NO116285B - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- NO116285B NO116285B NO162905A NO16290566A NO116285B NO 116285 B NO116285 B NO 116285B NO 162905 A NO162905 A NO 162905A NO 16290566 A NO16290566 A NO 16290566A NO 116285 B NO116285 B NO 116285B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- core
- platinum
- oxide
- oxides
- titanium
- Prior art date
Links
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 113
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 73
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 57
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- -1 platinum metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 118
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 46
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 39
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 27
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 24
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 229910003446 platinum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoplatinum Chemical compound [Pt]=O MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 16
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910003445 palladium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L platinum dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Pt]Cl CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000457 iridium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- HBEQXAKJSGXAIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxopalladium Chemical compound [Pd]=O HBEQXAKJSGXAIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 6
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- YKIOKAURTKXMSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N adams's catalyst Chemical compound O=[Pt]=O YKIOKAURTKXMSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 5
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 229910003450 rhodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-SNVBAGLBSA-N (S)-linalool Chemical compound CC(C)=CCC[C@](C)(O)C=C CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-SNVBAGLBSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910001514 alkali metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N linalool Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(C)(O)C=C CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- SJLOMQIUPFZJAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxorhodium Chemical compound [Rh]=O SJLOMQIUPFZJAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 4
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910001252 Pd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004210 cathodic protection Methods 0.000 description 3
- HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxoiridium Chemical compound O=[Ir]=O HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroiridium Chemical compound Cl[Ir](Cl)Cl DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000001490 (3R)-3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol Substances 0.000 description 2
- CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-JTQLQIEISA-N (R)-linalool Natural products CC(C)=CCC[C@@](C)(O)C=C CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000497 Amalgam Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YJZATOSJMRIRIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ir]=O Chemical class [Ir]=O YJZATOSJMRIRIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 2
- QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aqua regia Chemical compound Cl.O[N+]([O-])=O QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000171 lavandula angustifolia l. flower oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229930007744 linalool Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012457 nonaqueous media Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002940 palladium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Inorganic materials [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(C2=NNN=N2)=C1 KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical class [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001257 Nb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 240000004760 Pimpinella anisum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012550 Pimpinella anisum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001362 Ta alloys Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001093 Zr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JOSWYUNQBRPBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium dichromate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O JOSWYUNQBRPBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UOUJSJZBMCDAEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Cr+3].[Cr+3] UOUJSJZBMCDAEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002503 iridium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RGVLTEMOWXGQOS-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);oxalate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O RGVLTEMOWXGQOS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2] PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- INIOZDBICVTGEO-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) bromide Chemical compound Br[Pd]Br INIOZDBICVTGEO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical class OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L persulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])OOS(=O)(=O)[O-] JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001379 sodium hypophosphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000048 titanium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/091—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/091—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
- C25B11/093—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds at least one noble metal or noble metal oxide and at least one non-noble metal oxide
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB20133/65A GB1147442A (en) | 1965-05-12 | 1965-05-12 | Improvements in or relating to electrodes for electrolysis |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO116285B true NO116285B (da) | 1969-03-03 |
Family
ID=10140910
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO162905A NO116285B (da) | 1965-05-12 | 1966-05-06 |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (2) | JPS535863B1 (da) |
| AT (1) | AT279555B (da) |
| BE (1) | BE680763A (da) |
| CA (1) | CA932699A (da) |
| CH (1) | CH492480A (da) |
| DE (1) | DE1571721C3 (da) |
| DK (2) | DK127543B (da) |
| ES (1) | ES327009A1 (da) |
| FI (1) | FI44377C (da) |
| FR (1) | FR1479762A (da) |
| GB (1) | GB1147442A (da) |
| LU (1) | LU51059A1 (da) |
| NL (2) | NL6606302A (da) |
| NO (1) | NO116285B (da) |
| SE (1) | SE345396B (da) |
Families Citing this family (55)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1195871A (en) * | 1967-02-10 | 1970-06-24 | Chemnor Ag | Improvements in or relating to the Manufacture of Electrodes. |
| US3933616A (en) * | 1967-02-10 | 1976-01-20 | Chemnor Corporation | Coating of protected electrocatalytic material on an electrode |
| GB1246447A (en) * | 1967-09-26 | 1971-09-15 | Imp Metal Ind Kynoch Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of oxide-coated electrodes for use in electrolytic processes |
| US4003817A (en) * | 1967-12-14 | 1977-01-18 | Diamond Shamrock Technologies, S.A. | Valve metal electrode with valve metal oxide semi-conductive coating having a chlorine discharge in said coating |
| US4318795A (en) * | 1967-12-14 | 1982-03-09 | Diamond Shamrock Technologies S.A. | Valve metal electrode with valve metal oxide semi-conductor face and methods of carrying out electrolysis reactions |
| GB1206863A (en) * | 1968-04-02 | 1970-09-30 | Ici Ltd | Electrodes for electrochemical process |
| US3617462A (en) * | 1968-05-06 | 1971-11-02 | Ppg Industries Inc | Platinum titanium hydride bipolar electrodes |
| US4070504A (en) * | 1968-10-29 | 1978-01-24 | Diamond Shamrock Technologies, S.A. | Method of producing a valve metal electrode with valve metal oxide semi-conductor face and methods of manufacture and use |
| US3616329A (en) * | 1968-12-23 | 1971-10-26 | Engelhard Min & Chem | Anode for brine electrolysis |
| BE758770A (fr) * | 1969-11-28 | 1971-04-16 | Loftfield Richard E | Anode de dimensions stables |
| US4203810A (en) | 1970-03-25 | 1980-05-20 | Imi Marston Limited | Electrolytic process employing electrodes having coatings which comprise platinum |
| GB1351741A (en) * | 1970-03-25 | 1974-05-01 | Marston Excelsior Ltd | Electrodes |
| US3709810A (en) * | 1970-09-30 | 1973-01-09 | Gen Electric | Hydrogen ion selective sensor and electrode therefor |
| US3711397A (en) * | 1970-11-02 | 1973-01-16 | Ppg Industries Inc | Electrode and process for making same |
| CA967508A (en) * | 1970-11-02 | 1975-05-13 | Paul P. Anthony | Electrodes |
| LU63506A1 (da) * | 1971-07-09 | 1973-01-23 | ||
| US4192725A (en) | 1971-10-21 | 1980-03-11 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Electrolytic production of high purity alkali metal hydroxide |
| US3853739A (en) * | 1972-06-23 | 1974-12-10 | Electronor Corp | Platinum group metal oxide coated electrodes |
| DE2255690C3 (de) * | 1972-11-14 | 1985-01-31 | Conradty GmbH & Co Metallelektroden KG, 8505 Röthenbach | Anode für elektrochemische Prozesse |
| US4072585A (en) * | 1974-09-23 | 1978-02-07 | Diamond Shamrock Technologies S.A. | Valve metal electrode with valve metal oxide semi-conductive coating having a chlorine discharge catalyst in said coating |
| JPS5156783A (en) * | 1974-11-13 | 1976-05-18 | Tdk Electronics Co Ltd | Denkaiyodenkyoku |
| JPS5178787A (en) * | 1974-12-28 | 1976-07-08 | Tdk Electronics Co Ltd | Denkaiyodenkyoku |
| US4300992A (en) * | 1975-05-12 | 1981-11-17 | Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd. | Activated cathode |
| US3992278A (en) * | 1975-09-15 | 1976-11-16 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Electrolysis cathodes having a melt-sprayed cobalt/zirconium dioxide coating |
| JPS5393179A (en) * | 1977-01-27 | 1978-08-15 | Tdk Corp | Electrode for electrolysis and its manufacture |
| JPS5421969A (en) * | 1977-07-19 | 1979-02-19 | Tdk Corp | Method of manufacturing insoluble electrode |
| US4144147A (en) * | 1977-09-26 | 1979-03-13 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Photolysis of water using rhodate semiconductive electrodes |
| JPS5477286A (en) * | 1977-12-02 | 1979-06-20 | Tdk Corp | Manufacture of insoluble electrode |
| US4224121A (en) * | 1978-07-06 | 1980-09-23 | General Electric Company | Production of halogens by electrolysis of alkali metal halides in an electrolysis cell having catalytic electrodes bonded to the surface of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane |
| JPS54125197A (en) * | 1978-03-24 | 1979-09-28 | Berumeretsuku Denkiyoku Kk | Electrolytic electrode and its manufacture |
| US4181585A (en) * | 1978-07-03 | 1980-01-01 | The Dow Chemical Company | Electrode and method of producing same |
| US4457823A (en) * | 1978-08-08 | 1984-07-03 | General Electric Company | Thermally stabilized reduced platinum oxide electrocatalyst |
| JPS5827353B2 (ja) * | 1979-02-28 | 1983-06-08 | 大阪曹達株式会社 | 電解用陽極 |
| GB2060701B (en) | 1979-10-12 | 1983-06-08 | Diamond Shamrock Corp | Electrode coating with platinum- group metal catalyst and semiconducting polymer |
| DE2944814A1 (de) * | 1979-11-06 | 1981-05-14 | Vladimir Borisovič Busse-Mačukas | Elektrode fuer elektrochemische prozesse |
| US4360416A (en) | 1980-05-02 | 1982-11-23 | General Electric Company | Anode catalysts for electrolysis of brine |
| US4289591A (en) * | 1980-05-02 | 1981-09-15 | General Electric Company | Oxygen evolution with improved Mn stabilized catalyst |
| JPS58171589A (ja) * | 1982-03-31 | 1983-10-08 | Ishifuku Kinzoku Kogyo Kk | 電解用電極及びその製造方法 |
| DE3423605A1 (de) * | 1984-06-27 | 1986-01-09 | W.C. Heraeus Gmbh, 6450 Hanau | Verbundelektrode, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und ihre anwendung |
| WO1987005340A1 (en) | 1986-03-03 | 1987-09-11 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Method of cationic electrodeposition using dissolution resistant anodes |
| US5004626A (en) * | 1986-10-27 | 1991-04-02 | Huron Technologies, Inc. | Anodes and method of making |
| US5156726A (en) * | 1987-03-24 | 1992-10-20 | Tdk Corporation | Oxygen-generating electrode and method for the preparation thereof |
| JP2514032B2 (ja) * | 1987-05-08 | 1996-07-10 | ペルメレック電極 株式会社 | 金属の電解処理方法 |
| SE460938B (sv) * | 1988-05-31 | 1989-12-04 | Permascand Ab | Elektrod |
| DE19534534A1 (de) | 1995-09-18 | 1997-03-20 | Basf Lacke & Farben | Verfahren zur Entfernung der bei der kathodischen Elektrotauchlackierung freigesetzten Säure |
| US6162219A (en) * | 1997-10-21 | 2000-12-19 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Electrode |
| EP0911057A1 (en) | 1997-10-21 | 1999-04-28 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Spherical electrode |
| EP0911058A1 (en) | 1997-10-21 | 1999-04-28 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Spherical Electrode |
| AU2006303991A1 (en) * | 2005-10-12 | 2007-04-26 | Go Green Fuel N.A., L.P. | Internal combustion apparatus and method utilizing electrolysis cell |
| ITMI20061974A1 (it) * | 2006-10-16 | 2008-04-17 | Industrie De Nora Spa | Anodo per elettrolisi |
| CN102443818B (zh) | 2010-10-08 | 2016-01-13 | 水之星公司 | 多层混合金属氧化物电极及其制造方法 |
| CN103857831B (zh) * | 2011-10-10 | 2016-08-17 | 3M创新有限公司 | 催化剂电极及其制备和使用方法 |
| CA3091306A1 (en) | 2018-02-26 | 2019-08-29 | T&W Engineering A/S | Electrode for detecting bioelectrical signals |
| US11668017B2 (en) | 2018-07-30 | 2023-06-06 | Water Star, Inc. | Current reversal tolerant multilayer material, method of making the same, use as an electrode, and use in electrochemical processes |
| EP4353866A1 (en) | 2022-10-13 | 2024-04-17 | Titanium Technology S.L. | Mixed metal oxide coatings for titanium alloys |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2719797A (en) * | 1950-05-23 | 1955-10-04 | Baker & Co Inc | Platinizing tantalum |
| BE590159A (da) * | 1959-04-27 |
-
0
- NL NL128866D patent/NL128866C/xx active
-
1965
- 1965-05-12 GB GB20133/65A patent/GB1147442A/en not_active Expired
-
1966
- 1966-05-06 NO NO162905A patent/NO116285B/no unknown
- 1966-05-07 CA CA959887A patent/CA932699A/en not_active Expired
- 1966-05-09 BE BE680763D patent/BE680763A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1966-05-09 NL NL6606302A patent/NL6606302A/xx unknown
- 1966-05-10 DE DE1571721A patent/DE1571721C3/de not_active Expired
- 1966-05-10 LU LU51059A patent/LU51059A1/xx unknown
- 1966-05-11 ES ES327009A patent/ES327009A1/es not_active Expired
- 1966-05-11 CH CH686166A patent/CH492480A/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1966-05-11 DK DK241966AA patent/DK127543B/da unknown
- 1966-05-11 SE SE6458/66A patent/SE345396B/xx unknown
- 1966-05-12 AT AT449866A patent/AT279555B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1966-05-12 FR FR61311A patent/FR1479762A/fr not_active Expired
- 1966-05-12 FI FI661264A patent/FI44377C/fi active
-
1969
- 1969-07-18 DK DK390369AA patent/DK127956B/da unknown
-
1973
- 1973-02-23 JP JP2199973A patent/JPS535863B1/ja active Pending
-
1977
- 1977-02-18 JP JP1634877A patent/JPS5736352B1/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA932699A (en) | 1973-08-28 |
| NL6606302A (da) | 1966-11-14 |
| LU51059A1 (da) | 1966-07-11 |
| DK127543B (da) | 1973-11-26 |
| FI44377C (fi) | 1971-11-10 |
| DK127956B (da) | 1974-02-11 |
| BE680763A (da) | 1966-10-17 |
| CH492480A (de) | 1970-06-30 |
| AT279555B (de) | 1970-03-10 |
| DE1571721A1 (de) | 1970-08-20 |
| ES327009A1 (es) | 1977-06-16 |
| JPS5736352B1 (da) | 1982-08-03 |
| JPS535863B1 (da) | 1978-03-02 |
| DE1571721B2 (de) | 1973-01-25 |
| FI44377B (da) | 1971-08-02 |
| FR1479762A (fr) | 1967-05-05 |
| SE345396B (da) | 1972-05-29 |
| DE1571721C3 (de) | 1980-03-06 |
| GB1147442A (en) | 1969-04-02 |
| NL128866C (da) |
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