FR2989704A1 - Structural component for construction of roof, wall or ground, has construction element composed of insulating materials, and alignment units for alignment of corresponding insulating materials with regard to each other - Google Patents

Abstract

The component (1) has a construction element that is composed of an insulating material (6) and another separate insulating material (7). The former and the latter insulating materials are provided in an assembled state of the structural component, where the insulating materials extend in a cross-sectional manner with regard to each other. A set of alignment units (8) is arranged for alignment of corresponding insulating materials with regard to each other. The former insulating material extends over a bed plate (4). An independent claim is also included for a roof construction.

Description

The present invention relates to building elements, more specifically constructions for roofs, walls or floors, as well as a roof construction which makes use of such building elements. The building elements or building panels known from the state of the art consist mainly of two types. This is on the one hand what is known as a building element in the form of a seasoned box in which a base plate is applied to only one flat side of the building element or panel on the other side, more precisely the open side, being formed mainly by the insulating material itself, and on the other hand a construction element closed or sandwiched against the second side of which a top plate is applied, so that the insulating material is in the space between the base plate and the top plate. This type of building element can be used as a roof element, as a wall element or as a floor element. For examples of roof elements in the form of a seasoned box and closed or sandwiched roof elements, reference is made to EP 0 978 601 and EP 1 162 25 050, respectively. building elements as insulating roof element, if any self-supporting, is known per se for quite some time. In this respect and by way of example, reference is made to EP 0 450 731 or to EP 1 253 257. Roofing elements of this type can be applied with their base plates on frameworks of simple construction, for example example a framework with only failures. After the assembly of roof elements of this type, these elements are generally still provided with battens which, in turn, support the tiles or other roof covering. In a construction of this type, the roof element acts as a traditionally insulated underlayment. It is also possible to cause the above-mentioned base plate to form the lining of the corresponding roof construction or a base plate to be provided with such a lining. Usually, roof elements of this type are prefabricated to a home. A current challenge in the construction sector concerns the ever-increasing demands placed on buildings in the field of thermal and / or acoustic insulation. High demands are also being placed on renovating existing buildings, while the number of renovations is increasing. Therefore, existing building elements, such as roof elements, do not often appear to be able to satisfactorily meet the requirements mentioned above. In order to meet the requirements in the field of thermal insulation, building elements comprising an insulating material, which have a great thickness, have been developed. In this case, there are specific problems with their production and also with the weight and dimensions of the building elements. The production of building elements having a great thickness goes more precisely with a series of problems. Thus in some cases the machines with which such building elements are manufactured have to be adapted, since the existing production machines are limited in the area of the maximum thickness of the building element. that they are able to manufacture. Considering costly adaptations, or even replacement of the machines in question, seems inevitable. In addition, the document EP 2 110 487 discloses the production of building elements comprising a first layer and a second layer of an insulating material, the insulating material of the second layer being different from that of the first layer. In this way, we obtain the fact that we can combine in a single element specific properties of the two insulating materials. For example, an insulating material having favorable acoustic properties can be combined with an insulating material having interesting mechanical properties. However, limitations are related to the arrangement and construction as known from EP 2,110,487, when they are to be adapted to structural members having a thick insulating material. In addition, they are not good enough for easy adaptation in case of renovation. When taking into account the obtaining of improved thermal insulation for buildings, more precisely by means of the application of building elements or building panels comprising an insulating material, the present invention relates to an element variant of construction which, based on its inventive characteristic, can contribute to an improved thermal and / or acoustic resistance of the volume of construction to which it applies. According to various preferred embodiments, the invention provides a solution for one or more disadvantages of the known building elements according to the state of the art. To this end, according to a first independent aspect, the invention relates to a construction element, more specifically for roof, wall or floor constructions, this building element consisting of at least a first insulating material and a second insulating material separated, these insulating materials, in the assembled state of the building element extending, in a cross-sectional view, on top of one another, with the characteristic that the construction further comprises means for obtaining an alignment of the two insulating materials concerned, one with respect to the other. Preferably, it is an alignment at least in a transverse direction, preferably perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the construction element. With such an alignment, it is possible to obtain easier production or easier assembly of construction elements in general. In addition, it is possible to assemble the separate insulating materials with a minimum of joints or air knives. This alignment is also advantageous when using the construction elements, since it makes it possible to obtain a more precise connection.

Preferably, the building elements according to the invention are of the self-supporting type. This means that building elements of this type can form a self-supporting construction. In other words, in such a construction, they are able to support their own weight without deformation worthy of mention. This property makes it possible to obtain very simple constructions. According to a preferred embodiment, the construction element comprises ribs, preferably wooden ribs or ribs made of a material other than the insulating material. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the construction element consists of at least two parts, more precisely on the one hand, a first part which is at least constituted by a base plate and by one or more ribs. the first aforementioned insulative material extending over the base plate, and secondly, a second portion which is at least constituted by the aforementioned second insulating material. In this case, it may be a freestanding building element. According to the invention, the aforesaid means which ensure the alignment of the separate insulating materials can be made in different ways. Below, a number of these possibilities are unveiled.

According to a first possibility, which can be implemented for example in the case of the particularly preferred embodiment indicated above, the aforementioned means are constituted by at least one or more ribs which project, in a view in cross section and in the assembled state of the construction element, with respect to the first insulating material, and by a recess cooperating with the first mentioned, in the second part of the construction element, and preferably in the second insulating material. According to a major preferred embodiment, the construction element has the characteristic that said one or more recesses mentioned above are applied in the second insulating material. However, it is not excluded to provide the recesses at a place in the second part different from that occupied by the insulating material of this second part. Applying the aforementioned recesses in the second insulating material avoids the use of individual parts. According to a second possibility, the first insulating material of the first part, in the case of the aforementioned preferred embodiment, comprises bulges which can cooperate with recesses in the second part of the construction element, and preferably in the second insulating material.

According to a third possibility, there are provided in the first insulating material, elements or protruding individual profiles, which can cooperate with the second part, and preferably with the second insulating material. In this case, the cooperation need not necessarily take place with a recess in the second part of the second insulating material. It can also be obtained for example by the penetration of the element or the corresponding profile in the second insulating material or in the second part, in general. It may for example be elements or profiles that can be anchored in the second insulating material with staples. It will be appreciated that the building elements of the invention can be realized with existing production machines or with limited modifications. The mounting of a building element from two or more parts represents an important and inventive alternative for known building elements of the state of the art. The two or more parts of the alternatively assembled construction element may be designed so that they can each be made separately by the existing production machine. In this way, the necessary adaptations with respect to the production machine and / or the production process are minimized. In addition, they offer possibilities to meet the most recent requirement in the field of thermal insulation. The assembly of separate insulating materials or insulating layers or the combination of parts of the particular embodiment mentioned above makes it possible precisely to obtain a greater total insulation thickness.

In addition, the concept of a building element which may be two or more parts, as is the case with the above-mentioned particularly preferred embodiment, has the additional advantage that the building element has a greater advantage. great flexibility in the field of transport and assembly. The smaller dimensions and the lower weight of the individual component parts facilitate both the transport and assembly of these structural elements.

In addition, the above-mentioned concept can offer a solution for renovation projects in which a building element comprising an insulating material is already present. The aforementioned building element already present can then serve as one of the parts which will be composed of the new element of definitive construction. In the aforementioned case, the final construction element is obtained by the addition of at least one additional element to the building element already present. The already existing building element serves as part of the new assembled building element.

Another important advantage of the above-mentioned concept lies in the fact that the height of the ribs used in the building element can be adapted to the structural requirements of the building element, and thus be less dependent on requirements related to the production technique. More precisely, in the preferred case of self-supporting construction elements, the ribs used play an important structural role for the construction element. In the concept of the present invention, the height of the aforementioned ribs can be limited to what is structurally necessary for the building element and this height need not be adapted to the total thickness of the insulating material. Finally, the concept of an element of construction that can be constituted by two or more parts, offers some possibilities in the field of modularity. More particularly, with a limited number of parts, it is possible to assemble a wide range of construction elements having different thicknesses or different thermal resistance values.

Preferably, the construction element of the particularly preferred embodiment, more specifically the second part of the building element comprises an upper plate which, in a cross-sectional view, extends over the insulation material of the second part. The use of a top plate makes it possible to obtain a building element having improved mechanical properties, for example with regard to the flexural strength. In addition, one can walk on a roof construction that is mounted using such building elements.

Preferably, at least the baseplate and / or, in the case of using a top plate, the top plate, are mainly made of a wood-based material, such as a plywood panel, a Oriented Strand Board (OSB), a chip board, a wood fiber board such as MDF or HDF board (Medium Density Fiberboard or High Density Fiberboard). Other plate materials are also possible such as, for example, a panel made from flax chips, a panel or plasterboard, a cement fiberboard, a plasterboard or a plate or a silicate-based panel. The material used for the base plate and / or the top plate may have the property as it is designed to resist water and / or to retard flame, as may be the case for a base board. of wood chips. The base plate of the construction element and, if available, the top plate, preferably has a thickness of at least 6 mm, preferably at least 10 mm and most preferably from minus 12 mm. According to one possible embodiment, one of the aforementioned plates, for example in the case of a roof element, preferably the plate oriented outwards in the roof construction or the top plate, is made to be heavier. than the base plate. The fact of making a heavier top plate makes it possible to obtain, in the example of a roof element, a better mechanical strength as well as a better acoustic resistance. Thus, for example, as a top plate, a plate having a thickness of 12 mm or more, such as a plate of 18 mm or more, may be used, while the other plate may be made for to be thinner. According to a preferred embodiment, the construction element of the above-mentioned particularly preferred embodiment further has the additional feature that the base plate and / or the upper plate, if present, on at least one side, preferably the side facing inwards, is finished with a decorative material, for example a film coating layer, paneling or the like. By using a construction element of this type, it is possible to simplify the finishing of the interior of the building.

According to one possible embodiment, the construction element of the present invention, for example the two or more parts of the construction element of the above-mentioned particularly preferred embodiment, form in the assembled state a construction element. closed. According to another possible embodiment, the construction element comprises slats which are arranged, in a cross-sectional view and in the mounted state, on the outer side of the construction element. In the case of a construction element according to the particularly preferred embodiment mentioned above, it is the second part which preferably comprises the slats. In this way, a covering, such as tiles, can be applied to the outer side of the building element, making use of the aforementioned slats. The aforementioned slats can be envisaged both in the case of a second part provided with an upper plate than in the case of a second part without upper plate. In the case of a building element which is designed as a roof element, the aforementioned slats can be made in the manner of so-called counter battens. In the case of a construction element in which the second part is provided with an upper plate, these slats can be fixed on the upper plate by means of different fixing techniques. For example, these slats can be glued or fixed by means of nails, screws and the like. A combination of the aforementioned fixing techniques is nevertheless also possible. The aforementioned slats may also be used in the case of a construction element according to the invention comprising a second portion free of upper plate. In the latter case, the slats can be attached to the insulating materials of the second part, on the outer side of the building element. Slats of this type may be provided in all embodiments of the present invention, in the production of the building element or not. In the case of the particularly preferred embodiment mentioned above, the aforementioned slats of the second part are preferably, but not necessarily, arranged in a cross-sectional view on the ribs of the first part. Thus, one may optionally apply a screw and / or a nail through the aforementioned slats into the aforementioned ribs.

The vertical distance, when looking at the construction element in a cross-sectional view, between the lower side of the aforementioned slats possibly present and the upper side of the aforementioned ribs, which are preferably made in mutually superimposed position, is chosen from such that the aforementioned slats can be connected, by means of nails and screws whose length does not come out of the normal, to the aforementioned underlying ribs, if necessary through the intermediate insulating material. Preferably, this vertical distance is less than or equal to 6 cm, more preferably less than or equal to 5 cm or more preferably less than or equal to 3.6 cm. In the eventual case where the construction element is composed of more than two insulating materials or more than two parts, at least one alignment of two of these insulating materials is obtained. Any insulating materials or additional parts are then optionally disposed below or above the first part and the second part of the construction element or between said parts. Preferably, the construction element of the particularly preferred embodiment has the characteristic that said one or more aforementioned protruding ribs of the first part are provided, at least on the side which protrudes from the insulating material, with a chamfer . According to another preferred embodiment, the aforementioned projecting ribs of the first part are provided with a chamfer on both sides. According to the most preferred embodiment, the projecting ribs are in the form of chevrons having, in a cross-sectional view, a width of 20 mm or more, for example 28 mm, and a height of 150 mm or more, for example 170 mm, and is provided a chamfer of for example 3 mm by 20 mm at the edges of the rafters. As an alternative for the aforementioned chamfer, the ribs may be provided at their end or at least near their end, one or more narrowing. These narrowing are made in the form of a notch or in the form of a notched edge. A chamfer or, alternatively, a narrowing at the end of the forming rib, as described above, offers the advantage that a better cooperation of the constituent parts of the construction element can be obtained. In addition, the use of the aforementioned chamfer simplifies the positioning during assembly of the construction element. Where appropriate, said one or more aforementioned protruding ribs of the first portion, in the case of the above-mentioned particularly preferred embodiment, are attached to the aforesaid base plate without the intervention of insulating material. The aforementioned ribs can be fixed for example using nail, screw and / or glue connections and / or any other fastening means. Thanks to the direct attachment of the aforementioned ribs on the base plate of the first part, more precisely in the absence of an intermediate insulating material, it is obtained that the ribs, in the case of a bending stress of the 'building element, properly absorb the forces that are exerted and possibly transmit them to the underlying construction. In addition, according to this preferred embodiment, a simple construction of the construction element is obtained. As can be seen from the foregoing, the corresponding ribs according to the invention are preferably connected respectively directly to the base plate. Preferably, the corresponding projecting ribs are not connected to the possibly used upper plate, although it is possible to connect them laterally to the insulating material, for example via a glue connection, so that the insulating material can then, at in turn be connected back directly or indirectly to the other plate. A lateral connection of this type of ribs with the insulating material nevertheless has no influence or only negligible influence on the insulating properties and / or on the acoustic properties of the construction element.

According to one possible embodiment, the ribs of the first part, in the case of the particularly preferred embodiment mentioned above, are provided with an intermediate acoustic and / or thermal decoupling strip, preferably are connected via a strip. of this type in the first part mentioned above. According to another example, a decoupling strip of this type is used between the ribs and the second part, so that the ribs come into contact, via the decoupling strip, with the aforesaid second part, so that the a thermal and / or acoustic decoupling is obtained between the ribs and the second part. What we have just indicated is especially interesting in the case of ribs that come into direct contact with the base plate of the first part. In such a case, one can more precisely oppose the appearance of what are called cold bridges or avoid them. Preferably, in the case of the above-mentioned particularly preferred embodiment, at least the first portion and the second portion are formed as separate or individual pieces. The concept of a building element that can be made from two or more parts offers interesting possibilities in the field of modularity. Specifically, with a limited number of parts, can be assembled a wide range of building elements having different thicknesses or different thermal resistance values.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in general, the aforementioned first insulating material and the aforementioned second insulating material are connected to each other by means of an adhesive bond. The use of an adhesive bond can provide a better bond between the insulating materials, for example a better resistance against reciprocal collapse. Preferably, the aforementioned first insulating material of the first part and the second insulating material are respectively selected from the list consisting of an insulating material based on cellulose, an insulating material based on wood fibers, mineral wool , glasswool, rockwool, polyurethane, polyisocyanurate foam, expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene and a phenol insulating material. Preferably, the insulating material of the two or more parts of the building element according to the invention is made of materials providing a thermal relationship which are widely used at present, for example with an insulating foam selected from series consisting of polyurethane, polyisocyanurate, polystyrene, extruded polystyrene, expanded polystyrene and phenolic insulation.

According to the invention, it is also possible to make the first and / or second insulating material with other insulating materials such as perlite, vermiculite, glass foam, wood wool, linen wool , sheep's wool, feathers, such as duck feathers or moss flakes. The fluff foam may comprise, for example, bonded foam flakes using polyurethane, these foam flocks being obtained for example from waste from the production of mattresses or seats. In the case of glass wool, a significant effect of flame retardancy is obtained and in the case of an insulating material of animal origin, a construction element is obtained that is very respectful of the environment. Cellulose-based insulating materials are known for their good acoustic insulation value, and they also exhibit an acceptable to very good thermal insulation value. The cellulose-based insulating material may either be used in the dry building element in the form of a layer existing in itself, or used in the building element in the form of a substance. viscous liquid, which Fan hardens or dries afterwards. Insulating materials based on wood fibers also have good sound insulation values in combination with an acceptable or very good thermal insulation value. In this case, the wood fibers can be bonded to each other for example by using a polyolefin. It is also possible to provide this insulating material with additives that slow down the flames, as well as one or more inorganic mineral acids containing nitrogen. Thus, for example, the "houtFlex" insulating panels marketed by HOMATHERM® are also suitable for use in the building elements of the present invention.

Preferably, the same insulating material is chosen for the first and for the second insulating material. However, it is not excluded to use different insulating materials. In particular, when, in the case of a renovation, a building material is already present, it is possible to form a new construction element according to the invention by using at least a second insulating material which is assembled with the initial insulating material of the building element already present. Especially in the latter case, it must be provided to form a construction element in which the first and second insulating material are different. According to a preferred embodiment, the construction element of the present invention has a heat resistance value (Rc) of at least 5 m2K / W, in particular greater than 5.5 m2K / W and preferably greater than 6.45 m2K / W and most preferably greater than 7.2 m2K / W. Such insulating values can be obtained with an insulating material based on polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foam, the insulating material having in itself a thickness of respectively 150 mm, 175 mm and 195 mm or more. Preferably, the construction element of the present invention is rectangular. In the case of the particularly preferred embodiment mentioned above, the ribs preferably extend in the longitudinal direction of the construction element. Preferably, one works with two or more such ribs, these ribs being preferably inside the construction element, so that they do not form the lateral edges of the latter, although this not be excluded. Preferably, the insulating material is, at least for a portion of the latter, between the two aforementioned ribs or more. Preferably, ribs of this type are constituted by wooden beams or rafters, preferably with a square cross section. However, it is not excluded to work with a material other than wood and / or opt for another cross section of these ribs, such as for a cross section similar to the cross section of an I-beam Preferably, between the ribs, a mutual distance of at least 30 cm is maintained, even more preferably at least 40 cm.

In the case of the particularly preferred embodiment mentioned above, the construction element of the recent invention preferably further has the additional feature that the ribs of the first part of the building element have a height of less than 195. mm and preferably less than 170 mm and, where appropriate, less than 150 mm, so that the total thickness of the insulating material of the construction element, in a cross-sectional view, amounts to a respective value greater than 195 mm, greater than 175 mm and greater than 150 mm. As can be seen, with this preferred feature, the ribs preferably have a height which is less than the total thickness of the insulating material. In the case where the requirements for the construction element are very high as regards the thermal resistance, the required thickness of the insulating material, the different parts of the insulating element together, which is also designated by the the term "total thickness of the insulating material of the construction element" may be effectively greater than the required height of the ribs to give the building element the strength required for structural bending. Preferably, the ribs have, in the case of freestanding building elements, a minimum height of 80 mm. More particularly, according to this preferred embodiment, the height of the aforementioned ribs is preferably selected so that these ribs have a moment of superficial slowness which is required to give the building element sufficient strength against sagging in the case of normal stresses. Preferably, in the particularly preferred embodiment mentioned above, in a cross-sectional view, the upper side of the second part is separated by at least one air chamber with respect to the aforementioned ribs of the first part. The use of an air chamber can provide improved acoustic and / or thermal properties of the building element. It is clear that, where appropriate, next to an air chamber, it is also possible to have another material, preferably an insulating material between the aforementioned ribs and the upper side of the second part. Optionally, instead of air, another material which can preferably be compressed better than the aforementioned insulating material, such as, for example, a foamed material, a gel or a liquid which is arranged for example in a closed deformable container. According to one possible embodiment, it is possible to use a thermal and / or acoustic decoupling strip between the aforementioned ribs of the first part, on the one hand, and the second part, on the other hand.

According to a preferred embodiment of the first aspect, in a cross-sectional view and in the assembled state of the construction element, the aforementioned means for the alignment extend to a higher location than the first one. insulating material and extend only partially into the second independent insulating material. According to a preferred embodiment, the aforementioned means for the alignment consist of a plurality of ribs, preferably wooden ribs which are arranged in a cross-sectional view on the base plate and which extend up to at a location higher than the first insulating material and which extend, in the assembled state of the building element, only partially into the second independent insulating material.

According to a preferred embodiment, the second part of the construction element extends, in the assembled state of the construction element and in a cross-sectional view, at least to a level which is more higher than the upper side of the aforementioned means of alignment. Preferably, in a cross-sectional view and in the assembled state of the construction element, the insulating material of the second part is present at a height greater than the aforementioned means for alignment.

According to a preferred embodiment, the aforementioned means for alignment are constituted by ribs, more specifically wooden ribs. Preferably, in a cross-sectional view and in the assembled state of the construction element, the insulating material of the second part is present at a height greater than the aforementioned ribs or at least at a height greater than at least one of the aforementioned ribs. The abovementioned means for the alignment make it possible to align, during assembly of the construction element, mainly the second independent or separate insulating material with the first insulating material. In this case, it is preferable also to align other elements of the second part with the first insulating material. Preferably, in the eventual case where the second part comprises an upper plate, during the assembly of the construction element with the aforementioned means, this upper plate is also aligned with the first insulating material. By way of example, the second part of the construction element comprises, where appropriate, one or more counter battens. When assembling the construction element using the abovementioned means for alignment, these counter battens are also aligned with respect to the first insulating material. Preferably, the aforementioned means make it possible to obtain an alignment of the second part of the construction element with the first part of the construction element. With the same object as in the first aspect, the present invention relates, according to a second independent aspect thereof, to a roof construction, said roof construction comprising one or more building elements having the features of the first aspect. It is clear that in a roof construction having the characteristics of the second aspect, any building element of the first aspect as well as any of its preferred embodiments can be used. Preferably, these are the building elements of the particularly preferred embodiment mentioned therein, each of these building elements being constituted by at least two parts, a first part being at least constituted by a base plate and by one or more ribs, the aforementioned building elements being fixed directly or indirectly to the frame, with the characteristic that, in a cross-sectional view, at least one of the aforesaid ribs of the first portion projects relative to to the insulating material of the first part is the second part comprises recesses which can cooperate with said one or more aforementioned protruding ribs of the first part. With a roof construction in which such building elements are used, a solution can be obtained for said one or more of the above-mentioned problems. Preferably, the roof construction also includes counter battens which are attached to the building elements. In this case, the counter battens preferably extend in the longitudinal direction of the building elements. In roof constructions for which the longitudinal direction of the building elements is parallel to the width of the roof construction, it is nevertheless possible to ensure that the slats, more precisely the counter battens, extend transversely to each other. to the longitudinal direction of the building element. In such a case, the slats are preferably only attached to the building element, when the latter is already included in the roof construction. In addition, according to the invention, by using several construction elements having the characteristics of the first aspect, a construction, more specifically a roof construction in which, via the alignment of the two corresponding insulating materials of the element, can be obtained. of construction, no joint remains between the adjacent building elements or a joint which has a constant geometry remains between the adjacent building elements. Preferably, this seal has dimensions limited with respect to the dimensions of the construction element. Preferably. This is a seal less than 5 cm, as measured in the transverse direction at the edge of the building element. In addition, preferably, this seal may be finished or sealed using a foaming filler, such as a PU foam, for example with the aid of an atomiser. This procedure allows the roof construction to be easily finished.

It is clear that when referring to a base plate in the first aspect, it is preferably the plate which faces inwards in the roof construction. However, it is clear to those skilled in the art that analogous effects can be obtained when this base plate is facing outwards. Therefore, it is not excluded that the construction elements described in the first aspect, in a construction, for example in a roof construction having the characteristics of the second, can be used upside down. aspect. For preferred embodiments of such a roof construction, reference is made to the detailed description.

In order to better indicate the characteristics of the invention, a number of preferred embodiments are described below, by way of example and without any limiting character, with reference to the appended drawings in which: FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a construction element having the features of the first aspect of the invention; Figure 2 shows, on a larger scale, a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II in Figure 1; Figures 3 to 5 show variants in a view similar to that of Figure 2; Figure 6 shows a view similar to that of Figure 2 of the first part and the second part of a construction element according to the invention, in the unassembled state; Figures 7 to 9 show, in the same view, further variants; and Figure 10 shows a roof construction according to the second aspect of the invention.

In Figure 1, there is shown a construction element, more specifically a roof element or a roof panel including among others the features of the first aspect of the present invention. In the example, the construction element 1 is composed of two parts, more precisely a first part 2 and a second part 3. The first part 2 consists of a base plate 4 and several ribs 5, a first insulating material 6 extending over and, in this case, above the base plate 4. The second part 3 of the building element 1 consists mainly of a second separate insulating material 7. The specificity of the construction element 1 of FIG. 1 lies in the fact that the first insulating material 6 and the second insulating material 7 extend, in the assembled state of the construction element and in a cross-section, that is to say in a view according to Figure 2, one over the other, and in that the construction element 1 further comprises means 8 for the alignment of the two insulating materials 6-7 relative to each other. It is in this case an alignment in the transverse direction R1 with respect to the length L or with respect to the longitudinal direction of the construction element 1, and in this case parallel to the width B of the latter . In the example of FIG. 1, the first possibility mentioned above is used in the introduction for the means 8. The means 8 consist in this case at least by one of the aforementioned ribs 5 which, in a section view transverse and in the assembled state of the construction element 1, protrudes from the first insulating material 6, and by a recess 9 in the second part 3, which cooperates with the first mentioned. In this case, all the ribs 5 of the first part 2 cooperate with a corresponding recess 9 in the second insulating material 7.

In the example, one works with three ribs 5 which extend in the longitudinal direction of the rectangular construction element 1. With regard to the first insulating material 6 or the insulating material of the first part 2, it is possible to make use for example of insulating materials transformed into foam such as polyurethane (PUR) or polyisocyanurate (PIR). Also for the second insulating material 7 or the insulating material of the second part 3, it is possible to make use of the foamed insulating materials mentioned above. Optionally, the insulating material 6 or 7 of the two aforementioned parts 2 and 3 may be composed in itself of several layers of the same material or not. Such a multi-layer type composition of the insulating material 6 or 7 is not shown here.

It should be noted that a building element 1 or a roof element, such as that represented in FIG. 1, may in practice have a length L that may correspond several times to the width B of the building element 1. The length L can be provided depending on the measurement of the roof construction and is preferably between 2 and 8 m, while the width B of the building element 1, in the case of the example of Figure 1 , depends on the number of ribs 5 that the building element 1 has, a width B which is between 60 and 150 cm being preferred. The total height A of the building element 1 depends mainly on the required or desired thermal resistance value of the building element 1, starting from the thicknesses used D1-D2 of the first insulating material 6 and the second insulating material 7.

FIG. 2 shows that the total thickness D of the insulating material of the construction element 1 depends on the thickness D1 of the first insulating material 6 and the thickness D2 of the second insulating material 7. The thickness total D is greater than the height H of the ribs 5. In addition, the construction element 1 of Figures 1 and 2 has the particular characteristic that the ribs 5 of the first part 2 are subjected to a thermal decoupling with respect to the upper side of the construction element 1. More specifically, a portion of the second insulating material 7 is still between the ribs 5 and the upper side of the building element 1. The upper side of the building element 1 is thus connected , via the insulating material 7 and 6, in a thermally interrupted manner, with the ribs 5 and also with the base plate 4 of the second part 2. The aforementioned ribs 5 or the chevro They are preferably made of wood such as spruce or pine and preferably occupy the total length L of the construction element 1. Preferably, each rib 5 is made in one piece in the longitudinal direction and has preferably a thickness of 20 to 45 mm. Instead of one piece, one or more of said ribs may also be formed in their longitudinal direction by a plurality of parts, for example by securing shorter ribs to each other. A fastener of this type can be made for example with what is called a dovetail assembly. For an example of a technique of this type, reference is made to EP 1 162 050. It should be noted that the base plate 4 can also be constituted by several assembled parts. It is clear that in the example of FIG. 1, the compressive strength of the illustrated structural element 1, in the case of a stress acting perpendicularly on the construction element 1, is determined mainly by the compressive strength of the insulating material 7. Preferably, the first insulating material 6, as represented by the variant of FIG. 3, is connected at least with an adhesive bond 10 to the second separate insulating material 7. The connection said glue 10 between the first and the second material 6 and 7 of the two parts 2 and 3 is produced, in the example of FIG. 3, not over the entire surface of the base plate 4, but is interrupted at height of the ribs 5. The large surface of the plane of contact between the two insulating materials 6 and 7 makes it possible to obtain sufficient strength of the adhesive bonding 10 between the two parts 2 and 3 of the building element 1 for abs orb external external stresses such as for example wind loads. FIG. 3 shows a construction element 1 in which, in a cross-sectional view, the second portion 3 further comprises an upper plate 11 which, in a cross-sectional view, extends over the second material 7 or the insulating material of the second part 3. The abovementioned base plate 4 and / or the upper plate 11, as indicated inter alia in FIG. 3, may respectively be selected from the non-limiting series consisting of a material based on wood, such as a wood chips panel, plasterboard, plywood panel, Oriented Strand Board (OSB) and a silicate board. It is clear that for the base plate 4 and the top plate 11, one need not necessarily select the same type of plate or panel. Similarly, the thickness that is selected for the base plate 4 and that selected for the top plate 11 may be different.

In FIG. 3, it is also schematically illustrated that the ribs 5 are connected via glue connections 10 to the base plate 4 and, preferably, also to the first insulating material 6 between the ribs 5. These links By glue 10, however, they have little or no influence on the compressive stiffness or on the compressive strength of the construction element 1, but have a positive influence on the resistance against the stresses of bending and / or twisting.

As shown in FIG. 3, the two parts 2, 3 or more of the building element 1 form, according to a preferred embodiment in the assembled state, a closed construction element.

In the context of FIG. 3, the upper plate 11 is provided with internal reinforcing slats 12. These reinforcing slats 12 contribute to the rigidity, mainly to the bending strength, of the second part 3, in particular of the upper plate. 11.

In the construction element 1 of FIG. 3, the ribs 5 of the first part 2 are subjected to a thermal decoupling with respect to the upper plate 11 of the construction element 1. This thermal decoupling is obtained by the fact that the aforementioned ribs come into contact only via the insulating material 7 of the second part 3 with the upper plate 11 of the construction element. The ribs 5 of the first part 2 do not come into direct contact with the internal reinforcing slats 12 of the second part 3. In a variant, it is possible to provide a thermal and / or acoustic decoupling strip between the aforementioned ribs 5 of the first part 2, on the one hand and the second part 3 of the construction element 1, on the other hand. A thermal decoupling band of this type is however not shown in FIG.

In addition, in the example shown in FIG. 3, the upper side of the construction element, more precisely the upper plate 11, is subjected to an acoustic decoupling with respect to the base plate 4. This favorable property is obtained, in the case shown, in that the upper plate 11 is connected only via the insulating material 6-7 to the base plate 4. The upper side of the construction element 1 is thus connected in an elastic manner via the insulating materials 6-7 to the lower side of the building element 1, in this case to the base plate 4 of the first part 2. In this way, we obtain the fact that sound waves that reach the side upper part of the building element 1 and which spread in the building element 1, can propagate mainly, if not exclusively, through the insulating material 6-7 towards the interior of the building. Optionally, one or more parts of the construction element 1 can be worked with an insulating material having favorable acoustic properties, for example an insulating panel made of wood fibers, so that a high absorption of the fibers can be obtained. sound waves in the building element 1.

In the case of Figure 3, the ribs 5 of the first part 2 and the inner reinforcing slats 12 of the second part 3 are arranged in a cross-sectional view, on top of each other. This characteristic can lead to a simplification of the production of such building elements 1. It is thus possible to combine the application of the internal reinforcing slats 12 and the application of the recesses 9 in the second part 3. Preferably as shown here, a space or an air chamber 13 is provided between the ribs 5 and the internal reinforcing slats 12. This feature promotes the thermal acoustic decoupling of the base plate 4 and the top plate 11 According to a variant, contact between the ribs 5 and the internal reinforcing slats 12 can be provided, by means of a decoupling strip or not, so that a larger diameter can be obtained. rigidity of the element 1.

FIG. 4 shows again a clear example of a construction element 1 in which, in a cross-sectional view, the upper side of the second part 3, in this example the upper plate 11 of the second part 3, is separated by means of an air chamber 13. It is clear that instead of air, it is also possible to use another material which may preferably be better compressed than the aforementioned insulating material, such as for example a converted material foam, a gel or a liquid which is arranged for example in a closed deformable container. In this example, it is also clearly shown that the internal reinforcing slats 12 can be made with a cross section much smaller than that of the ribs 5. As was also the case in FIGS. 1 to 3, FIG. also illustrates that said one or more protruding ribs 5 are fixed to the base plate 4 in the absence of an intermediate insulating material 6. The corresponding ribs 5 may for example be fixed by means of nail connections, by screw and / or glue and / or via any other means of attachment. Among others, in the example of FIG. 4, the construction element 1 has the characteristic such that, in a cross-sectional view and in the assembled state of the construction element 1, the aforementioned means 8 for the alignment extend to a height greater than that of the first insulating material 6 and extend only in part in the second separate insulating material 7. In addition, the example of FIG. characteristic such that the aforementioned means 8 for alignment are constituted by a plurality of ribs 5, in this example wooden ribs which, in a cross-sectional view, are arranged on the base plate 4 and extend to a height higher than that of the first insulating material 6 and which, in the assembled state of the construction element, extend only partially in the second insulating material 7. In this example again, the second part 3 of the building element 1 extends, in the mounted state of the construction element and in a cross-sectional view, to a height greater than the level N which is greater than the upper side of the aforesaid means 8 for alignment. In this case, the insulating material 7 of the second part 3 is present at a height greater than that of the aforementioned means 8 for alignment, more precisely at a height greater than the ribs 5. It is clear that the embodiments 1 to 3 and in FIGS. 5 to 9 also show the property mentioned above, namely that the second part 3 of the construction element 1, in the assembled state of the construction element 1 and in a cross-sectional view, extends to a level which is greater than the upper side of the aforementioned ribs 5. In FIG. 5, the projecting ribs 5 of the first part 2 are not The embodiment of FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an intermediate insulating material 6 between the projecting ribs 5 and the base plate 4. besides, this embodiment further comprises internal reinforcing slats 12, both in the first part 2 and in the second part 3. It is clear that these internal reinforcing slats 12 need not necessarily, as shown in a cross-sectional view, In fact, they can be placed in any position with respect to the ribs 5. In FIG. 6, a construction element 1 is shown in the unassembled state. The embodiment shown in FIG. 6 corresponds mainly with that represented in FIG. 2. As in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2, counter battens 14 are also used. occurrence of the upper side of the construction element 1 which is intended, in the case of use of a roof construction, to be oriented outwards and which is provided with slats 14 which are fixed thereto, more precisely against the slats 14 which extend in the longitudinal direction of the construction element 1. The above-mentioned upper side of the construction element also represents, in the example of the preceding figures, the upper side of the second part 3 The counter battens 14 may be glued, for example, on the upper side of the second part 3 of the construction element 1. Counter battens 14 of this type may be provided in all forms of construction. of the present invention, during the production of the building element 1 or not. Although this is the case in FIGS. 1, 2 and 6, the aforesaid slats 14 need not necessarily be applied to locations which, in a cross-sectional view, are located above the aforementioned ribs. in other words, the slats 14 do not necessarily come to arrange themselves in alignment with the ribs 5. In roof constructions, in which the longitudinal direction of the building elements 1 is parallel to the width of the roof construction, it Nevertheless it is possible to ensure that the counter battens 14 extend transversely with respect to the longitudinal direction of the construction element 1. In such a case, the battens 14 are preferably fixed only to the element of construction 1, when it is already included in the construction of roofing.

Among others, the example of FIG. 6 shows the characteristic such that the abovementioned means 8 for alignment make it possible to align, during the assembly of the construction element 1, mainly the second separate insulating material 7 with the first insulating material 6. In this case, other possible elements of the second part 3 are also aligned with the first insulating material 6. In the specific case of Figure 6, in which the second part 3 of the building element 1 comprises several counter battens 14, during the assembly of the construction element 1 with the aid of the abovementioned means 8 for alignment, these counter battens 14 are also aligned with respect to the first insulating material 6. In this case, the aforementioned counter-slats 14 are also aligned with the ribs 5 of the first part 2. In FIG. 6, an example is shown in which at least the first part 2 is made and the second part by 3 of the construction element 1 in the form of separate parts that can be assembled later for example on the construction site or on the roof. In addition, there is also shown in this FIG. 6 a particularly preferred characteristic of the present invention, more specifically the fact that said one or more protruding ribs 5 of the first part 2, are provided, at least on the side which goes bankrupt compared to to the insulating material 6, one or more chamfers 15. According to another preferred embodiment, said one or more protruding ribs 5 of the first part 2 are provided, if appropriate, on the side facing the base plate 4 One or more chamfers 15. In this figure, the further preferred feature of the invention is further schematically represented such that the base plate 4 has a decorative side 16, for example as shown here. in the manner of a layer-like coating. Finally, in FIG. 6, it is also schematically represented that the recess 9 is made with a smaller dimension, so that it can grip the second insulating material 7 over the ribs 5. In FIGS. 8, there is shown in cross-sectional views other possible embodiments of a construction element 1 according to the present invention, more specifically a construction element 1 in which a different insulating material is selected for the first one. and the second insulating material 6-7. One possibility lies in a combination of insulating materials 6-7, respectively polyurethane as the first insulating material 6 and rockwool as the second insulating material 7, or vice versa, as shown respectively in FIGS. 8. Another possible and interesting combination of insulating materials 6-7 relates to the combination of a second insulating material 7 having improved acoustic properties and a first insulating material 6 which represents a foamed insulating material. Preferably, in the case mentioned last, acoustic decoupling is also selected between the projecting ribs 5 of the first part 2, on the one hand, and the second part 5 3 of the construction element 1, on the other hand. . As is the case in the example of FIG. 7, it is possible to work for this purpose with acoustic and / or thermal decoupling strips 17 over the aforementioned projecting ribs. As already indicated, The decoupling strips 17 of this type can also be used in the air chambers 13 of the building elements 1 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. Among other things, the example of FIG. 7 shows the characteristic such that the aforementioned means 8 for the alignment make it possible, during the assembly of the construction element 1, to align mainly the second separate insulating material 7 with the first insulating material 6. In the specific case of FIG. the second part 3 has an upper plate 11 and, during the assembly of the construction element 1, this upper plate 11 is also aligned with respect to the first insulating material 6, using the aforementioned means 8. fi FIG. 9 further shows a possible embodiment of a construction element 1 according to the present invention, in which the first part 2 is made with two panels or two plates, more precisely a base plate 4 and an intermediate plate. 18. This intermediate plate 18 can optionally be considered as being an upper plate of the first part 2. The projecting ribs 5 of the first part 2 are made, in this embodiment, by means of ribs 5 which are fixed above of the aforementioned intermediate plate 18.11 is clear that the element of construction as shown in Figure 9 has the characteristic that, in a cross-sectional view, at least one of the aforementioned ribs 5 protrudes from the insulating material 6 of the first part 2, the second part 3 comprising recesses 9 which can cooperate with said one or more ribs aforementioned parts 5 of the first part 2.

The various examples that are represented in FIGS. 1 to 9 also have the preferred characteristic such that the aforementioned means 8 make it possible to obtain an alignment of the second part 3 of the construction element 1 with the first part 2 of However, it is clear that this feature is not necessary to fall within the scope of the present invention. Thus, for example, the counter battens of the example of FIG. 2 can optionally be applied independently, after assembly of the construction element. FIG. 10 shows the manner in which the construction element of FIG. 1 can be used in a roof construction 19. In this case, it is possible to start from a relatively simple frame 20 by working with a number limited herringbone 21, which is then fixed building elements 1, specifically roofing elements 1. For example, can be applied tiles 22 as shown in this case after having previously provided battens 23. In In this example, the strips 23, in the example, are fixed on the counter battens 14. Although in the example, the construction elements 1 extend with their longitudinal direction from the gutter to the ridge of the roof, it is possible to place the building elements 1, according to a variant of a roof construction 19 of this type, so that they extend with their longitudinal direction over the width of the roof construction 19 Figure 10 shows in this respect a roof construction having inter alia the features of the second aspect of the present invention. It will also be noted that in FIGS. 1, 2 and 6, it is also shown that the edge 24 of a building element 1 can be made with a profile 25. The profile 25 is made in such a way that a joint 26 remains in the roof construction 19 between the upper sides of adjacent building elements 1, which can be completed for example by means of a foaming filler, such as a PU foam, for example using a atomizer. Preferably, a seal 26 remains in this case between the adjacent building elements 1, which has a constant geometry. By way of example, the gasket 26 may have a constant width perpendicular to the edge 24. Preferably, this gasket 26 has dimensions that are limited with respect to the dimensions of the building element 1. it is a joint 26 having a dimension less than cm, which is measured transversely to the edge 24 of the construction element 1. The construction element 1 is also provided, in the examples 5 of FIGS. , 2 and 6, at the height of the upper side of the first portion 2, a notch 27 which forms a chamber with the notch 27 of an adjacent building element 1, for the aforementioned filler. In this case, the notch 27 is V-shaped and extends the entire length L of the building element 1. However, it is also possible to use a notch 27 of this type on the underside of one or more parts 2-3, but this characteristic is not shown here. It should also be noted that in the example of FIG. 2, the vertical distance V is selected in a cross-sectional view of the construction element between the lower side of the slats 14 and the upper side of the ribs 5. , which are made in the embodiment shown in reciprocally superimposed state, so that the aforementioned slats 14 can be connected using nails or screws whose length does not come out of the normal, with the aforementioned underlying ribs 5, in this example through the intermediate insulating material 7. Preferably, this vertical distance V is less than or equal to 6 cm, more preferably less than or equal to 5 cm or, as indicated in FIG. Figure 2 is a diagrammatic embodiment of 3.6 cm. It is important to note here that the distances or ratios of distances that are indicated on this subject in the figures may also vary with respect to actual distances or ratios.

In addition, according to the invention, by the use of several construction elements 1 having the characteristics of the first aspect, it is possible to obtain a construction, more specifically a roof construction, in which via the alignment of the two insulating materials. corresponding elements of the construction element, between the adjacent building elements, no joint remains or a joint having a constant width remains there.

It should also be noted that all of Figures 1 to 9 show the features of the particularly preferred embodiment of the first aspect, as indicated in the introduction.

The present invention is in no way limited to the embodiments described above. Construction elements and roof constructions of this type can be made according to different variants without departing from the scope of the present invention. Thus it is possible, for example instead of applying the invention to the flat construction elements shown in the figures, to apply it to so-called "arched" building elements. These elements of construction are characterized by a curved shape of the base plate and / or of the aforementioned upper plate following an arc having a radius for example of 2 to 10 m, and preferably about an axis which is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the building element. These building elements are for example suitable for acting as acoustic roof elements in a roof construction which has a certain rounding. Preferably, such roof elements extend, with their longitudinal direction, over the width of the roof construction.

Claims (10)

REVENDICATIONS1. Construction element, more specifically for roof, wall or floor constructions, this building element (1) consisting of at least a first insulating material (6) and a second separate insulating material (7) , these insulating materials (6-7), in the assembled state of the building element (1), extending in a cross-sectional view, on top of one another, characterized in that the building element (1) further comprises means (8) for aligning the two corresponding insulating materials (6-7) relative to one another. 2. Construction element according to claim 1, characterized in that this construction element (1) consists of at least two parts (2-3), more precisely, firstly, a first part (2) which is at least constituted by a base plate (4) and one or more ribs (5), the aforementioned first insulating material (6) extending over the base plate (4), and the other a second part (3) which is at least constituted by the above-mentioned second separate insulating material (7), the abovementioned means (8) being at least one of the aforementioned ribs (5) which, in a cross-sectional view and in the assembled state of the construction element (1), protrudes from the first insulating material (6), and by a recess (9) cooperating with the first mentioned, in the second part (3). 3. Construction element according to claim 2, characterized in that the second part (3) further comprises an upper plate (11) which, in a cross-sectional view, extends over the second insulating material (7). 4. Construction element according to any one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the aforementioned recesses (9) of the second part (3) are provided in the second insulating material (7). 5. Construction element according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that said one or more aforementioned protruding ribs (5) of the first part (2) are fixed to said base plate (4) in the absence of an intermediate insulating material. 15 6. Construction element according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that, in a cross-sectional view, the upper side of the second part (3) is separated from the aforementioned ribs (5) of the first part (2) at least by means of an inner tube (13). 20 7. Construction element according to one of Claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the construction element (1) has one or more of the following characteristics: The construction element (1) is rectangular and the ribs mentioned above (5) of the first part (2) extend in the longitudinal direction of the construction element (1); at least the base plate (4) is made of a wood-based material, at least the top plate (11) is made of a wood-based material; at least the base plate (4) has on its underside a decorative side (1 6). Construction element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the construction element (1) has one or more of the following characteristics: - the construction element (1), in the assembled state, forms a closed construction element (1); - the building element (1) comprises slats (1 4) which, in a cross-sectional view and in the mounted state, are arranged on the outer side of the building element (1); at least the first insulating material (6) and the second insulating material (7) are made separately; the first insulating material mentioned above (6) and the second insulating material (7) are connected to each other by means of an adhesive bond (10); the first insulating material mentioned above (6) is chosen from the list consisting of an insulating material based on cellulose, an insulating material based on wood fibers, glass wool, rockwool, polyurethane, polyisocyanurate foam, expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene and an insulating material containing phenol; the second insulating material (7) cited above is chosen from the list consisting of a cellulose-based insulating material, an insulating material based on wood fibers, glass wool, rock wool, polyurethane, polyisocyanurate foam, expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene and an insulating material containing phenol; for the first insulating material (6) and for the second insulating material (7), the same insulating material is chosen; the building element (1) has a thermal resistance value (Rc) of at least 5 m2K / W. 9. A roof construction, said roof construction (19) comprising one or more building elements (1) having the features of the preceding claims, each of said building elements (1) being composed of at least one first insulating material (6). ) and at least a second separate insulating material (7), these insulating materials (6-7), in the assembled state of the building element (1), extending in a cross sectional view, one on top of the other, characterized in that each of the aforementioned building elements (1) further comprises means (8) for aligning the two corresponding insulating materials (6-7) with respect to each other. 'other. 10. Roof construction according to claim 9, characterized in that each of the building elements (1) consists of at least two parts (2-3), a first part being at least constituted by a base plate (4). ) and by one or more ribs (5), the aforementioned building elements (1) being fixed directly or indirectly on the frame (20), characterized in that, in a cross-sectional view, at least one of the aforementioned ribs ( 5) of the first part (2) protrudes from the first insulating material (6) and the second part (3) comprises recesses (9) which can cooperate with said one or more aforementioned protruding ribs (5) of the first part (2).