NL194041C - Gecoat vlak glas. - Google Patents

Gecoat vlak glas. Download PDF

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Publication number
NL194041C
NL194041C NL8602906A NL8602906A NL194041C NL 194041 C NL194041 C NL 194041C NL 8602906 A NL8602906 A NL 8602906A NL 8602906 A NL8602906 A NL 8602906A NL 194041 C NL194041 C NL 194041C
Authority
NL
Netherlands
Prior art keywords
tin oxide
thickness
coating
crystals
layer
Prior art date
Application number
NL8602906A
Other languages
English (en)
Dutch (nl)
Other versions
NL8602906A (nl
NL194041B (nl
Original Assignee
Glaverbel
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB858531424A external-priority patent/GB8531424D0/en
Priority claimed from GB8531423A external-priority patent/GB2185249B/en
Priority claimed from GB8531425A external-priority patent/GB2187184B/en
Application filed by Glaverbel filed Critical Glaverbel
Publication of NL8602906A publication Critical patent/NL8602906A/nl
Publication of NL194041B publication Critical patent/NL194041B/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of NL194041C publication Critical patent/NL194041C/nl

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
    • C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
    • C23C16/40—Oxides
    • C23C16/405—Oxides of refractory metals or yttrium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/001—General methods for coating; Devices therefor
    • C03C17/002—General methods for coating; Devices therefor for flat glass, e.g. float glass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/22—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with other inorganic material
    • C03C17/23—Oxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/22—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with other inorganic material
    • C03C17/23—Oxides
    • C03C17/245—Oxides by deposition from the vapour phase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
    • C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
    • C23C16/40—Oxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
    • C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
    • C23C16/40—Oxides
    • C23C16/407—Oxides of zinc, germanium, cadmium, indium, tin, thallium or bismuth
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
    • C23C16/453—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating passing the reaction gases through burners or torches, e.g. atmospheric pressure CVD
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
    • C03C2217/20—Materials for coating a single layer on glass
    • C03C2217/21—Oxides
    • C03C2217/211—SnO2
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
    • C03C2217/20—Materials for coating a single layer on glass
    • C03C2217/21—Oxides
    • C03C2217/212—TiO2
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
    • C03C2217/20—Materials for coating a single layer on glass
    • C03C2217/21—Oxides
    • C03C2217/23—Mixtures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
    • C03C2217/20—Materials for coating a single layer on glass
    • C03C2217/21—Oxides
    • C03C2217/24—Doped oxides
    • C03C2217/241—Doped oxides with halides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
    • C03C2217/20—Materials for coating a single layer on glass
    • C03C2217/21—Oxides
    • C03C2217/24—Doped oxides
    • C03C2217/244—Doped oxides with Sb
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2218/00—Methods for coating glass
    • C03C2218/10—Deposition methods
    • C03C2218/11—Deposition methods from solutions or suspensions
    • C03C2218/112—Deposition methods from solutions or suspensions by spraying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2218/00—Methods for coating glass
    • C03C2218/10—Deposition methods
    • C03C2218/15—Deposition methods from the vapour phase
    • C03C2218/152—Deposition methods from the vapour phase by cvd
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/913—Material designed to be responsive to temperature, light, moisture
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
    • Y10T428/261—In terms of molecular thickness or light wave length

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Re-Forming, After-Treatment, Cutting And Transporting Of Glass Products (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
NL8602906A 1985-12-20 1986-11-14 Gecoat vlak glas. NL194041C (nl)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8531425 1985-12-20
GB8531424 1985-12-20
GB8531423 1985-12-20
GB858531424A GB8531424D0 (en) 1985-12-20 1985-12-20 Coating glass
GB8531423A GB2185249B (en) 1985-12-20 1985-12-20 Apparatus for and process of coating glass
GB8531425A GB2187184B (en) 1985-12-20 1985-12-20 Process and apparatus for pyrolytically coating glass

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
NL8602906A NL8602906A (nl) 1987-07-16
NL194041B NL194041B (nl) 2001-01-02
NL194041C true NL194041C (nl) 2001-05-03

Family

ID=27262868

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
NL8602906A NL194041C (nl) 1985-12-20 1986-11-14 Gecoat vlak glas.

Country Status (15)

Country Link
US (1) US4880698A (de)
JP (1) JP2527544B2 (de)
AT (1) AT396926B (de)
BE (1) BE905732A (de)
CA (1) CA1303918C (de)
CH (1) CH670818A5 (de)
DE (1) DE3638427C2 (de)
ES (1) ES2002551A6 (de)
FR (1) FR2592032B1 (de)
GB (1) GB2185250A (de)
IT (1) IT1195835B (de)
LU (1) LU86667A1 (de)
NL (1) NL194041C (de)
NO (1) NO168762C (de)
SE (1) SE463764B (de)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6362867A (ja) * 1986-09-02 1988-03-19 Seikosha Co Ltd 有色物品
GB8624825D0 (en) * 1986-10-16 1986-11-19 Glaverbel Vehicle windows
GB8821142D0 (en) * 1988-09-09 1988-10-12 Hot Press Heat Sealing Ltd Heated vacuum mounting press
GB8824102D0 (en) * 1988-10-14 1988-11-23 Pilkington Plc Apparatus for coating glass
US6312831B1 (en) * 1999-04-30 2001-11-06 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. Highly reflective, durable titanium/tin oxide films
JP2001114533A (ja) 1999-10-20 2001-04-24 Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd 透明導電膜付きガラス板およびこれを用いたガラス物品
US20060186106A1 (en) * 2005-02-23 2006-08-24 Neville Hugh C Heat transfer apparatus
FI20060288A0 (fi) * 2006-03-27 2006-03-27 Abr Innova Oy Pinnoitusmenetelmä
US20080152804A1 (en) * 2006-07-28 2008-06-26 Gulbrandsen Chemicals, Inc. Method for depositing a metal-containing coating on a substrate
FR2934588B1 (fr) * 2008-07-30 2011-07-22 Fives Stein Procede et dispositif de realisation d'une structure sur l'une des faces d'un ruban de verre
FI20105719A0 (fi) * 2010-06-21 2010-06-21 Beneq Oy Pinnoituslaite
KR101509864B1 (ko) * 2012-11-07 2015-04-06 (주)엘지하우시스 비산 파우더 크리닝 장치

Family Cites Families (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1496590C3 (de) * 1964-10-16 1973-10-31 N.V. Philips' Gloeilampenfabrieken, Eindhoven (Niederlande) Verfahren zur Herstellung von warme reflektierenden SnO tief 2 Schichten mit reproduzierbaren optischen und elektrischen Eigenschaften auf Tragern
US3510343A (en) * 1967-07-12 1970-05-05 Ppg Industries Inc Durable metal oxide coated glass articles
GB1365492A (en) * 1971-02-05 1974-09-04 Triplex Safety Glass Co Metal oxide films
US3850665A (en) * 1971-07-08 1974-11-26 Glaverbel Process for forming a metal oxide coating on a substrate and resulting products
ZA735383B (en) * 1972-12-15 1975-03-26 Ppg Industries Inc Coating composition vaporizer
IT996924B (it) * 1972-12-21 1975-12-10 Glaverbel Procedimento per formare uno strato di ossido metallico
DE2310726C2 (de) * 1973-03-03 1984-02-16 Wartenberg, Erwin W., Dipl.-Chem. Dr., 7000 Stuttgart Verfahren zur Erhöhung der mechanischen Festigkeit von Gegenständen aus Glas, Keramik und dgl.
US4322477A (en) * 1975-09-15 1982-03-30 Trw, Inc. Electrical resistor material, resistor made therefrom and method of making the same
GB1523991A (en) * 1976-04-13 1978-09-06 Bfg Glassgroup Coating of glass
US4265974A (en) * 1976-11-01 1981-05-05 Gordon Roy G Electrically conductive, infrared reflective, transparent coatings of stannic oxide
CA1138725A (en) * 1978-07-20 1983-01-04 Robert Terneu Glass coating
IT1143298B (it) * 1980-01-31 1986-10-22 Bfg Glassgroup Procedimento e dispositivo per ricoprire il vetro
IT1143299B (it) * 1980-01-31 1986-10-22 Bfg Glassgroup Procedimento e dispositivo per ricoprire il vetro
IT1143300B (it) * 1980-01-31 1986-10-22 Bfg Glassgroup Procedimento e dispositivo per ricoprire il vetro
IT1143301B (it) * 1980-01-31 1986-10-22 Bfg Glassgroup Procedimento e dispositivo per ricoprire il vetro
IT1143302B (it) * 1980-01-31 1986-10-22 Bfg Glassgroup Procedimento e dispositivo per ricoprire il vetro
GB2078710B (en) * 1980-06-20 1984-01-25 Bfg Glassgroup Forming a metal or metal compound coating on thermally homogenised glass
LU83192A1 (fr) * 1981-03-05 1981-06-24 Bfg Glassgroup Procede et dispositif de formation d'un revetement sur un substrat de verre chaud par mise en contact du substrat avec un courant de reactif incline dont la temperature est influencee par un courant de gaz prechauffe
GB2139612B (en) * 1983-05-13 1987-03-11 Glaverbel Coating a hot vitreous substrate
GB2142621B (en) * 1983-06-17 1987-03-18 Glaverbel Coating hot glass with metals or metal compounds especially oxides
FR2550138B1 (fr) * 1983-08-04 1985-10-11 Saint Gobain Vitrage Vitrage a basse emissivite, notamment pour vehicules
GB2156338B (en) * 1984-03-29 1987-07-22 Pilkington Brothers Plc Coating process
US4548836A (en) * 1985-02-25 1985-10-22 Ford Motor Company Method of making an infrared reflective glass sheet-II

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH670818A5 (de) 1989-07-14
DE3638427C2 (de) 1999-02-25
LU86667A1 (fr) 1987-06-26
SE8604887L (sv) 1987-06-21
FR2592032A1 (fr) 1987-06-26
GB8624827D0 (en) 1986-11-19
CA1303918C (en) 1992-06-23
NO864096D0 (no) 1986-10-14
NL8602906A (nl) 1987-07-16
GB2185250A (en) 1987-07-15
SE463764B (sv) 1991-01-21
AT396926B (de) 1993-12-27
ES2002551A6 (es) 1988-08-16
NO168762B (no) 1991-12-23
GB2185250B (de) 1989-10-18
NL194041B (nl) 2001-01-02
ATA304286A (de) 1993-05-15
SE8604887D0 (sv) 1986-11-14
IT8667826A0 (it) 1986-11-05
DE3638427A1 (de) 1987-07-02
IT1195835B (it) 1988-10-27
FR2592032B1 (fr) 1990-06-22
NO864096L (no) 1987-06-22
BE905732A (fr) 1987-05-12
JPS62158137A (ja) 1987-07-14
NO168762C (no) 1992-04-01
JP2527544B2 (ja) 1996-08-28
US4880698A (en) 1989-11-14

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Effective date: 20061114