LU101145A1 - Method and kit for placement of facade elements - Google Patents

Abstract

In a first aspect, the invention relates to a method for placing and supporting a fagade element, comprising placing a substantially L-shaped support profile, supporting the fagade element on the support profile, and the application of an insulation layer, center and along the support profile.In particular, the cited support profile mainly comprises a fiberglass-reinforced synthetic material. The invention further relates to a kit for use in the method, and a fagade structure, which fagade structure is for example obtained by applying the precede.

Description

METHOD AND KIT FOR PLACING FACADE ELEMENTS

TECHNICAL AREA

The invention relates to methods for placing and supporting facade elements, for example for placing and supporting window modules and thresholds, and furthermore to devices (eg supporting elements). , intended for use in such processes.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Numerous methods and devices for placing and supporting facade elements are known from the state of the art.

Document DE 10 2004 038 246 A1 describes the support of a window module above a layer of non-loadbearing insulation. To this end, an oblong, coated support element is provided, with a mounting elbow (for example, made of aluminum or recycled synthetic material) which is fixed against a load-bearing interior wall. As a result, the mounting elbow can support the window module. The support element is also provided with a piece of PUR foam in the shape of a parallelepiped, which runs along the inside along the mounting elbow. One drawback is that such support elements can cause thermal bridges. In addition, due to the relative complexity of the structure, the manufacturing costs are high.

Document DE 20 2012 002 491 U1 also describes an oblong support element with a first face for mounting against a load-bearing wall, and with a second face for supporting, for example, a window module. The support element is attached downwards to the facade insulation. Preferably, the support member is made using hard polyurethane foam. Typically, however, such a material has only low hardness, so that the support member is not sufficiently able to withstand point loads. In addition, it is a relatively expensive material. Optionally, the interior of the foam material is reinforced with thermally insulating plastic elements, which further increases manufacturing costs. In addition, the support element constitutes an oblique interruption in the facade insulation.

Finally, document WO 2017 048 144 A1 also describes a profile for the placement of windows and doors. The profile in question comprises an angle, preferably made of steel, with end edges folded upwards, inside which a support is embedded. The volume thus enclosed is further provided with a filling material, for example a synthetic foam or a composite based on carbon fiber. The profile again constitutes a transverse interruption in the facade insulation. In addition, its structure is very complex, with a high manufacturing cost as a consequence.

The ease with which a facade element and possible supporting elements can be placed, as well as the cost of the material and the manufacturing cost of the supporting elements are some important features associated with the above. The facade element must also be attached to the facade in an airtight, soundproofed, watertight and windtight manner, avoiding thermal bridges. For the solidity and durability of the placement, the facade elements must also have a sufficiently high hardness, rigidity, solidity, resistance and durability.

The trend to increase the insulation coefficient of walls, and to provide increasingly large and heavy window modules, requires the development of new methods and support elements, for the placement and support of these facade elements. It is also important that they are placed in accordance with the regulations in force. For example, almost all construction and transformation projects in Flanders must comply with the PEB energy performance regulations.

The present invention aims to provide an improved method, as well as a kit with improved support elements, for example for use in the method where it is remedied one or more of the problems mentioned above.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

To this end, the invention provides, according to a first aspect, a method according to claim 1, for the placement and support of a facade element. The method comprises the steps (a) of placing a substantially L-shaped support profile with a flat wing and a standing wing, (b) supporting the facade element on the support profile, and (c) applying an insulating layer against and along the support profile. In particular, the support profile essentially comprises a synthetic material reinforced with glass fibers, preferably a polyester reinforced with glass fibers.

For example, this material has a low density and a low coefficient of thermal conductivity. In addition, it has high hardness, high flexural strength and high flexural rigidity. The wall thickness of the support profile can therefore be chosen to be relatively thin, the support profile still providing sufficient support for the facade element. The minimalist design with a standing wing for attachment, and a recumbent wing for support, results in a support profile of minimum mass and minimum volume. This is advantageous during storage, transport and installation.

The installed support profile is at least partially covered by the insulation layer, and is preferably tightly attached to the insulation. It is only along the upper edge that the insulation layer is cut at least partially, and by the lying wing of the support profile. However, given the very small wall thickness and the very small coefficient of thermal conductivity, no thermal bridge will result. In principle, it is not necessary to cover this cut at the front with insulating material. The invention makes it possible in this regard to support a facade element in a simple manner above a non-load-bearing insulation layer, from a load-bearing layer.

Optionally, the support profile is mechanically fixed to the support layer. In particular, it is possible to form a drilled hole in a single operation, through the standing wing of the support profile and into the supporting layer. For example, a vibration drilling tool with a stone spindle or a concrete drill is used for this purpose. This allows a very simple installation, which does not require a special drilling tool, for drilling the support profile and the carrier layer.

According to other aspects, the invention also relates to a kit according to claim 11, and a facade structure according to claim 17.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Figures IA and IB show schematic cross sections of facade elements, near their support point on a support profile essentially L-shaped, according to two possible embodiments.

Figure 2 shows a schematic exploded drawing of a support profile provided with a bent support piece, according to a possible embodiment of the invention.

Figures 3A-C show perspective views of a partially cut facade structure with a window module and a window sill (for example, blue stone), according to a possible embodiment of the invention.

Figures 4A-C show perspective views of a partially cut facade structure with a window module and an aluminum window sill, according to another possible embodiment of the invention.

Figures 5A and 5B show cross sections of facade structures, according to possible embodiments of the invention.

Figures 6A and 6B show two perspective views of a partially cut facade structure with a window module at ground level, according to possible embodiments of the invention.

Figure 6C also shows a cross section of a facade structure according to a possible embodiment.

Figure 7 shows, schematically, the fixing of a support profile against a load-bearing layer, according to a possible embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a method and a kit for placing and supporting a facade element and, in addition, to a facade structure, which facade structure is for example obtained by application of the method, and / or by using the kit.

Unless defined otherwise, all the terms which are used in the description of the invention, including the technical and scientific terms, have the meaning as it is generally understood by a person skilled in the art in the technical field of the invention. . For a better appreciation of the description of the invention, the following terms are explicitly explained.

Un / une, le / la makes reference in this document to both singular and plural forms, unless the context clearly requires it.

When approximately is used in the present document with regard to a measurable quantity, a parameter, a duration or a moment in time, and another quantity of this kind, one hears variations of + / -20% or less, preferably +/- 10% or less, more preferably +/- 5% or less, even more preferably +/- 1% or less, and even more preferably +/- 0.1% or less than and of the value quoted, insofar as such variations are applicable in the invention described. It should however be understood here that the value of the quantity for which the term approximately is used is itself disclosed in a specific manner.

The terms understand, include, consist of, consisting of, provided with, contain, contain, contain, comprise, are synonymous and are inclusive or open terms that indicate the presence of the following, and that do not exclude or not prevent the presence of other components, characteristics, elements, members, steps, known to or described in the prior art.

Citation of numerical intervals using endpoints includes all whole numbers, fractions and / or real numbers between endpoints, including these endpoints.

In a first aspect, the invention relates to a method for placing and supporting a facade element inside a wall opening, which wall opening is provided for this purpose in a multilayer wall comprising at least one layer. carrier and an insulation layer, the method comprising: (a) placing, against and along the carrier layer, a substantially L-shaped support profile, which support profile includes a standing wing for attachment against the supporting layer, and in addition a lying wing for the support of the facade element, (b) the support of the facade element on the support profile, the support profile along a lower edge of the façade element, and (c) applying the insulation layer against and along the bearing layer and the standing wing of the support profile. In particular, the cited support profile essentially comprises a synthetic material reinforced with glass fibers.

Glass fiber reinforced plastics are known per se; typically, they include glass fibers which are embedded in a plastic matrix. The synthetic material in question may for example comprise one or more thermosets, such as an epoxy resin, polyester and / or vinyl ester, but without being limited in any way. Optionally, the material further comprises other materials, for example one or more additives, fillers and the like. In a preferred embodiment, the support profile essentially comprises polyester reinforced with glass fibers or an epoxy resin reinforced with glass fibers, and, more preferably, essentially polyester reinforced with glass fibers.

In addition, the term facade element, as used throughout this document, can refer to any piece of exterior carpentry. A window module (for example with a wooden, PVC or aluminum frame), a door module and a window or door sill (for example, blue stone) are some non-limiting examples of elements of facade. The invention is not limited to any of them. In particular, it relates to the placement of such facade elements in a facade structure, and preferably in a manner accepted by the PEB. The facade structure also comprises a multilayer wall, with at least one load-bearing layer and an insulation layer. Optionally, the wall is also provided with an outer layer. A hollow wall, known per se to those skilled in the art, is an example of such a three-layer wall.

The load-bearing layer can be made with masonry made of stony material such as perforated brick, concrete blocks (for example, aerated concrete), sand-lime brick and / or Argex blocks. The insulation layer may include an air gap. Typically, it contains at least one layer of fitted insulating material (for example, mutually adjacent insulating plates), which layer extends along the carrier layer. A possible exterior layer may include a coating of wood or facade plates, or a finishing of sheet steel. In place of this, additional masonry can also be provided. Alternatively, the insulation layer also acts as an outer layer. The invention is not limited to any of these embodiments. Naturally, the invention is not limited in any way to either two-layer or three-layer walls.

In each case, the wall is provided with a wall opening which passes through the load-bearing layer and the insulation layer. Such a wall opening may be rectangular, but this is in no way necessarily the case. The invention provides a method and a kit for placing a facade element inside this wall opening. Optionally, the facade element can already be placed inside a partially finished facade structure, for example before the edges of the wall opening have been completely formed.

The placed façade element (for example, a window module) closes the cited wall opening, at least in a thermally insulating manner. Typically, the facade element is provided at least for part in the plane of the insulation layer, therefore at least partially in alignment with the insulation layer. The lower edge of the facade element must also be supported in the wall opening, at an upper edge of the insulation layer. However, the insulation layer is usually unsuitable for supporting the facade element. The present invention provides for this purpose a support profile to support the facade element, preferably at least partially above the insulation layer, and from the carrier layer.

It should be emphasized that the carrier layer and the insulation layer can have several functions. For example, typically the carrier layer will also provide thermal insulation (albeit limited). In addition, the insulation layer can also have a structural / load-bearing function. Typically, however, the insulating layer is not in itself suitable for fully supporting the support member.

The cited support element is an essentially L-shaped support profile, with a standing wing which is fixed against the supporting layer, and with a lying wing which supports the facade element, preferably at least in part at - above the insulation layer. The insulation layer is somehow bypassed or surmounted, using the lying wing. Preferably, this lying wing surmounts at least 50% of the insulation layer, more preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, more preferably more than 70%, preferably still at least 80%. Optionally, the lying wing of the support element protrudes as far as in front of the insulation layer. Preferably, the facade element is arranged on and along an end edge of the support profile.

Preferably, the support profile runs along the carrier layer, along a lower edge of the facade element, along an upper edge of the insulation layer, and / or along the width of the opening. wall. Such a support profile distributes the load of the facade element at least over part of the width of the wall opening. This is particularly advantageous in the case of a load-bearing layer which is not hard enough to withstand heavy point loads, for example masonry of perforated brick, concrete blocks, sand-lime brick and / or concrete blocks. 'Argex. The facade element is now placed on the support profile in a load-bearing manner. In other words, the facade element is supported at least partially by the support profile. Preferably, the profile is suitable for supporting at least twice the weight of the facade element, more preferably at least five times.

In another step of the method, at least part of the insulation layer is applied against and along the supporting layer and against and along the standing wing of the support profile. Preferably, this part forms, together with the rest of the insulation layer, an essentially uninterrupted assembly, or at least a set of mutually adjusted components, which extends over the entire wall. For example, possible insulation plates fit tightly together, for example via PUR assemblies. and / or tongue and groove assemblies. Optionally, any seams are further covered with films, as is known to those skilled in the art.

Preferably, the insulation layer is applied as far as the standing wing of the support profile, and almost as far as against the lying wing of the support profile. Optionally, an air gap between the lying wing on the one hand, and the upper edge of the insulation layer, on the other hand, is clogged with fillers such as PUR. Preferably, the insulation forms a narrow junction, waterproof, windproof, soundproofed and heatproof on the support profile. This is important to avoid, in particular, thermal bridges. However, the lying wing still forms a breakthrough, through the insulation layer. Such a breakthrough could constitute a thermal bridge, as is known to those skilled in the art.

The invention now provides a support profile which essentially comprises a glass fiber reinforced synthetic material, and more preferably, a glass fiber reinforced polyester. Such high-quality profiles can be easily produced, for example by pultrusion. In addition, the glass fiber reinforced synthetic material combines a relatively low density with excellent mechanical characteristics. A sufficiently strong support profile will have a relatively low weight, which is advantageous during transport and during installation. Such profiles can also be machined easily; for example, by sawing (with a diamond abrasive disc) and / or drilling (with a stone spindle or a concrete drill). In addition, the material is very durable. It does not absorb moisture and therefore hardly expands, and it cannot rot or corrode. The glass fiber reinforced synthetic material is also chemically inert. It is therefore resistant in particular to acid rain, and to alkaline substances which come from a possible masonry.

Due to the excellent mechanical characteristics of the glass fiber reinforced synthetic material (and in particular the glass fiber reinforced polyester), the thickness of the wall of the support profile can be chosen to be relatively thin, for example less than 25 mm. . Sufficiently high bending stiffness and bending strength are also guaranteed. The aforementioned breakthrough is therefore also relatively thin. Added to this is the fact that the glass fiber reinforced plastic typically has a very low coefficient of thermal conductivity. The breakthrough of the insulation layer therefore has a sufficiently high thermal resistance, so that it will not cause a thermal bridge. The standing wing of the support profile can also be chosen to be relatively thin. The part of the insulation layer which covers the standing wing (at least partially) is therefore only slightly thinner, providing a comparable insulation coefficient. Optionally, the method also includes the step of removing a strip of insulation material, in which the standing wing is made. For example, this strip has a maximum thickness of 25 mm. The insulation material is easily cut / sawn, for example using a heated wire. Optionally, an air gap between the two is filled with PUR. Preferably, the insulating layer is continuous along the supporting layer, up to at least partially on the standing wing. The good junction between the support profile and the insulation layer ensures better water, wind, heat and soundproofing. In this respect, it is particularly advantageous for the support profile to form an interior angle, the insulating layer in one piece adjusting to this interior angle, and fitting closely to the support profile.

Lean on, provided against, provided along, follow, apply against, apply along, fix against and expressions like this should be understood here in a broad sense. In particular, the elements concerned must not be in direct contact. For example, as is known per se to those skilled in the art, sealing means (for example, sealing strips, adhesive sealing tapes, sealing plates, sealing films, sealing foams, and other such means) can still be provided between the elements concerned. Such sealing means can in particular have an insulating function.

In addition, it is also possible that one or more other support profiles are provided, for lateral support of the facade element, and / or for support of the facade element from the top. Optionally, these are support profiles of the same type as that described above.

According to another or alternative embodiment, the support profile has a wall thickness of maximum 25 mm, more preferably still of maximum 20 mm, more preferably still of maximum 15 mm, more preferably still of maximum 12 mm, more preferably still at least 1 mm, more preferably at least 2 mm.

According to another or alternative embodiment, the support profile is fixed at least mechanically to the support layer, including the formation of a hole drilled through the support profile, up to the interior of the support layer. Suitable fixing means for fixing the support elements are known from the state of the art. Preferably, metallic fixing means are used, with a fixing head which is inserted on the internal face of the support profile, against the standing wing, and with a fixing body which penetrates through the drilled hole, up to inside the carrier layer. Preferably, the metal fixing heads are also covered with a single-layer insulation layer, so that they cannot cause thermal bridges.

Typically, the supporting layer is made of hard, stony material, so that a drilled hole is preferably formed using a stone spindle or a concrete drill. Synthetic material reinforced with glass fibers can, given its high hardness, also be easily pierced using the same stone spindle / concrete drill bit. Preferably, a vibration drilling tool is used for this purpose, but this is not necessarily the case. A hole drilled through both the support profile and the carrier layer can therefore be easily formed in a single operation. In addition, there is no need to form the holes drilled separately and then align them. It is especially in the case of several fixing elements per support profile that this would be very complicated.

Stone pins and concrete drills are not suitable for drilling through metals, so when using metal support profiles, a special drilling tool must be provided. Also for unreinforced plastics, it is advisable to provide a suitable drilling and / or cutting tool, for example a spiral drill for metals or a spiral drill for wood, due to their high elasticity and low hardness. . The use of stone pins and concrete drills on these materials can cause the synthetic material to overheat. Optionally, a degradation of the material also appears, around the drilled hole. The adhesion of the support profile against the carrier layer would therefore be less resistant.

According to another or alternative embodiment, the support profile is at least bonded to the carrier layer via an adhesive means based on modified silane. Preferably, the applied bonding means is able to support the profile, even before the adhesive is completely cured. This allows for easy alignment. The adhesives based on modified silanes are also designated under the name of MS polymer adhesives, or of hybrid polymer adhesives. Optionally, the outer face of the standing wing is provided with ribs and / or a deterioration, to reinforce the bonded bond. As an alternative, or in addition, the profile can still be sealed against the carrier layer, using polyurethane foams and other such products.

According to another or alternative embodiment, the support profile is further provided with at least one bent support piece, which bent support piece supports the lying wing. Such angled support pieces can be mounted at the location of point loads, for local support if necessary. As an alternative and in addition, they are always provided with regular spacing. The wall thickness of the support profile can therefore be chosen to be even thinner. Preferably, the elbow support pieces are made of the same synthetic material reinforced with glass fibers. For example, they could be formed from falling support profiles. According to a nonlimiting embodiment, they are sawn from the same profiles.

According to another or alternative embodiment, the bent piece is arranged perpendicular to the support profile. Preferably, the bent piece comprises a mounting wing and a support wing. The mounting wing can be mounted against the standing wing of the support profile, while the support wing forms a support edge located at the top, to support the lying wing of the support profile. The present invention provides a very advantageous fixing of the elbow support pieces, for example using the same fixing means. Optionally, the same fixing means passes both through the mounting wing of the elbow support piece, and through the standing wing of the support profile, the body of the fixing means penetrating into the layer carrier. Glass fiber reinforced synthetic material should not, of course, be welded (like building metal). The present invention therefore provides an easy, economical and uncomplicated solution for fixing bent support pieces. Again, these pieces are of a minimalist design. They allow a very high pressure stress, by deflecting the normal downward forces towards the load-bearing layer of the wall.

Preferably, the support profiles are pultrusion profiles with a net internal angle of 90 °, inside which and against which bent parts with sharp external angles can be inserted in a simple manner. This allows easy production (for example by sawing) and assembly of the bent parts.

According to another or alternative embodiment, the support wing of the elbow support piece is at least partially bevelled. The loss of material can thus be limited, as well as the breakthrough through the insulation layer. The beveled support wings can also easily cut into the insulation material, which allows easy installation.

According to another or alternative embodiment, the method comprises sawing a custom standard profile, in accordance with the width of the wall opening and / or the type of facade element. In this way, the percentage of waste is minimized, which positively influences the price.

According to another or alternative embodiment, the support profile is provided against, and fixed to a standing wing of a substantially L-shaped support profile, which support profile is arranged parallel to the support profile. Preferably, the support profile essentially comprises a synthetic material reinforced with glass fibers. Preferably, the carrier profile is essentially a profile such as the support profile described above. Such a support profile makes it possible to overcome in a simple manner a difference in height in the support layer. As shown in the figures. Optionally, the support profile and / or the support profile are also provided with one or more bent support pieces.

According to a second aspect, the invention relates to a placement and support kit, for placing and supporting a facade element inside a wall opening provided for this purpose in a multilayer wall. The kit mentioned comprises at least one or more L-shaped support profiles, and in addition a bonding means, for bonding the support profiles to the load-bearing layer of a wall. In particular, the cited support profiles essentially comprise a synthetic material reinforced with glass fibers, and preferably polyester reinforced with glass fibers. The support profiles also have a height of minimum 4 cm, a width of minimum 4 cm, a wall thickness of minimum 3 mm, and in addition a length of minimum 8 cm.

According to a nonlimiting example, relatively short support profiles (for example, from 8 cm to 40 cm in length) can be used as local supports at the point loads, as shown in the figure of Figure 5A. Longer support profiles (for example, a length corresponding to the width of the facade element and / or the wall opening), on the other hand, can be used to support facade elements on essentially their entire width.

Preferably, the kit is suitable for carrying out the method described above. In this regard, the same characteristics can be repeated, and the same advantages can be repeated. Conversely, optionally, the characteristics and advantages of the kit cited here also apply to the method according to the first aspect of the invention.

Optionally, the kit also comprises one or more suitable fixing means, for mechanical fixing of the support profiles against a load-bearing wall layer. Optionally, the kit also includes one or more bearing profiles. Optionally, the kit also includes one or more angled support pieces. Optionally, one or more of the support profiles, bearing profiles and / or elbow support pieces are provided with markings, which have for example a link with the wall opening in which / along which / against which / to which they can be placed. Optionally, the kit also includes a facade element, one or more of the support profiles being configured to support this facade element.

According to another or alternative embodiment, the polyester reinforced with glass fibers has a modulus of elasticity of at least 10 GPa, preferably at least 15 GPa, more preferably at least 20 GPa. According to a non-limiting embodiment, profiles of European classes E23 (with a bending stiffness of around 23 GPa) or E17 (with a bending stiffness of around 17 GPa) are used. In an embodiment to be preferred, support profiles E23, and, optionally, also elbow support pieces E23 and support profiles E23, are used.

According to another or alternative embodiment, the glass fiber reinforced polyester has a Barcol hardness value of minimum 10, preferably minimum 20, preferably minimum 30. This ensures that the support profile is able to support and distribute one-off charges.

According to another or alternative embodiment, the glass fiber reinforced polyester has a coefficient of thermal conductivity of less than 1.0 W / mK, preferably less than 0.8 W / mK, more preferably less than 0.6 W / mK, more preferably less than 0.4 W / mK

According to another or alternative embodiment, the support profiles have a wall thickness of maximum 20 mm, more preferably still maximum 18 mm, more preferably still maximum 16 mm, more preferably still maximum 14 mm, more preferably maximum 12 mm, more preferably minimum 1 mm, more preferably minimum 2 mm, more preferably minimum 3 mm, more preferably minimum 4 mm. Thin profiles have the advantages mentioned above in terms of thermal insulation and avoidance of thermal bridges.

According to another or alternative embodiment, the kit comprises a bonding means based on modified silane. Preferably, the bonding means has a maximum tension of at least 1.0 N / mm ³ , measured in accordance with standard DIN 53504.

According to a third aspect, the invention also relates to a facade structure comprising a multilayer wall with at least one load-bearing layer and an insulation layer, which wall is provided with a wall opening in which a facade element is inserted, the facade structure further comprising a substantially L-shaped support profile with a standing wing disposed between the carrier layer and the insulation layer, and with a reclining wing disposed under and along the facade element, to support this facade element. In particular, the cited support profile essentially comprises a synthetic material reinforced with glass fibers. Preferably, the facade structure is the result of the method according to the first aspect of the invention, and / or it is obtained using the kit according to the second aspect of the invention. The same characteristics and advantages can be repeated in this regard.

In what follows, the invention is described with the aid of nonlimiting examples and figures which illustrate the invention, and which are not intended for or cannot be interpreted to limit the scope of the invention .

Figures IA and IB show schematic cross sections of facade elements 1, near their support point on a support profile essentially L-shaped 2, according to two possible embodiments: respectively without and with a bent piece 3 .

The facade element 1 according to FIG. 1A is provided in a wall opening 4 of a multilayer wall 5. It is a hollow wall 5 with a load-bearing layer 6 (that is to say the interior wall, or inner wall), an insulation layer 7, and further an outer layer 8 or finishing layer (that is to say the outer wall, or outer wall). The insulation layer comprises a hollow wall insulation 9, and, optionally, also a residual air layer 10. The outer layer 8 is here made of masonry. Now, the frame 11 of the facade element 1 is provided at least partially above the non-load-bearing insulation layer 7. An L-shaped support profile 2, with a lying wing 12 and a standing wing 13 also provides support for the facade element 1, above the insulation layer (non-carrier) 7, and from the carrier layer 6. In particular, the standing wing 13 is fixed to the using fixing means 16 (for example, dowels) and / or bonding means 17 against the load-bearing layer 6 of the wall 5. The lying wing 12, moreover, thus forms a horizontal support surface 15, on which the frame 11 can rest using sealing means 14 (for example, a sealing strip). With the aid of other sealing means 14 ′, this same frame 11 is horizontally attached to the outer layer 8. What is important is that the support profile 2 forms only a minimum breakthrough through the insulation layer 7 and the hollow wall insulation 9, along an open upper edge of the insulation 9. In addition, the hollow wall insulation 9 largely covers the standing wing 13. This provides a very good connection between them. A possible path for heat, humidity, wind and / or noise, between the hollow wall insulation 9 and the support profile 2, should pass along the entire internal angular shape of the support profile 2. Such a path should therefore be very long. In addition, thermal bridges are avoided, given the small wall thickness and the low coefficient of thermal conductivity of the support profile 2, and of the coated wing 12 in particular. Any fixing means 16 made of steel or aluminum are protected to this end to a sufficient extent by the insulation of the hollow wall 9. Thanks to the use of a synthetic material reinforced with glass fibers, the support profile 2 can be made very thin, without compromising flexural rigidity. This further contributes to the realization of a wall insulation largely in one piece, where the thickness of the insulation 9 is only slightly smaller, where it covers the standing wing 13 of the profile of support 2.

In addition, as the coated wing 12 is thin (about 10 mm for example), and since the synthetic material reinforced with glass fibers has only a low coefficient of thermal conductivity, the appearance of thermal bridges is avoided.

FIG. 1B also shows the embodiment according to FIG. 1A, in which one or more angled support pieces 3 are provided in addition, for vertical support of the lying wing 12; optionally, it can be bent support pieces 3 as shown in FIG. 2. Optionally, the same fixing means 16 ensures the fixing of both the support profile 2 and the bent support piece 3. Such angled support pieces 3 make it possible to produce the support profile 2 even thinner / lighter, with a lower material cost and installation cost, and with a more marked manifestation of the abovementioned advantages in terms of insulation. . Preferably, the elbow support pieces 3 are only provided locally along the support profile 2, where they provide local support if necessary. Preferably, the elbow support pieces 3 are largely surrounded by the wall insulation 9 of the insulation layer 7; for example, they cut this one. In this respect, a bent partially bevelled support piece 3 can allow easier installation.

Figure 2 shows a schematic exploded drawing of a support profile 2 provided with a bent support piece 3, according to a possible embodiment of the invention. The support profile 2 is again made as a lying angle, with a lying wing 12 and a standing wing 13. The angled support piece 3 is essentially made as a standing angle, and is therefore perpendicular to the support profile 2. The angled support piece 3 also has a mounting wing 18 and a support wing 19. The mounting wing 18 is arranged along the inner face against the standing wing 13 of the support profile 2, so that the support wing 19 also offers (or can offer) support for the lying wing 12 of the support profile 2, via a support edge located at the top 22. Preferably, both the aforementioned standing wing 13 and the the aforementioned mounting wing 18 are fixed using the same fixing means 16 against the load-bearing layer 6 of a wall 5, for example through an aligned set of drilled holes 20. Preferably, these drilled holes 20 , and, optionally, also the hole drilled in the po layer rteuse, are formed in a single operation, for example using a stone spindle or a concrete drill. In each case, the angled support piece 3 ensures that part of the normal forces on the lying wing 12 are deflected towards the standing wing 13 and towards the load-bearing wall layer 6, via the cited support wing 19. L support wing 19 is therefore perfectly suitable for supporting downward-facing loads. Note also that this figure shows only one fastening element 16 and only one set of drilled holes 20.

Of course, two or more, or a plurality of fasteners 16 and corresponding drilled holes 20 may also be provided. In addition, the support wing 19 is entirely bevelled in this embodiment, and therefore essentially triangular. Naturally, the invention applies equally to partially bevelled support wings, essentially in the form of a pentagon 19, and to non-beveled support wings, essentially square / rectangular 19.

Table 1 relates to a number of glass fiber reinforced synthetic L-shaped profiles suitable for use as or in support profiles according to embodiments of the invention. The dimensions of five L-shaped profiles of this kind are given in table 1. The following are mentioned in particular: the width L of the lying wing, the height H of the standing wing, the wall thickness E of the support profile and the authorized load per running meter M / L. The values of L and H are measured from the outer top to the end edge of the respective wing. The values of M / L correspond to a maximum authorized flexion of 1 mm, and to a maximum extensibility of 0.25% for continuous loads, preferably along the end edge of the lying wing. In none of these embodiments the wall thickness is not more than about 10 mm.

Table 1 - Dimensions and linear density of suitable L-profiles

Production L [mm] H [mm] E [mm] M / L [kg / m] L profile 1 75 150 8 325 L-shaped profile 2 100 150 10 250 L-shaped profile 3 125 150 10 125 L-shaped profile 4 150 175 10 75 L-shaped profile 5 175 150 10 75

Table 2 further gives a number of material characteristics of a suitable glass fiber reinforced synthetic material, according to a possible embodiment of the invention. Preferably, the profiles and materials used here correspond to the European standard E23, and to the related standards EN 13706, EN 14122 and DIN 18820; Unless otherwise stated, the material characteristics below have been determined according to these standards.

Table 2 - Material characteristics of a suitable glass fiber reinforced synthetic material

Setting Standard / conditions Value Density / 1,850 kg / m ³ Coefficient of thermal conductivity DIN EN12667 0.3 W / m ² .K Tensile strength DIN EN12090 50 MPa Flexural strength DIN 12089 100 MPa Elastic module / 23 GPa Creep coefficient CUR recommendation 96 3.3 Fire class DIN 4102 B2 BarcoI hardness ASTM D2583 50 Water absorption ISO 62 <0.7% Coefficient of thermal expansion BS 6319 (Longitudinally) 8 / ° C

Table 3 relates to a suitable bonding means for use in possible embodiments of the present invention. It concerns a tenacious MS polymer adhesive based on modified silane molecules. A number of 10 features are listed below.

Table 3 - Characteristics of a suitable MS polymer adhesive

Setting Standard / conditions Value Skin formation time At 20 ° C and 65% RH 5 minutes. Curing speed At 20 ° C and 65% RH 3 mm / 24h Hardness Shore A 65 ± 5 Maximum tension DIN 53504 2.91 N / mm ² Elastic modulus (100%) DIN 53504 2.18 N / mm ² Maximum allowable deformation / 20% Density / 1.55 g / ml

FIGS. 3A-C show perspective views of a partially cut facade structure 23 with a window module 24 and a window sill 25.

These are provided inside a wall opening 4 in a multilayer wall 5 comprising a carrier layer 6, an insulation layer 7 and an outer layer 8, according to a possible embodiment of the invention. Both the carrier layer 6 and the outer layer 8 are made of masonry. The window module rests on the window sill 25 (for example, a blue stone threshold), which is in turn supported by an L-shaped support profile 2. This support profile 2 is fixed via a or several fixing means 16 (for example, pegs) along and against the carrier layer 6. Along the standing edges, the window module 24 is still fixed to the carrier layer using a stirrup fixing 26. Optionally, this fixing stirrup 26 is also made as an L-shaped profile in synthetic material reinforced with glass fibers.

Figures 4A-C show perspective views of a partially cut facade structure 23 with a window module 24 and a metal (e.g. aluminum) window sill 25 which are provided inside an opening mural 4 in a multilayer wall 5. The wall comprises a load-bearing layer 6, made of masonry, and furthermore an insulation layer 7 and an outer layer 8. The outer layer 8 can for example be a thin panel. Optionally, the insulation layer 7 and the outer layer 8 are part of the same sandwich panel. In each case, the window module 24 is supported by the support profile 2, in a manner comparable to that of FIGS. 3A-C. The threshold 25 in panel is inserted between the support profile 2 and the window module 24; optionally, sealing means are also provided between them (for example, sealing strips).

Figures 5A and 5B show cross sections of facade structures 23 with window modules 24, according to possible embodiments of the invention.

In FIG. 5A, the window module 24 is provided on three stone thresholds 25 (for example, in blue stone), inside a wall opening 4 in a multilayer wall 5 (as can be seen in the partially cut-out front view, as shown in the figure). The thresholds 25 are provided as an extension of each other, and they connect together at the height of the interruptions 27. Only their adjacent end elements are locally supported, at the height of these interruptions 27. For this purpose, at least two support profiles (relatively short) 2 are provided, which are arranged only under the end elements, and therefore not over essentially the entire width of a threshold 25 and / or of the wall opening 4. Each of the two profiles support 2 is further provided with an angled support piece 3, optional in accordance with the embodiment of Figure 2. Such a design is perfectly able to support point loads, which appear at the ends of the thresholds. The support profiles 2 therefore provide direct support for the thresholds 25. These in turn have sufficiently high bending stiffness and bending strength to support the window module 24 over its entire width. Naturally, the window sills 25 rest at least also partially on the masonry of the outer layer 8.

In FIG. 5B, the window module 24 is directly provided on and along an end edge of the support profile 2, which support profile 2 is fixed via a wing standing against the load-bearing layer 6 of the wall 5. The lying wing, moreover, provides support for the window module 24, above the non-load-bearing insulation layer 7. Sealing means 14 (for example, a sealing strip) are also provided, for clogging the window module 24 against this insulation layer 7. On the side of the facade, the wall 5 is completed with an outer layer 8 in panels, for example. In this embodiment, the threshold 25 is directly fixed to the window module 24. Preferably, the support profile 2 extends essentially over the entire width of the wall opening 4 and / or of the window module 24. Seen that the weight of the window module 24 is distributed over the entire length of the support profile 2, bent local support pieces 3 are superfluous; that is, there are no one-off charges. Optionally, angled support pieces 3 are however provided, which would allow the wall thickness E of the support profile 2 to be chosen to be smaller.

Figures 6A and 6B show two perspective views of a partially cut facade structure 23 with a window module 24 at ground level, according to possible embodiments of the invention. The facade structure 23 also forms a separation between an interior space 28 and an exterior space 29. Under the ground, a load-bearing rung floor 30 is provided in a manner known per se. In addition, both the interior floor 31 and the exterior floor 31 'have a multilayer structure. Now, the facade structure 23 stands vertically upwards on a foundation masonry 32 situated under the rung of the load-bearing floor

33. At the height of the window module 23, a substantially L-shaped bearing profile 34 is also provided, which extends along the upper edge of the rung of the bearing floor 33. The bearing profile 34 has a lying wing 12 'which is fixed on this upper edge, and in addition a standing wing 13' which extends vertically upwards from this upper edge. The window module 23 itself essentially rests on the lying wing 12 of a support profile 2, with a standing wing 13 which is fixed against the standing wing 13 'of the bearing profile 34. To this end, the means required fixing 16 are provided. The carrier profile 34 and the support profile 2 are largely parallel to one another, and their standing wings 13, 13 'are fixed to each other back to back. The supporting profile 34 can here be conceived as being a part of the supporting layer 6 of the facade structure / underground wall structure. In this sense, the support profile 2 is therefore fixed against the load-bearing layer 6 of the corresponding wall 5. Along the load-bearing layer 6 (that is to say along at least part of the rung of the load-bearing floor 33) and along the standing wing 13 of the support profile 2 further extends an insulation layer 7, which is applied as an underground thermal break between the interior space 28 and the exterior space 29 , and against which the floor insulation 7 'is arranged in a well-adjusted manner. Again, this insulating layer 7 extends as far as the interior corner of the support profile 2. An important advantage of such a support profile 34 is that it makes it possible to overcome a difference in level; in the present embodiment, this difference in level is the result of the multilayer structure of the interior floor 31 and the exterior floor 31 '.

Figure 6C also shows a cross section of a related embodiment, where both the support profile 2 and the carrier profile 34 are further provided with respective bent parts 3, 3 '. The angled support piece 3 which is fixed along the inside corner of the support profile 2 is also almost completely surrounded by an insulation layer 7. Such a design (with the support profile 34) can therefore be used for supporting a window module 24 from / above a load-bearing rung 33, but just as much from / above a load-bearing wall 6. Consequently, the load-bearing profile 34 therefore also makes it possible to overcome a difference in height for a front module 1 at the railing. The synthetic material reinforced with solid glass fibers, but thin and not very conductive of heat, also prevents the appearance of thermal bridges. The facade structure 23 of FIG. 6C also shows an external layer 8 which is pressed under the window module 24.

Figure 7 shows schematically the fixing of a support profile 2 against a load-bearing layer 6 of a wall, according to a possible embodiment. In a first step, a support profile 2 of appropriate length is provided, for example by sawing a standard profile to measure (for example with a standard length of approximately 6 m). Then, the standing wing 13 of the support profile 2 is disposed against and along the carrier layer 6, with a maximum projection distance 35 of about 50 mm. Optionally, a bonding means 17 is also provided between them, to further enhance mutual adhesion. Then, both this standing wing 13 and the supporting layer 6 (typically, of ceramic material, for example brick of rapid construction) are drilled in a single operation, using a drilling tool 36 provided with a stone spindle or a two-lip concrete drill bit with a diameter of 10 mm. It is ensured that the fixing distance 37 between the drilled hole and the upper edge of the carrier layer 6 is again at least 50 mm.

In a final step, a fixing means 16 (for example, a sealing bolt) is introduced into the drilled hole made, for mechanical fixing of the support profile 2 to the carrier layer 6.

The elements numbered in the figures are:

1. The facade element

2. The support profile

3. The angled support piece

4. The wall opening

5. The wall

6. The carrier layer

7. The insulation layer

8. The outer layer

9. Wall insulation

10. The residual air layer

11. The chassis

12. The lying wing

13. The standing wing

14. The sealing means

15. The support surface

16. The means of attachment

17. The bonding medium

18. The mounting wing

19. The support wing

20. The drilled hole

21. The bottom edge

22. The support edge

23. The facade structure

24. The window module

25. The window sill

26. The mounting bracket

27. Interruption

28. The interior space

29. The outdoor area

30. The load-bearing floor

31. The floor

32. Foundation masonry

33. The rung of the load-bearing floor

34. The supporting profile

35. The projection distance

36. The drilling tool

37. The fixing distance

It is assumed that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments which have been described above and that some adaptations or modifications to the examples described may be added, without reassessing the appended claims. By way of example, the specific terms window module and window sill, as mentioned in the abovementioned embodiments, can be replaced by any facade element (suitable), or by any group. facade elements.

Claims (17)

1. Method for placing and supporting a facade element 1 inside an opening of the wall 4, which opening of the wall 4 is provided for this purpose in a multilayer wall 5 comprising at least one load-bearing layer 6 and an insulation layer 7, the method comprising; (a) placing, against and along the carrier layer 6, a substantially L-shaped support profile 2, which support profile 2 comprises a standing wing 13 for fixing against the carrier layer 6, and in addition to a lying wing 12 for the support of the facade element 1, (b) the support of the facade element 1 on the support profile 2, the support profile 2 running along a lower edge 21 of the element of front 1, and (c) applying the insulating layer 7, against and along the supporting layer 6 and the standing wing 13 of the support profile 2, characterized in that the support profile 2 comprises essentially a synthetic material reinforced with glass fibers. 2. Method according to the preceding claim 1, characterized in that the support profile 2 essentially comprises polyester reinforced with glass fibers. 3. Method according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the support profile 2 has a maximum wall thickness of 20 mm. 4. Method according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the support profile 2 is fixed at least mechanically to the carrier layer 6, comprising the formation of a drilled hole 20 through the support profile 2 , right down to the carrier layer 6. 5. Method according to the preceding claim 4, characterized in that the drilled hole 20 is formed using a stone drill or a concrete drill. 6. Method according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the support profile 2 is at least bonded to the carrier layer 6, via an adhesive means 17 based on modified silane. 7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support profile 2 is provided with at least one bent support piece 3, which bent support piece 3 supports the lying wing 12. 8. Method according to the preceding claim 7, characterized in that the elbow support piece 3 is arranged perpendicular to the support profile 2. 9. Method according to one of the preceding claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the bent support piece 3 is at least partially bevelled. 10. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support profile 2 is provided against, and fixed to a standing wing 13 'of a profile 25 LU101145 I essentially L-shaped carrier 34, which carrier profile 34 is arranged parallel to the support profile 2. 11. Kit for placing and supporting a facade element 1, inside a wall opening 4 provided for this purpose in a multilayer wall 5, the kit comprising a bonding means 17 and one or more profiles essentially L-shaped support with a minimum length of 8 cm, a minimum height of 4 cm, a minimum width of 4 cm and a minimum wall thickness of 3 mm, characterized in that that the 2I support profiles consist essentially of polyester reinforced with glass fibers. 12. Kit according to the preceding claim 11, characterized in that the polyesterI reinforced with glass fibers has a modulus of elasticity of minimumI 10 GPa.I 13. Kit according to one of the preceding claims 11 and 12, characterized in that the polyester reinforced with glass fibers has a hardness value. Barcol of minimum 10.I 14. Kit according to one of the preceding claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the support profiles 2 have a wall thickness of maximum 20 mm. 15. Kit according to one of the preceding claims 11 to 14, characterized in that it is a bonding means 17 based on modified silane. 16. Kit according to one of the preceding claims 11 to 15, characterized in that it also comprises one or more angled support pieces 3.I 17. Facade structure 23 comprising a multilayer wall 5 with at least one load-bearing layer 6 and an insulation layer 7, which wall 5 is provided with a wall opening 4 in which a facade element 1 is inserted, the structure of facade 23 further comprising a support profile I essentially L-shaped 2 with a standing wing 13 disposed between the carrier layer I and the insulation layer 7, and with a lying wing 12 I disposed under and along the element of facade 1, to support this element deH facade 1, characterized in that the support profile cited 2 essentially comprises a synthetic material reinforced with glass fibers.