NL1021362A1 - Katalysator- en oplosmiddelsamenstelling en katalysewerkwijzen waarbij deze samenstelling wordt toegepast. - Google Patents
Katalysator- en oplosmiddelsamenstelling en katalysewerkwijzen waarbij deze samenstelling wordt toegepast.Info
- Publication number
- NL1021362A1 NL1021362A1 NL1021362A NL1021362A NL1021362A1 NL 1021362 A1 NL1021362 A1 NL 1021362A1 NL 1021362 A NL1021362 A NL 1021362A NL 1021362 A NL1021362 A NL 1021362A NL 1021362 A1 NL1021362 A1 NL 1021362A1
- Authority
- NL
- Netherlands
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- composition
- processes
- solvent
- solvent composition
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 title 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0277—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature
- B01J31/0278—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature containing nitrogen as cationic centre
- B01J31/0281—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature containing nitrogen as cationic centre the nitrogen being a ring member
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0215—Sulfur-containing compounds
- B01J31/0225—Sulfur-containing compounds comprising sulfonic acid groups or the corresponding salts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0277—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature
- B01J31/0287—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature containing atoms other than nitrogen as cationic centre
- B01J31/0288—Phosphorus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0277—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature
- B01J31/0287—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature containing atoms other than nitrogen as cationic centre
- B01J31/0289—Sulfur
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
- C07C2/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons
- C07C2/04—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation
- C07C2/06—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation of alkenes, i.e. acyclic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C07C2/08—Catalytic processes
- C07C2/26—Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
- C07C2/54—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition of unsaturated hydrocarbons to saturated hydrocarbons or to hydrocarbons containing a six-membered aromatic ring with no unsaturation outside the aromatic ring
- C07C2/56—Addition to acyclic hydrocarbons
- C07C2/58—Catalytic processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/20—Olefin oligomerisation or telomerisation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/30—Addition reactions at carbon centres, i.e. to either C-C or C-X multiple bonds
- B01J2231/32—Addition reactions to C=C or C-C triple bonds
- B01J2231/323—Hydrometalation, e.g. bor-, alumin-, silyl-, zirconation or analoguous reactions like carbometalation, hydrocarbation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/50—Redistribution or isomerisation reactions of C-C, C=C or C-C triple bonds
- B01J2231/52—Isomerisation reactions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2531/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- C07C2531/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- C07C2531/025—Sulfonic acids
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0111398A FR2829039B1 (fr) | 2001-08-31 | 2001-08-31 | Composition de catalyseur et de solvant pour des procedes de catalyse acide |
FR0111398 | 2001-08-31 | ||
FR0207454A FR2829131B1 (fr) | 2001-08-31 | 2002-06-17 | Procede pour la dimerisation de l'isobutene |
FR0207454 | 2002-06-17 | ||
FR0209921A FR2829133B1 (fr) | 2001-08-31 | 2002-08-05 | Procede d'alkylation des olefines par les isoparaffines |
FR0209920 | 2002-08-05 | ||
FR0209920A FR2829132B1 (fr) | 2001-08-31 | 2002-08-05 | Procede pour l'oligomerisation des olefines |
FR0209921 | 2002-08-05 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NL1021362A1 true NL1021362A1 (nl) | 2003-03-03 |
NL1021362C2 NL1021362C2 (nl) | 2003-08-05 |
Family
ID=27445941
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NL1021362A NL1021362C2 (nl) | 2001-08-31 | 2002-08-30 | Katalysator- en oplosmiddelsamenstelling en katalysewerkwijzen waarbij deze samenstelling wordt toegepast. |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7256152B2 (nl) |
JP (1) | JP4273256B2 (nl) |
GB (1) | GB2383962B (nl) |
NL (1) | NL1021362C2 (nl) |
Families Citing this family (61)
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EP1402950A1 (en) * | 2002-09-25 | 2004-03-31 | Haldor Topsoe A/S | Catalyst and process of paraffin hydrocarbon conversion |
CN103172558A (zh) * | 2003-07-17 | 2013-06-26 | 诺瓦提斯公司 | 离子型液体与路易斯酸的混合物 |
JP4769422B2 (ja) * | 2004-02-27 | 2011-09-07 | 出光興産株式会社 | 内部オレフィンの製造方法 |
US7432408B2 (en) * | 2004-12-21 | 2008-10-07 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Integrated alkylation process using ionic liquid catalysts |
US7432409B2 (en) * | 2004-12-21 | 2008-10-07 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Alkylation process using chloroaluminate ionic liquid catalysts |
KR101147480B1 (ko) | 2005-03-04 | 2012-05-21 | 주식회사 씨트리 | 친수성 이온성 액체의 제조방법 |
AU2006273810A1 (en) * | 2005-07-27 | 2007-02-01 | Bp P.L.C. | Dehydration process |
DE102005036457A1 (de) * | 2005-08-03 | 2007-02-08 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Dehydratisierung von Alkoholen zu Alkenen |
US20070100181A1 (en) * | 2005-10-27 | 2007-05-03 | Harmer Mark A | Olefin isomerization |
US20070100192A1 (en) * | 2005-10-27 | 2007-05-03 | Harmer Mark A | Olefin isomerization |
US7572944B2 (en) * | 2005-12-20 | 2009-08-11 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Process for making and composition of superior lubricant or lubricant blendstock |
US7572943B2 (en) * | 2005-12-20 | 2009-08-11 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Alkylation of oligomers to make superior lubricant or fuel blendstock |
US7449596B2 (en) * | 2005-12-21 | 2008-11-11 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Method of making a synthetic petroleum sulfonate |
US8524965B2 (en) * | 2005-12-21 | 2013-09-03 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Method of making an alkylated aromatic using acidic ionic liquid catalyst |
WO2007083756A1 (ja) * | 2006-01-20 | 2007-07-26 | Juridical Foundation Osaka Industrial Promotion Organization | 電子顕微鏡用チャージアップ防止液状媒体、及びそれを用いた試料観察方法 |
DE102006005103A1 (de) * | 2006-02-04 | 2007-08-09 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Oxonium- und Sulfoniumsalze |
US7732651B2 (en) * | 2006-06-01 | 2010-06-08 | Chevron Oronite Company, Llc | Method of making an alkylated aromoatic using acidic ionic liquid catalyst |
US7531707B2 (en) | 2006-12-13 | 2009-05-12 | Chevron U.S.A., Inc | Alkylation process using an alkyl halide promoted ionic liquid catalyst |
US7553999B2 (en) * | 2006-12-14 | 2009-06-30 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Isomerization of butene in the ionic liquid-catalyzed alkylation of light isoparaffins and olefins |
US8778689B1 (en) | 2007-05-23 | 2014-07-15 | The University Of The West Indies | Synthesis and use of chiral ionic liquids |
US7988747B2 (en) * | 2007-10-31 | 2011-08-02 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Production of low sulphur alkylate gasoline fuel |
US8143467B2 (en) * | 2007-12-18 | 2012-03-27 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Process for synthetic lubricant production |
US8105481B2 (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2012-01-31 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Reduction of organic halide contamination in hydrocarbon products |
US7956230B2 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2011-06-07 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Reduction of organic halide contamination in hydrocarbon products |
US7955999B2 (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2011-06-07 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | System and apparatus for ionic liquid catalyst regeneration |
US8183425B2 (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2012-05-22 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Ionic liquid catalyst alkylation using split reactant streams |
US7732364B2 (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2010-06-08 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Process for ionic liquid catalyst regeneration |
US8198499B2 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2012-06-12 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Ionic liquid catalyzed alkylation process employing nozzles and system implementing such process |
US20100126948A1 (en) * | 2008-11-26 | 2010-05-27 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Filtering process and system to remove aici3 particulates from ionic liquid |
US8067656B2 (en) * | 2008-11-26 | 2011-11-29 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Liquid-liquid separation process via coalescers |
US7955498B2 (en) * | 2008-12-16 | 2011-06-07 | Chevron, U.S.A. Inc. | Reduction of organic halide contamination in hydrocarbon products |
US8012899B2 (en) * | 2008-12-23 | 2011-09-06 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Recycling of ionic liquid catalyst |
US8067329B2 (en) * | 2009-04-30 | 2011-11-29 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Boron-based catalysts |
US20100331599A1 (en) * | 2009-06-09 | 2010-12-30 | Bala Subramaniam | Alkylation catalyzed by binary mixtures of acid and ionic liquid |
CN101619010B (zh) * | 2009-07-17 | 2013-04-03 | 中国石油大学(北京) | 再生和维持离子液体催化剂的活性及生产烷基化油的方法 |
EP2454346A1 (en) * | 2009-07-17 | 2012-05-23 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Method for revamping an hf or sulphuric acid alkylation unit and method for the procduction of alkylate |
US20110092753A1 (en) * | 2009-10-19 | 2011-04-21 | Bi-Zeng Zhan | Hydroisomerization and selective hydrogenation of feedstock in ionic liquid-catalyzed alkylation |
US20110105811A1 (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2011-05-05 | O'rear Dennis J | Production of distillate blending components |
US8729329B2 (en) | 2010-06-28 | 2014-05-20 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Supported liquid phase ionic liquid catalyst process |
CN102443418B (zh) * | 2010-10-12 | 2014-04-02 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | 以三氟乙醇调和的超强酸为催化剂制备高效烷基化油的方法 |
TWI546278B (zh) * | 2011-08-23 | 2016-08-21 | 信實工業有限公司 | 用於製備烷基化芳香烴的方法 |
FR2980194B1 (fr) | 2011-09-20 | 2013-08-23 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Procede de separation du butene-2 d'une coupe c4 contenant du butene-2 et du butene-1 par oligomerisation selective du butene-1 |
FR2983091B1 (fr) * | 2011-11-30 | 2013-11-08 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Composition catalytique et procede pour la dimerisation selective de l'isobutene |
FR2983090A1 (fr) * | 2011-11-30 | 2013-05-31 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Composition catalytique contenant une fonction acide et procede pour la dimerisation selective de l'isobutene |
US10815168B2 (en) * | 2012-07-11 | 2020-10-27 | Basf Se | Chemical conversion process in a dispersion |
US9096483B2 (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2015-08-04 | Uop Llc | Catalytic isomerization of hexanes using ionic liquids |
US9102578B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2015-08-11 | Uop Llc | Catalytic isomerization of paraffins using ionic liquids |
RU2652406C2 (ru) * | 2014-02-07 | 2018-04-27 | Сауди Бейсик Индастриз Корпорейшн | Удаление ароматических примесей из потока алкенов при помощи кислотного катализатора, такого как кислота льюиса |
EP3102651A1 (en) | 2014-02-07 | 2016-12-14 | Saudi Basic Industries Corporation | Removal of aromatic impurities from an alkene stream using an acid catalyst |
RU2686693C2 (ru) | 2014-02-07 | 2019-04-30 | Сауди Бейсик Индастриз Корпорейшн | Удаление ароматических примесей из потока алкенов при помощи кислотного катализатора, такого как кислотная ионная жидкость |
US9328037B2 (en) | 2014-07-09 | 2016-05-03 | Uop Llc | Benzene alkylation using acidic ionic liquids |
US10435491B2 (en) | 2015-08-19 | 2019-10-08 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Method for making polyalphaolefins using ionic liquid catalyzed oligomerization of olefins |
US9707549B1 (en) | 2016-05-26 | 2017-07-18 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Ethylene oligomerization catalyst systems using chemically-treated solid oxides |
EP3490705B1 (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2023-08-30 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Catalysts for making acrylic acid from lactic acid or its derivatives in liquid phase |
CN106832242B (zh) * | 2017-01-17 | 2018-09-14 | 哈尔滨工业大学无锡新材料研究院 | 一种聚酯合成用催化剂及其制备方法 |
US10301233B2 (en) | 2017-07-03 | 2019-05-28 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Natural gas liquid upgrading by ionic liquid catalyzed alkylation |
US10486131B2 (en) | 2017-10-26 | 2019-11-26 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Integrated reactor system for ionic liquid-catalyzed hydrocarbon conversion |
CN111018651A (zh) * | 2019-12-13 | 2020-04-17 | 福州大学 | 一种轻烃低温制芳烃的方法 |
CN111423303A (zh) * | 2020-04-16 | 2020-07-17 | 福州大学 | 一种低温芳构化方法 |
CN111500313B (zh) * | 2020-04-28 | 2022-04-29 | 青岛科技大学 | 一种催化制备烷基化汽油的方法 |
CN112495431B (zh) * | 2020-11-24 | 2022-02-11 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | 一种多位点离子液体温和催化合成环状碳酸酯的方法 |
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DE19756945C2 (de) * | 1997-12-22 | 2000-08-03 | Celanese Chem Europe Gmbh | Nichtwäßrige ionogene Ligandflüssigkeiten, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung als Katalysatorbestandteil |
JP2002520452A (ja) * | 1998-07-16 | 2002-07-09 | ユニベーション・テクノロジーズ・エルエルシー | オレフィン重合用のアルミニウム系ルイス酸助触媒 |
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DE19919494A1 (de) * | 1999-04-29 | 2000-11-02 | Celanese Chem Europe Gmbh | Ionische Flüssigkeiten, ihre Herstellung und ihre Verwendung |
GB9928290D0 (en) * | 1999-12-01 | 2000-01-26 | Univ Belfast | Process for preparing ambient temperature ionic liquids |
AU2001229670B2 (en) * | 2000-01-18 | 2005-04-07 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Acid addition salts of imidazolidinones as reaction catalysts |
DE10003708A1 (de) * | 2000-01-28 | 2001-08-02 | Solvent Innovation Gmbh | Neuartige chirale ionische Flüssigkeiten und Verfahren zu ihrer Darstellung in enantiomerenreiner oder enantiomerenangereicherter Form |
FR2808268B1 (fr) * | 2000-04-26 | 2002-08-30 | Atofina | Liquides ioniques derives d'acides de lewis a base de titane, niobium, tantale, etain ou antimoine, et leurs applications |
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US6288281B1 (en) * | 2000-11-16 | 2001-09-11 | Uop Llc | Direct carbonylation of paraffins using an ionic liquid catalyst |
FR2819806B1 (fr) * | 2001-01-24 | 2003-04-04 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede ameliore pour l'hydroformylation de composes olefiniquement insatures dans un solvant ionique non-aqueux |
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DE10303931B4 (de) * | 2002-02-04 | 2013-04-18 | Institut Français du Pétrole | Katalytische Zusammensetzung zur Dimerisierung, Co-Dimerisierung, Oligomerisierung und Polymerisation der Olefine |
FR2838431B1 (fr) * | 2002-04-11 | 2005-05-06 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede d'hydroformylation mettant en oeuvre un catalyseur a base de cobalt dans un liquide ionique non-aqueux avec un recyclage du catalyseur ameliore |
FR2839972B1 (fr) * | 2002-05-23 | 2005-08-19 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede de carbonylation des alcools utilisant un catalyseur a base de rhodium ou d'iridium dans un liquide ionique non-aqueux,avec un recyclage efficace du catalyseur |
FR2840916B1 (fr) * | 2002-06-17 | 2004-08-20 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede d'elimination des composes soufres et azotes de coupes hydrocarbonees |
EP1403236A1 (en) * | 2002-09-25 | 2004-03-31 | Haldor Topsoe A/S | Process of paraffin hydrocarbon isomerisation catalysed by an ionic liquid in the presence of a cyclic hydrocarbon additive |
-
2002
- 2002-08-30 NL NL1021362A patent/NL1021362C2/nl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-08-30 GB GB0220196A patent/GB2383962B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-09-02 JP JP2002256703A patent/JP4273256B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-09-03 US US10/232,837 patent/US7256152B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7256152B2 (en) | 2007-08-14 |
JP4273256B2 (ja) | 2009-06-03 |
GB2383962B (en) | 2005-06-01 |
NL1021362C2 (nl) | 2003-08-05 |
JP2003154276A (ja) | 2003-05-27 |
GB2383962A (en) | 2003-07-16 |
US20030060359A1 (en) | 2003-03-27 |
GB0220196D0 (en) | 2002-10-09 |
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