NO148295B - Smoereolje. - Google Patents

Smoereolje.

Info

Publication number
NO148295B
NO148295B NO793296A NO793296A NO148295B NO 148295 B NO148295 B NO 148295B NO 793296 A NO793296 A NO 793296A NO 793296 A NO793296 A NO 793296A NO 148295 B NO148295 B NO 148295B
Authority
NO
Norway
Prior art keywords
weight
parts
cleaning agent
lubricating oil
over
Prior art date
Application number
NO793296A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
NO148295C (no
NO793296L (no
Inventor
Christopher Trevor Clar Clarke
Original Assignee
Exxon Research Engineering Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Exxon Research Engineering Co filed Critical Exxon Research Engineering Co
Publication of NO793296L publication Critical patent/NO793296L/no
Publication of NO148295B publication Critical patent/NO148295B/no
Publication of NO148295C publication Critical patent/NO148295C/no

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    • C10M163/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
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    • C10M2203/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
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    • C10M2205/00Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/026Butene
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    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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    • C10M2207/02Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
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Description

Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår smøreoljer som skal brukes i lav-hastighets krysshode-dieselmaskiner, som normalt brukes for fremdrift av fartøyer.
I sløyfe-utspylende marine krysshode-dieselmotorer vil de ut-spylede luftåpningene etter hvert lett bli tettet igjen på grunn av avsetninger. Dette kan resultere i reduserte inter-valler med hensyn til overhaling, foruten at selve motor-driften får redusert effekt fordi motorens normale respirasjon etter hvert blir påvirket.
Man har nu oppdaget en oljesammensetning som når den brukes
i ovennevnte type dieselmaskiner i betydelig grad reduserer tiltetning av luftåpningene med avsetninger, og som dessuten viser tilfredsstillende egenskaper med hensyn til motstand mot slitasje.
Ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse er det tilveiebragt en smøre-olje som er kjennetegnet ved at den
(i) inneholder 60-85 vektdeler smøreolje, 0,2-5 vektdeler av et antioksydasjonsmiddel og 15-30 vektdeler av en blanding av overbaserte rensemidler inneholdende 50 vekt-% eller mer av et gruppe Ila-metall-overbasert svovelbehandlet fenat og opptil 50 vekt-% av et gruppe Ia-metall-overbasert rensemiddel omfattende produktet av omsetningen i nærvær av karbondioksyd av ( å) en alkalimetallbase med (b) et hydrokarbon, fortrinnsvis en polyolefin, inneholdende fosfor og svovel og (c) en alkylfenol eller et alkylfenolsulfid i nærvær av en fortynnende olje* (ii) har et vektforhold mellom den overbaserte rensemiddelblanding og antioksydasjonsmiddel mellom 7,5:1 og 50:1, idet alle vektdeler refererer til den totale mengde aktivt stoff i additivet.
Den smøreoljen som kan brukes kan være en animalsk, vegeta-bilsk eller mineralsk olje eller en syntetisk olje, og er fortrinnsvis en hydrokarbonolje. Mineraloljene er fortrinnsvis i alt vesentlig av parafinisk og/eller naftenisk type. De kan imidlertid inneholde en vesentlig del av hydrokarboner med aro-matisk karakter, dvs. opptil 25%. Viskositeten kan variere betydelig, dvs. SAE 30 til 50, men er normalt SAE 50. Egnede oljer er avledet fra sterkt parafiniske råoljer, hvor en des-tillasjon og/eller awoksning kan være tilstrekkelig til å gi en egnet basisolje. Blandede råoljer og endog råoljer me.d et innhold av aromatiske stoffer og som kan inneholde parafiniske hydrokarboner kan også brukes etter egnet raffinering. Mineral-oljebasene kan være blandinger av destillat-smøreoljer og lyse smøreoljer.
Mineraloljene kan være blandet med eller erstattet med smøre-midler eller polymeriserte olefiner, f.eks. polyisobutylen. Egnede syntetiske smøremidler er diestere slik som di-oktyl-adipat, di-oktyl-sebacat, didecyl-azelat, tridecyl-adipat, didecyl-succinat, didecyl-rglutarat og blandinger derav. Den syntetiske esteren kan alternativt være en polyester slik som den fremstilt ved omsetning av flerverdige alkoholer slik som trimetylol-propan og pentaerytritol med monokarboksylsyrer slik som smørsyre, for oppnåelse av de tilsvarende tri- og tetra-estere. Komplekset estere kan også benyttes, slik som de som dannes ved forestringsreaksjoner mellom en karboksyl-syre, en glykol og en alkohol eller en monokarboksylsyre.
Et overbasert rensemiddel er definert som et salt eller kom-pleks hvor mengden av metallkation er i støkiometrisk overskudd sammenlignet med det oljeoppløselige anionet.
Det gruppe Ia-overbaserte rensemiddeladditiv fremstilles ved omsetning av (i) en base av et alkalimetall med (ii) et hydrokarbon, fortrinnsvis en olefin, inneholdende fosfor og svovel, og (iii) en alkylfenol eller et alkylfenolsulfid i nærvær av en fortynnende olje, idet karbondioksyd blåses inn i reak-sjonsblandingen mens reaksjonen finner sted.
Det gruppe Ila-metall-overbaserte svovelbehandlede fenat kan fremstilles via fenatet. Således kan et alkylfenat fremstilles ved omsetning av en alkylfenol, f.eks. oktyl-, nonyl-, n-decyl-, cetyl- eller dioktyl-fenol med en jordalkali-metallbase, f.eks. kalsiumhydroksyd eller bariumhydroksyd-oktahydrat. For dannelse av det tilsvarende overbaserte fenat omsettes fenolen med overskudd base og overskuddet nøytraliseres med en sur gass, f.eks. karbondioksyd. Produktet omsettes der-etter med elementært svovel eller svoveldiklorid for oppnåelse av et for svovelet fenat-reaksjonsprodukt hvorfra fri alkylfenol eller flyktig materiale fortrinnsvis fjernes ved damp-destillasjon.
For generelt å være egnet for bruk i smøreoljer ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse, bør den overbaserte rensemiddelblanding ha et totalt basetall (ASTMD664) på mellom 175 og 500, for-:.-trinnsvis mellom 200 og 400.
Selvom de overbaserte rensemidlene kan være avledet fra et hvert gruppe Ia og gruppe Ila-metall, så er det vanligvis avledet fra kalsium eller natrium. Bruken av alkalimetall (f.eks. natrium) rensemidler forbedrer lagrings- og varme-stabiliteten på sammensetningen og gir også bedre beskyttelse mot korrosjon enn jordalkalimetall-rensemidler, Imidlertid er et nærvær av jordalkalimetall-rensemidler vesentlig for å sikre gode egenskaper mot slitasje.
Selvom man kan bruke opptil 50 vekt-% av et gruppe Ia-metall
i praksis, så er det foretrukket at den overbaserte rensemiddelblandingen omfatter mer enn 80 vekt-% av gruppe Ila-metallrensemiddelet, f.eks. kalsium, og opptil 20 vekt-%
av gruppe Ia-metallrensemiddelet, f.eks. natrium.
Den andre komponenten i smøreoljen er et antioksydasjonsmiddel. Antioksydasjonsmidler er forbindelser som forsinker eller hemmer oksydasjon, og i dette tilfelle må de være oljeopp-løselige og i det minste forsinke'oksydasjonen av smøreoljen og viste god varmestabilitet i den endelige blandingen.
Eksempler på egnede antioksydasjonsmidler er alkylerte fenoler, organiske aminer, organiske svovelforbindelser og metalltiofosfater.
Egnede organiske svovelforbindelser innbefatter sulfider, f.eks. nonylfenylsulfid, dibenzylsulfid eller fosforforsvovlet 2-pinen.
Egnede alkylerte fenoler innbefatter trialkylerte fenoler så som 1-hydroksy, 2,4,6 trimetylbenzen, di-t-butyl-parakresol og 1-naftol.
Foretrukne fenoler er imidlertid de hindrede fenoler, dvs. fenoler substituert i stillinger inntil hydroksygruppen,
f.eks. 2,4,6 tri-t-butylfenol, 2,6 di-t-butylfenol, 2,6-di-t-butyl 4-metylfenol og 2,2-bis(3'5' di-t-butyl 4'-hydroksyfenol) pentan.
Egnede aminantioksydasjonsmidler innbefatter diarylaminer, f .eks. difenylamin, f enyl-a-naf tylamin og f enyl-g-naf ty. lam in og tiodiarylaminer, f.eks. fenotiazin, alkylerte fenotiaziner og fenyltionaftylamin.
Metalltiofosfater kan innbefatte sinkdialkyl-ditiofosfat (ZDDP), spesielt der hvor alkylgruppene er amyl og/eller butyl, eller diaryl.
Smøreoljen, den overbaserte rensemiddelblanding og antioksyda-sjonsrtiiddelet må blandes i disse forhold for å tilfredsstille de krav som stilles ved foreliggende oppfinnelse. Mengdene av rensemiddelblandingen og antioksydasjonsmiddel og av even-tuelle andre additiver som her er angitt, refererer seg til total mengde av aktive bestanddeler, og en hver olje som er til stede i additivene må inkluderes sammen med basisoljen når man bedømmer hvor meget olje som er til stede i smøreoljen. Således vil de fleste rensemiddeladditiver inneholde fra 60 - 70 vekt-% aktive bestanddeler, og dette betyr i praksis at man må velge f.eks. 15 vektdeler av det overbaserte rensemiddel,
så må man tilsette fra ca. 22 til 23 vektdeler av et kommersielt tilgjengelig additiv til basisoljen.
Jo mer overbasert rensemiddel som er til stede i smøreoljen,
jo høyere vil det totale basetallet bli i sluttproduktet. Således kan man si som en grov veiledning at med 1-2 vekt-% antioksydasjonsmiddel, og 16 vektdeler rensemiddel vil gi et totalt basetall på ca. 70, og 23 vekt-% rensemiddel gir et totalt basetall på ca. 100, mens det totale basetallet i det overbaserte rensemiddelet i seg selv er ca. 300. For et overbasert rensemiddel på 250 totalbasetall, så vil de tilsvarende mengder være ca. 20 vekt-% og gi et basetall på 70 og 28 vekt-% for å gi et basetall på 100.
Det er generelt foretrukket at det er mellom 75 og 85 vektdeler av smøreoljen, 15 - 25 vektdeler av overbasert rensemiddelblanding og 0,5 - 2,5 vektdeler av et antioksydasjonsmiddel, og under den forutsetning at vektforholdet mellom den overbaserte rensemiddelblanding og antioksydasjonsmiddelet er mellom 7,5:1 og 50:1, og det er videre foretrukket at nevnte vektforhold er mellom 20:1 og 30:1.
Hvis det er ønskelig kan man tilsette mindre mengder, f.eks. 0,01 - 5,0 vekt-% av et dispergeringsmiddel, f.eks. et poly-isobutenyl-ravsyreanhydrid-tetraetylenpentamin-reaksjonsprodukt, et middel mot slitasje f.eks. et primært aminsalt av ditio-fosforsyren som fremstilles ved en reaksjon mellom ?2S5°9 katekol; eller et hjelpe-overflateaktivt middel, f.eks. poly-isobutenyl-ravsyreanhydrid/nonylfenol; eller et hjelpesmøre-middel.
Eksempel 1
En smøreolje ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse ble fremstilt
ved å blande 73,2 vektdeler av en smørende olje, "Necton 78"
(som er en hydrokarbonmineralsk smøreolje fremstilt fra en naftenisk råolje og en viskositet på 13 - 68 cSt ved 100°C og en viskositetsindeks på 66), 20,8 vektdeler av et kalsiumoverbasert forsvovlet fenat med et totalt basetall på 240 (inneholdende ca. 70 vekt-% aktiv bestanddel) og 5,0 vektdeler av et natriumoverbasert reaksjonsprodukt av polysiobuten, P2S5' alkylfenol og CC>2 med et totalt basetall på 400 (inneholdende ca. 60 vekt-% aktiv bestanddel), og som antioksydant 1,0 vektdel av et nonylfenylsulfid (inneholdende ca. 80 vekt-% aktiv bestanddel). (Sammensetning I).
De fysikalske egenskaper, antioksydasjonsegeftskaper og dens egenskaper mot slitasje er angitt i tabell I og der sammenlignet med en kommersielt tilgjengelig kalsiumoverbasert olje med høy renseevne.
Smøreoljens egenskaper med hensyn til tiltetning av motoråpn-inger er angitt i tabell II og disse prøver ble utført ved en tiltetningsprøve på luftinnsugnings- eller utspylingsåpninger i en motor.
Totakts-krysshode-maskiner vil vanligvis suge luft inn i hver sylinder for forbrenning og avkjøling gjennom flere (typisk 14) åpninger i den nedre sylinderveggen. Ekshaustgassene føres fra sylinderen enten gjennom et tilsvarende tall av åpninger i den nedre sylinderveggen (sløyfeutspylingsmaskiner) eller gjennom en ekshaustventil i sylindertaket (enveis-utspylings-motorer).
Nevnte luftåpninger, da spesielt i sløyfeutspylingsmotorer
kan ofte delvis bli lukket og tiltettet av residuum som dannes av oljen, samt forbrennings- og slitasjepartikler under selve driften. I ekstreme tilfeller kan en åpning bli fullstendig
lukket. En tiltetning av den frie luftpassasjen gjennom slike åpninger kan føre til dårlig forbrenning i sylinderen.
En tiltetning av slike luftutspylingsåpninger eller innsugnings-åpninger må vanligvis undersøkes for hver 1000 til 2000 kg ved at man måler prosentvis området som er tiltettet i hver åpning og reduserer disse verdier til et enkelt midlere tall pr. sylinder.
Eksempel 2
En annen smøreolje ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse ble frem-: stilt ved å blande 67,2 vektdeler av en smørende olje "Necton 78" (som er beskrevet i eksempel 1), 5,0 vektdeler av en annen smørende olje, "Necton 60" (som er en hydrokarbonmineralsk smøreolje fremstilt fra en naftenisk råolje med en viskositet på 9,65 cSt ved 100°C og en vikositetsindeks på 70), 20,8 vektdeler av et kalsiumoverbasert forsvovlet fenat med et totalt basetall på 240 (som beskrevet ovenfor), 5.0 vektdeler av et natriumoverbasert reaksjonsprodukt av polyiosbuten<1> P-,SC, alkylfenol og C02 med et totalt basetall på 400 (også beskrevet ovenfor), og som antioksydasjonsmiddel 2,0 vektdeler av et sinkdialkyl-ditiofosfat (inneholdende ca. 70 vekt-% aktiv bestanddel).(Sammensetning II).
De fysikalske egenskaper, dets egenskaper mot oksydasjon og mot slitasje for sammensetning II er sammenlignet med komm-ersiell referanseolje i tabell I.
Eksempel 3
En tredje smøreolje ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse ble fremstilt ved å blande 67,2 vektdeler av en smørende olje "Necton 78" (beskrevet i eksempel 1), 5,0 vektdeler av en annen smør-ende olje, "Necton 60" (beskrevet i eksempel 2), 20,8 vektdeler av et kalsiumoverbasert forsvovelet fenat med et totalt basetall på 240 (beskrevet ovenfor), 5,0 vektdeler av et natriumoverbasert reaksjonsprodukt av polyisobuten, P2S5' alkyl~ fenol og CC>2 med et totalt basetall på 400 (også beskrevet ovenfor), og som antioksydasjonsmiddel 2,0 vektdeler av et ncnylfenylsulfid (som er beskrevet i eksempel 1). (Sammensetning III) .
De fysikalske egenskaper samt egenskapene mot oksydasjon og slitasje for sammensetning III er sammenlignet med den kommersielle referanseoljen i tabell I.
Eksempel 4
En fjerde smøreolje ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse ble fremstilt ved å blande 67,2 vektdeler av en smørende olje, Necton 78" (beskrevet i eksempel 1), 5,0 vektdeler av en annen smøre-olje, "Necton 60" (som er beskrevet i eksempel 2), 20,8 vektdeler av et kalsiumoverbasert forsvovlet fenat med et totalt basetall på 240 (beskrevet ovenfor), 5,0 vektdeler av et kalsiumoverbasert reaksjonsprodukt av polyisobuten, P2S5' alkylfenol og CO., med et toalt basetall på 400 (beskrevet ovenfor) og som antioksydasjonsmiddel 1,0 vektdeler av et sinkdialkyl-ditiofosfat (inneholdende ca. 70 vekt-% aktiv bestanddel) og 1,0 vektdel av et nonylfenolsulfid (som er beskrevet i eksempel 1). (Sammensetning IV).
De samme egenskaper som for de andre sammensetningene er angitt for sammensetning IV i tabell I.

Claims (4)

1. Smøreolje, karakterisert ved at den (i) inneholder 60-85 vektdeler smøreolje, 0,2-5 vektdeler av et antioksydasjonsmiddel og 15-30 vektdeler av en blanding av overbaserte rensemidler inneholdende 50 vekt-% eller mer av et gruppe Ila-metall-overbasert sovelbehandlet fenat og opptil 50 vekt-% av et gruppe Ia-metall-overbasert rensemiddel omfattende produktet av omsetningen i nærvær av karbondioksyd av (a) en alkalimetallbase med (b) et hydrokarbon, fortrinnsvis en polyolefin, inneholdende fosfor og svovel og (c) en alkylfenol eller et alkylfenolsulfid av en fortynnende olje, (ii) har et vektforhold mellom den overbaserte rensemiddelblanding og antioksydasjonsmiddel mellom 7,5:1 og 50:1, idet alle vektdeler refererer til den totale mengde aktivt stoff i additivet.
2. Smøreolje ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at den overbaserte rensemiddelblanding har et totalt basetall mellom 175 og 500, fortrinnsvis mellom 200 og 400.
3. Smøreolje ifølge krav 1 eller 2, karakterisert ved at vektforholdet mellom det overbaserte rensemiddel og antioksydasjonsmiddelet er mellom 20:1 og 30:1.
4. Smøreolje ifølge hvilket som helst av de foregående krav, karakterisert ved at den overbaserte rensemiddelblanding omfatter 80 vekt-% eller mer av gruppe Ila-metall-rensemiddelet og opptil 20 vekt-% av gruppe Ia-rensemiddelet.
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