preparatet, og nærværet av denne bestanddel resulterer antagelig i dannelsen av en micellær løsning når preparatet blandes med vann. The etoposide is preferably pulverized before formulation into the preparation, but this is preferably for reasons of convenience and is not necessary, as a true solution of etoposide in polyethylene glycol is formed. When etoposide is dissolved in a water-soluble organic solvent and the resulting solution is mixed with water, etoposide usually precipitates due to its very low water solubility. According to the invention, taurocholic acid is added to the preparation, and the presence of this ingredient presumably results in the formation of a micellar solution when the preparation is mixed with water.
Andre gallesyrer vil likeledes fremme dannelsen av tilsynelatende micellære løsninger ved blanding av polyetylengly-kolløsningen med vann, men de er ikke egnet til anvendelse i preparatene, idet de derved fremkomne micellære løsninger er ustabile og ikke dannes ved sure pH-verdier. Natriumdeoksykolat eller natriumkolat danner micellære løsninger med etoposid, Other bile acids will likewise promote the formation of apparent micellar solutions by mixing the polyethylene glycol solution with water, but they are not suitable for use in the preparations, as the resulting micellar solutions are unstable and do not form at acidic pH values. Sodium deoxycholate or sodium cholate forms micellar solutions with etoposide,
men de micellære løsninger har pH-verdier på henholdsvis 10,9 but the micellar solutions have pH values of 10.9 respectively
og 11,0. Ved surgjøring utfelles etoposidet fra slike løsninger. Disse er derfor ikke egnet til svelging på grunn av mageinnhol-dets sure natur. Til innkapsling i bløte gelatinkapselhylstre foretrekkes det dessuten sure betingelser idet gelatinkapselen ødelegges av løsninger som har pH-verdier på over 8,0. Det har vist seg ved empirisk eksperimentering at fortrinnsvis ca. 3,5 vektdeler taurokolsyre pr. vektdel eto<p>osid er ønskelig for å frembringe en stabil micellær løsning ved fortynning av preparatet med vann. Mindre mengder, såsom 2,0 vektdeler, og større and 11.0. When acidified, etoposide is precipitated from such solutions. These are therefore not suitable for swallowing due to the acidic nature of the stomach contents. Acidic conditions are also preferred for encapsulation in soft gelatin capsule casings, as the gelatin capsule is destroyed by solutions that have pH values above 8.0. It has been shown by empirical experimentation that preferably approx. 3.5 parts by weight of taurocholic acid per part by weight of eto<p>oside is desirable to produce a stable micellar solution when diluting the preparation with water. Smaller amounts, such as 2.0 parts by weight, and larger
mengder taurokolsyre kan anvendes. Det tjener intet formål å anvende mer enn ca. 10 vektdeler taurokolsyre pr. vektdel etoposid. amounts of taurocholic acid can be used. It serves no purpose to use more than approx. 10 parts by weight of taurocholic acid per weight part etoposide.
En vannløselig syre kan inkorporeres i preparatet for å sikre at det oppnås en sur pH-verdi ved fortynning, til dannelse av den micellære løsning. Av hensyn til farmasøytisk eleganse og lettvint håndtering ved fremstillingen foretrekkes det å anvende en fast, vannløselig organisk karboksylsyre, men andre syrer kan anvendes. Malein-, vin-, sitron-, glukon- eller askor-binsyre, som er vannløselige, ikke-toksiske og bekvemme å hånd-tere ved fremstilling av farmasøytika, foretrekkes. Mest fore-trukket er sitronsyre, som har vist seg å være egnet når den anvendes i 0,1-0,5 vektdeler pr. vektdel etoposid. Det mest foretrukne forhold er 0,2 vektdeler sitronsyre pr. vektdel etoposid. A water-soluble acid can be incorporated into the preparation to ensure that an acidic pH value is achieved upon dilution, to form the micellar solution. For reasons of pharmaceutical elegance and easy handling during manufacture, it is preferred to use a solid, water-soluble organic carboxylic acid, but other acids can be used. Maleic, tartaric, citric, gluconic or ascorbic acid, which are water-soluble, non-toxic and convenient to handle in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, is preferred. Most preferred is citric acid, which has proven to be suitable when used in 0.1-0.5 parts by weight per weight part etoposide. The most preferred ratio is 0.2 parts by weight of citric acid per weight part etoposide.
Etanol tjener i preparatet det viktige formål å frembringe en hurtig dispergering ved blanding med vann og letter dannelsen av den micellære løsning. Andre vannløselige, polare organiske løsningsmidler, såsom metanol, propanol, aceton etc, som også er effektive, er ikke egnet til svelging, og i overensstemmeIse med dette er etanol blitt valgt til dette formål. Minst 5 vekt% etanol i preparatet er nødvendig til dette formål, men større mengder, opp til 2 0 vekt%, kan anvendes, særlig for pipette-eller teskjedoseringsformer. Til innkapsling i en bløt gelatinkapsel kan det maksimalt anvendes 10 vekt% etanol i preparatet. Løsninger med høyere konsentrasjoner av etanol enn 10 vekt% kan bevirke avvanning av gelatinkapselveggen og er følgelig ikke egnet til innkapsling i denne type kapsel. Ethanol in the preparation serves the important purpose of producing a rapid dispersion when mixed with water and facilitates the formation of the micellar solution. Other water-soluble, polar organic solvents, such as methanol, propanol, acetone, etc., which are also effective, are not suitable for ingestion, and accordingly ethanol has been chosen for this purpose. At least 5% by weight of ethanol in the preparation is necessary for this purpose, but larger amounts, up to 20% by weight, can be used, especially for pipette or teaspoon dosage forms. For encapsulation in a soft gelatin capsule, a maximum of 10% ethanol by weight can be used in the preparation. Solutions with higher concentrations of ethanol than 10% by weight can cause dewatering of the gelatin capsule wall and are therefore not suitable for encapsulation in this type of capsule.
Til anvendelse av preparatet i enhetsdoseform i en bløt gelatinkapsel er det endelig ønskelig å anvende opp til ca. 1 vektdel vann pr. vektdel etoposid for å bedre preparatets forenelighet med det bløte gelatinkapselhylster. Den hydrofile natur av polyetylenglykol, etanol, sitronsyre og taurokolsyre gjør at preparatet trekker ut vannet fra kapselhylsteret og kan bevirke at dette ødelegges ved lengre oppbevaring. Tilstrekkelig vann tilsettes derfor i preparatet, fortrinnsvis 1 vektdel vann pr. vektdel etoposid, for å gjøre preparatet forenelig med kapselhylsteret og forebygge avvanning av dette. Det er ønskelig å velge en vannmengde som vil gi stabilitet i en oppbevaringsperiode på 2 år ved romtemperatur når kapselen oppbevares For use of the preparation in unit dose form in a soft gelatin capsule, it is finally desirable to use up to approx. 1 part by weight of water per weight of etoposide to improve the preparation's compatibility with the soft gelatin capsule shell. The hydrophilic nature of polyethylene glycol, ethanol, citric acid and taurocholic acid means that the preparation extracts water from the capsule shell and can cause this to be destroyed during longer storage. Sufficient water is therefore added to the preparation, preferably 1 part by weight of water per part by weight of etoposide, to make the preparation compatible with the capsule shell and prevent dehydration of this. It is desirable to choose a quantity of water that will provide stability for a storage period of 2 years at room temperature when the capsule is stored
i en lukket beholder. in a closed container.
Ved de foretrukne utførelsesformer av oppfinnelsen fremstilles det stabile, flytende preparater i form av ekte løs-ninger med følgende sammensetning: In the preferred embodiments of the invention, stable, liquid preparations are produced in the form of real solutions with the following composition:
Ved den mest foretrukne utførelsesform har løsningen følgende sammensetning: In the most preferred embodiment, the solution has the following composition:
Den foretrukne sammensetning fremstilt som ifølge oppfinnelsen belyses nærmere i det følgende eksempel. The preferred composition produced according to the invention is explained in more detail in the following example.
Eksempel Example
Følgende bestanddeler ble innveiet: The following components were weighed:
Taurokolsyren ble tilsatt porsjonsvis til polyetylenglykol 300 under omrøring, hvorved det ble dannet en suspensjon. Deretter ble vannet tilsatt, etterfulgt av alkoholen og sitronsyren. Det ble dannet en løsning som ble oppvarmet til 65°C og som The taurocholic acid was added portionwise to polyethylene glycol 300 with stirring, whereby a suspension was formed. Then the water was added, followed by the alcohol and the citric acid. A solution was formed which was heated to 65°C and which
fikk kjølne til 35°C, og som ble filtrert ("Millipore AP 25 was allowed to cool to 35°C, and which was filtered ("Millipore AP 25
29325"). En nitrogenatmosfære ble opprettholdt over løsningen i disse trinn. Filtratet ble holdt på 30-35°C, og deretter ble etoposidet løst i dette. Deretter ble løsningen analysert (fun-net: 71,3 mg etoposid pr. g) og fylt i bløte gelatinkapsler med 100 mg etoposid pr. kapsel. 29325"). A nitrogen atmosphere was maintained over the solution in these steps. The filtrate was kept at 30-35°C, and then the etoposide was dissolved in it. The solution was then analyzed (found: 71.3 mg etoposide per g) and filled in soft gelatin capsules with 100 mg etoposide per capsule.
Den ovennevnte kapselløsning hadde følgende karakteristika og stabilitet: The above capsule solution had the following characteristics and stability:
Karakteristika Characteristics
Stabilitet Stability
Claims (11)
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JPS60239418A (en) * | 1984-05-15 | 1985-11-28 | Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd | Soft capsule containing etoposide |
JPS61189230A (en) * | 1985-02-19 | 1986-08-22 | Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd | Etoposide preparation |
DE3629386A1 (en) * | 1986-08-29 | 1988-03-03 | Scherer Gmbh R P | GELATINE CAPSULES AND METHOD FOR THEIR PRODUCTION |
US4927638A (en) * | 1986-10-08 | 1990-05-22 | Bristol-Myers Company | Etoposide solutions |
US5154930A (en) * | 1987-03-05 | 1992-10-13 | The Liposome Company, Inc. | Pharmacological agent-lipid solution preparation |
US5376381A (en) * | 1988-02-25 | 1994-12-27 | The Liposome Company, Inc. | Integrity protected gelatin |
JP2000247911A (en) * | 1999-02-26 | 2000-09-12 | Hisamitsu Pharmaceut Co Inc | Absorption promoter for large intestine |
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FR2358144A1 (en) * | 1976-07-13 | 1978-02-10 | Lipha | Compsn. for treating biliary lithiasis - contains hymecromone and chenodeoxy-cholic acid, with lower cost and better tolerance |
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FR2410504A1 (en) * | 1977-12-05 | 1979-06-29 | Air Liquide | Safety control in chemical reactor carrying out oxidations - comprises oxygen concn. monitoring in gaseous phase and nitrogen injections if set concn. is reached |
DE2809543A1 (en) * | 1978-03-06 | 1979-09-13 | Werner Henke | Rendering oil or gas well gases harmless - by desulphurisation and oxidn. in catalytic reactors |
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- 1985-03-18 KR KR1019850001736A patent/KR850006136A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1985-03-18 PT PT80131A patent/PT80131B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-03-18 DE DE19853509741 patent/DE3509741A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1985-03-18 CA CA000476750A patent/CA1238578A/en not_active Expired
- 1985-03-18 ES ES541370A patent/ES8702140A1/en not_active Expired
- 1985-03-18 SE SE8501312A patent/SE8501312L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1985-03-19 OA OA58543A patent/OA07968A/en unknown
- 1985-03-19 AT AT819/85A patent/AT392904B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-03-19 GR GR850688A patent/GR850688B/el unknown
- 1985-03-19 CH CH1223/85A patent/CH662731A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1987
- 1987-09-29 MY MYPI87002211A patent/MY101916A/en unknown
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